APPENDICES
Appendix I: Attached questionnaire as supplemental file
Appendix IIA
Domain B: Statistical difference between proportions endorsing ‘correct’ responses vs. ‘incorrect’ responses for each item
%correct vs. %incorrect(including neutrals) / %correct vs. %incorrect (excluding neutrals)
One-sample binomial test
1. Even the most experienced and competent doctors make errors / p<0.001 / p<0.001
2. Most medical errors result from careless nurses / p<0.001 / p<0.001
3. The number of hours doctors work increases the likelihood of making errors / p<0.001 / p<0.001
4. If people try hard enough, they will not make any errors / p<0.001 / p<0.001
5. Most medical errors result from careless doctors / p<0.001 / p<0.001
6. Medical error is a sign of incompetence / p<0.001 / p<0.001
7. Patients have an important role in preventing medical errors / p<0.001 / p<0.001
8. Better multidisciplinary teamwork will reduce medical error / p<0.001 / p<0.001
9. Learning about patient safety is not as important as learning other more skill-based aspects of being a doctor / p<0.001 / p<0.001
10. If a junior doctor makes an error, the Consultant should take most of the responsibility / p=0.728 / p<0.001
11. All health care professionals should formally report any medical errors which occur / p<0.001 / p<0.001
12. If I keep learning from my mistakes, I can prevent incidents / p<0.001 / p<0.001
13. By concentrating on the causes of incidents I can contribute to patient safety / p<0.001 / p<0.001
14. I believe that filling in error reporting forms will help to improve patient safety / p=0.019 / p<0.001
15. It is only important to disclose errors to patients if they have resulted in harm / p<0.001 / p<0.001
Appendix IIB
Domain B: Comparison of the proportions endorsing ‘correct’ option by Grade- Registrar (Reg) vs. Foundation/Core Trainees (FY/CT
Two-way Chi-squared test: statements demonstrating statistically significant differences between Grades are highlighted in bold (p<0.01)
% ‘correct’‘Correct’ Response / Reg / FY/CT / χ2 / p
1. Even the most experienced and competent doctors make errors / Agree / 99% / 98% / 0.814 / 0.367
2. Most medical errors result from careless nurses / Disagree / 77% / 82% / 1.216 / 0.270
3. The number of hours doctors work increases the likelihood of making errors / Agree / 73% / 79% / 1.714 / 0.190
4. If people try hard enough, they will not make any errors / Disagree / 71% / 79% / 3.979 / 0.046
5. Most medical errors result from careless doctors / Disagree / 77% / 82% / 1.476 / 0.224
6. Medical error is a sign of incompetence / Disagree / 60% / 77% / 15.798 / <0.001
7. Patients have an important role in preventing medical errors / Agree / 65% / 56% / 3.563 / 0.059
8. Better multidisciplinary teamwork will reduce medical error / Agree / 88% / 89% / 0.302 / 0.583
9. Learning about patient safety is not as important as learning other more skill-based aspects of being a doctor / Disagree / 56% / 60% / 0.616 / 0.432
10. If a junior doctor makes an error, the Consultant should take most of the responsibility / Disagree / 44% / 50% / 1.917 / 0.166
11. All health care professionals should formally report any medical errors which occur / Agree / 76% / 68% / 3.013 / 0.083
12. If I keep learning from my mistakes, I can prevent incidents / Agree / 87% / 87% / 0.009 / 0.923
13. By concentrating on the causes of incidents I can contribute to patient safety / Agree / 94% / 93% / 0.004 / 0.948
14. I believe that filling in error reporting forms will help to improve patient safety / Agree / 54% / 55% / 0.067 / 0.796
15. It is only important to disclose errors to patients if they have resulted in harm / Disagree / 50% / 63% / 7.019 / 0.008
Appendix IIC
Domain B: Comparison of the proportions endorsing ‘correct’ option by speciality- Medicine vs. Surgery
Two-way Chi-squared test: statements demonstrating statistically significant differences between specialities are highlighted in bold (p<0.01)
% ‘correct’‘Correct’ Response / Med / Surg / χ2 / p
1. Even the most experienced and competent doctors make errors / Agree / 100% / 96% / 2.372 / 0.124
2. Most medical errors result from careless nurses / Disagree / 87% / 71% / 4.360 / 0.037
3. The number of hours doctors work increases the likelihood of making errors / Agree / 74% / 56% / 4.444 / 0.035
4. If people try hard enough, they will not make any errors / Disagree / 78% / 71% / 0.801 / 0.425
5. Most medical errors result from careless doctors / Disagree / 80% / 74% / 0.486 / 0.486
6. Medical error is a sign of incompetence / Disagree / 80% / 1.4% / 81.432 / <0.001
7. Patients have an important role in preventing medical errors / Agree / 50% / 69% / 4.339 / 0.036
8. Better multidisciplinary teamwork will reduce medical error / Agree / 89% / 89% / 0.003 / 0.956
9. Learning about patient safety is not as important as learning other more skill-based aspects of being a doctor / Disagree / 80% / 7% / 67.511 / <0.001
10. If a junior doctor makes an error, the Consultant should take most of the responsibility / Disagree / 52% / 53% / 0.012 / 0.912
11. All health care professionals should formally report any medical errors which occur / Agree / 83% / 74% / 1.465 / 0.226
12. If I keep learning from my mistakes, I can prevent incidents / Agree / 85% / 83% / 0.122 / 0.727
13. By concentrating on the causes of incidents I can contribute to patient safety / Agree / 94% / 91% / 0.412 / 0.521
14. I believe that filling in error reporting forms will help to improve patient safety / Agree / 57% / 46% / 1.668 / 0.197
15. It is only important to disclose errors to patients if they have resulted in harm / Disagree / 69% / 16% / 35.826 / <0.001
Appendix IIIA
Domain C: Statistical difference between proportions endorsing ‘correct’ responses vs. ‘incorrect’ responses for each item
%correct vs. %incorrect(including neutrals) / %correct vs. %incorrect (excluding neutrals)
One-sample binomial test
1. I am confident I could talk openly here about an error I had made, no matter how serious the outcome had been for my patient / p=0.792 / p<0.001
2. I believe medical errors are handled appropriately on my ward/in my department / p=0.014 / p<0.001
3. The senior managers in my hospital listen to me and care about my patient safety concerns / p<0.001 / p=0.394
4. The senior doctors in my department listen to me and care about my patient safety concerns / p<0.001 / p<0.001
5. The senior ward nurses listen to me and care about my patient safety concerns / p<0.001 / p<0.001
6. My suggestions about patient safety would be acted upon if I expressed them to management / p<0.001 / p<0.001
7. I know the proper channels to direct questions regarding patient safety / p=0.188 / p<0.001
8. I would feel safe here being treated as an inpatient / p<0.001 / p<0.001
9. Staff often disregard protocols or guidelines established on the ward/ in the department / p<0.001 / p<0.001
10. Admitting an error I had made would lead to just and fair treatment by management / p<0.001 / p<0.001
11. Nurses on my ward are likely to criticise me for making mistakes / p<0.001 / p=0.523
12. Doctors in my team are likely to criticise me for making mistakes / p<0.001 / p=0.003
13. I am encouraged by my seniors to report any safety concerns I may have / p=0.160 / p<0.001
14. Patient safety is constantly reinforced as a priority on my ward/in this department / p=0.053 / p<0.001
15. Management is more interested in meeting performance targets than focusing on patient safety issues / p<0.001 / p<0.001
Appendix IIIB
Domain C: Comparison of the proportions endorsing ‘correct’ option by Grade- Registrar (Reg) vs. Foundation/Core Trainees (FY/CT
Two-way Chi-squared test: statements demonstrating statistically significant differences between Grades are highlighted in bold (p<0.01)
% ‘correct’‘Correct’ Response / Reg / FY/CT / χ2 / p
1. I am confident I could talk openly here about an error I had made, no matter how serious the outcome had been for my patient / Agree / 53% / 47% / 2.415 / 0.120
2. I believe medical errors are handled appropriately on my ward/in my department / Agree / 60% / 50% / 4.891 / 0.027
3. The senior managers in my hospital listen to me and care about my patient safety concerns / Agree / 39% / 23% / 15.881 / <0.001
4. The senior doctors in my department listen to me and care about my patient safety concerns / Agree / 76% / 63% / 9.205 / 0.002
5. The senior ward nurses listen to me and care about my patient safety concerns / Agree / 67% / 60% / 3.130 / 0.077
6. My suggestions about patient safety would be acted upon if I expressed them to management / Agree / 45% / 26% / 19.662 / <0.001
7. I know the proper channels to direct questions regarding patient safety / Agree / 56% / 37% / 19.294 / <0.001
8. I would feel safe here being treated as an inpatient / Agree / 66% / 53% / 8.357 / 0.004
9. Staff often disregard protocols or guidelines established on the ward/ in the department / Disagree / 73% / 62% / 6.681 / 0.010
10. Admitting an error I had made would lead to just and fair treatment by management / Agree / 43% / 33% / 6.056 / 0.014
11. Nurses on my ward are likely to criticise me for making mistakes / Disagree / 37% / 32% / 1.199 / 0.274
12. Doctors in my team are likely to criticise me for making mistakes / Disagree / 38% / 37% / 0.069 / 0.793
13. I am encouraged by my seniors to report any safety concerns I may have / Agree / 59% / 47% / 6.495 / 0.011
14. Patient safety is constantly reinforced as a priority on my ward/in this department / Agree / 58% / 50% / 3.078 / 0.079
15. Management is more interested in meeting performance targets than focusing on patient safety issues / Disagree / 29% / 11% / 28.485 / <0.001
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