Research Papers in Sky Art
The Compare and Contrast Essay: The most fundamental research consists of investigating paintings by comparing them to photos of the sky, to maps ofthe location of any painting that is documentable, and to the prevailing weather and climate.The Essay should consist of a WORD Document accompanied by a Powerpoint Presentation containing all images, photos and maps. An example of a Compare and Contrast Essay can be downloaded from the Web Page.
The Term Research Paper: This would involve a more detailed study of the sky paintings of one or two artists, of a certain period or artistic movement (e. g., Baroque or Romantic), or a certain subject (such as rainbows). It could include surveys (statistical or otherwise) of the dominant cloud forms, the fraction of the sky covered by clouds, atmospheric visibility and pollution, optical phenomena, sky colors, the time of day (sunset or noon), seasons, and other effects including wind, storm, rain, snow, fog.
Web Sites for Images
General Collections
Some Specific Art Museums (there are many, many more)
Specific Artists(there are many, many more)
Artist_List: Notable Sky Painters who created at least one distinctive painting of the sky. An asterisk (*) indicates artists with many distinctive sky paintings and who would be good subjects for research. Chinese artists have not been included here but certainly could be used for a paper.
*Robert Campin (Master of Flemalle) Flemish(1375-1444)
*Jan van Eyck Flemish(1395-1441)
Masolino da PanicaleItalian(1383-1447)
Stefano di Giovanni, (il Sassetta) Italian(1392-1450)
Fra AngelicoItalian(1387-1455)
*Giovanni BelliniItalian(1430-1516)
Andrea MantegnaItalian(1431-1506)
*Piero della FrancescaItalian(1422-1492)
Hugo van der GoesFlemish(1440-1482)
Dieric Bouts the YoungerFlemish(1448-1490)
*Hans MemlingFlemish(1435-1494)
Hieronymus BoschFlemish(1450-1516)
*Leonardo da VinciItalian(1452-1519)
*Albrecht AltdorferGerman(1480-1538)
Lucas Cranach the ElderGerman(1472-1553)
Matthias GrünewaldGerman(1470-1528)
Jan Gossaert (Mabuse)Flemish(1478-1532)
PintoricchioItalian(1454-1513)
RaphaelItalian(1483-1520)
*TitianItalian(1485-1576)
Jan van ScorelFlemish(1495-1562)
Paolo VeroneseItalian(1528-1588)
*Pieter Bruegel the ElderFlemish(1525-1568)
TintorettoItalian(1518-1594)
El GrecoGreek-Span(1541-1614)
Adam ElsheimerGerman(1578-1610)
Lucas van ValckenborchFlemish(1530-1597)
*Peter Paul RubensBelgian(1577-1640)
Hendrick AvercampDutch(1585-1634)
Esaias van de VeldeDutch(1587-1630)
Dirck van SantvoortDutch(1610-1680)
*Rembrandt van RijnDutch(1606-1669)
*Jan van GoyenDutch(1596-1656)
Jan Dirksz BothDutch(1610-1652)
Frans PostDutch(1612-1680)
*Aert van der NeerDutch(1603-1677)
*Jacob van RuisdaelDutch(1628-1682)
Salomon van RuysdaelDutch(1600-1670)
Jan VermeerDutch(1632-1675)
Philips KoninckDutch(1619-1688)
Isaack van OstadeDutch(1621-1649)
*Aelbert CuypDutch(1620-1691)
Gerrit Adriaensz (Berckheyde)Dutch(1638-1698)
Meindert HobbemaDutch(1638-1709)
Jan SiberechtsBelg-Eng(1627-1703)
*Claude LorrainFrench(1602-1682)
Louis Le NainBelgian(1603-1648)
*Bartolomé Esteban MurilloSpanish(1617-1682)
Antoine WatteauFrench(1684-1721)
FrançoisBoucherFrench(1703-1770)
Claude-Joseph VernetFrench(1714-1789)
Jean-HonoréFragonardFrench(1732-1806)
*CanalettoItalian(1697-1768)
Giambattista TiepoloItalian(1696-1770)
William HodgesEnglish(1744-1797)
*Francisco de GoyaSpanish(1746-1828)
Caspar WolfSwiss(1735-1783)
Antonio CarniceroSpanish(1748-1814)
Philippe de LoutherbourgFr-Eng(1740-1812)
*Caspar David FriedrichGerman(1774-1840)
*Joseph M. W. TurnerEnglish(1775-1851)
*John ConstableEnglish(1776-1837)
Samuel PalmerEnglish(1805-1881)
Asher B. DurandAmerican(1796-1886)
*Thomas ColeEng-US(1801-1848)
*Frederic ChurchAmerican(1826-1900)
*Jasper CropseyAmerican(1823-1900)
Fitz Hugh LaneAmerican(1804-1865)
Sanford GiffordAmerican(1823-1880)
John KensettAmerican(1816-1872)
*George InnessAmerican(1825-1894)
*Thomas MoranAmerican(1837-1926)
Albert BierstadtGerman-US(1830-1902)
James McNeill WhistlerAmerican(1834-1903)
Cornelius KrieghoffDutch-Canad(1815-1872)
Lucius O'BrienCanadian(1832-1899)
Theodore RousseauFrench(1812-1867)
*Camille CorotFrench(1796-1875)
*Jean-Francois MilletFrench(1814-1875)
*Gustav CourbetFrench(1819-1877)
*Katsushika HokusaiJapanese(1760-1849)
HiroshigeJapanese(1797-1858)
Fyodor VasilyevRussian(1850-1873)
Isaak LevitanRussian(1860-1900)
*Eugène BoudinFrench(1824-1898)
*Claude MonetFrench(1840-1926)
*Camille PisarroFrench(1830-1903)
Arnold BöcklinGerman(1827-1901)
Albert Pinkham RyderAmerican(1847-1917)
*AlfredSisleyEng-Fr(1839-1899)
Henri RousseauFrench(1844-1910)
*Vincent van GoghDutch-Fr(1853-1890)
Edvard MunchNorwegian(1863-1944)
*Winslow HomerAmerican(1836-1910)
*Edward HopperAmerican(1882-1967)
Oscar KokoschkaAustrian(1886-1980)
Georgia O’KeefeAmerican(1887-1986)
Max PechsteinGerman(1881-1955)
René MagritteDutch(1898-1967)
*J. E. H. MacDonaldEng-Canad(1873-1932)
*Tom ThompsonCanadian(1877-1917)
*Lawren HarrisCanadian(1885-1970)
Marsden HartleyAmerican(1877-1943)
Charles M. RussellAmerican(1864-1926)
*Alexandre HogueAmerican(1898-1994)
*John Steuart CurryAmerican(1897-1946)
*Wilson HurleyAmerican(1924-2008)
*James Perry WilsonAmerican(1889-1976)
William LeighAmerican(1866-1955)
Matthew KalmanoffAmerican(1905-1986)
*Anna Mary (Grandma) MosesAmerican(1860-1961)