REFERENCES

Aiken, Leona S. and Stephen G. West (1991), Multiple Regression: Testing and Interpreting Interactions, Newbury Park, CA: SAGE Publications.

Aker, D. A., and R. P. Bagozzi (1979), "Unobservable Variables in Structural Equation Models with an Application in Industrial Selling," Journal of Marketing Research, 16, 147-158.

Anderson, Erin (1988), "Transaction Costs as Determinants of Opportunism in Integrated and Independent Sales Forces," Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 9, 247-264.

Anderson, James C. and David W. Gerbing (1982), "Some Methods for Respecifying Measurement Models to Obtain Unidimensional Construct Measurement," Journal of Marketing Research, 19 (November), 453-60.

______and David W. Gerbing (1984), "The Effect of Sampling Error on Convergence, Improper Solutions, and Goodness of Fit Indices for Maximum Likelihood Confirmatory Factor Analysis," Psychometrika, 49, 155-173.

______(1988), "Structural Equation Modeling in Practice: A Review and Recommended Two-Step Approach," Psychological Bulletin, 103 (May), 411-23.

Anderson, James C. and James A. Narus (1984), "A Model of the Distributor's Perspective of Distributor-Manufacturer Working Relationship," Journal of Marketing, 48 (Fall), 62-74.

Anderson, James C., David W. Gerbing and John E. Hunter (1987), "On the Assessment of Unidimensional Measurement: Internal and External Consistency, and Overall Consistency Criteria," Journal of Marketing Research, 24 (November), 432437.

Arbuckle, J. (1988), "Getting Started with AMOS under MSDOS," Manuscript, Department of Psychology, Temple University.

Arminger, Gerhard and Ronald J. Schoenberg (1989), "Pseudo Maximum Likelihood Estimation and a Test for Misspecification in Mean and Covariance Structure Models," Psychometrika, 54 (Spring), 409-25.

Ausubel, D. P. (1963), Cognitive Structure and the Facilitation of Meaningful Verbal Learning,Journal of Teacher Learning, 14, 217-221.

Bagozzi, Richard P. (1980a), "Performance and Satisfaction in an Industrial Sales Force: An Examination of their Antecedents and Simultaneity," Journal of Marketing, 44 (Spring), 65-77.

______(1980b), Causal Models in Marketing, New York: Wiley.

______(1981), "An Examination of the Validity of Two Models of Attitude," Multivariate Behavioral Research, 16 (July), 323-359.

______and Lynn W. Phillips (1982), "Representing and Testing Organizational Theories: A Holistic Construal," Administrative Science Quarterly, 27 (September), 459-489.

______(1984), "A Prospectus for Theory Construction in Marketing," Journal of Marketing, 48 (Winter), 11-29

______and Yi (1988), "On the Evaluation of Structural Equation Models," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16 (Spring), 74-94.

______and Hans Baumgartner (1994), The Evaluation of Structural Equation Models and Hypothesis Testing. In Principles of Marketing Research, R. Bagozzi ed., Cambridge MA: Blackwell, 386-422.

 2002 Robert A. Ping, Jr. 9/20/02 1

______and Todd F. Heatherton (1994), "A General Approach to Representing Multifaceted Personality Constructs: Application to Self Esteem," Structural Equation Modeling, 1 (1), 35-67.

Bentler, Peter M. (1985), Theory and Implications of EQS: A Structural Equations Program, BMDP Statistical Software: Los Angeles.

______(1989), EQS Structural Equations Program Manual, Los Angeles: BMDP Statistical Software.

______(1990), "Comparative Fit Indexes in Structural Models," Psychological Bulletin, 107 (March), 238-46.

Berry, William D. (1984), Nonrecursive Causal Models, Newbury Park, CA: SAGE Publications.

______(1993), Understanding Regression Assumptions, Newbury Park, CA: SAGE Publications.

Blalock, H. M., Jr. (1965), "Theory Building and the Concept of Interaction," American Sociological Review, 30, 374-81.

Bohrnstedt, G.W. and T.M. Carter (1971), "Robustness in Regression Analysis," in Sociological Methodology, H.L. Costner ed., San Francisco: Jossey-Bass 118-46.

Bollen, Kenneth A. (1989), Structural Equations with Latent Variables, New York: Wiley.

______and J. Scott Long (1993), Testing Structural Equation Models, Newbury Park, CA: SAGE Publications.

______(1995), "Structural Equation Models that are Nonlinear in Latent Variables: A Least Squares Estimator," Sociological Methodology, 25, 223-251.

Boomsma, Anne (1982), "The Robustness of LISREL Against Small Sample Sizes in Factor Analysis Models," in Systems Under Indirect Observation: Causality, Structure, Prediction (Part 1), K. G. Jöreskog and H. Wold eds., Amsterdam: North Holland.

Boyle, Brett, F. Robert Dwyer, Robert A. Robicheaux and James T. Simpson (1992), Influence Strategies in Marketing Channels: Measures and Use in Different Relationship Structures,Journal of Marketing Research, 29 (November), 462-73.

Browne, Michael W. (1982), "Covariance Structures," in Topics in Applied Multivariate Analysis, Douglas M. Hawkins ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

______and Robert Cudeck (1993), "Alternative Ways of Assessing Model Fit," in Testing Structural Equation Models, K. A. Bollen et al. eds, Newbury Park CA: SAGE Publications.

Burt, Ronald S. (1973), "Confirmatory Factor-analysis Structures and the Theory Construction Process," Sociological Methods and Research, 2, 131-187.

______(1976), "Interpretational Confounding of Unobserved Variables in Structural Equation Models," Sociological Methods and Research, 5 (August), 3-52.

Byrne, Barbara M. (1989), A Primer of LISREL: Basic Applications and Programming for Confirmatory Factor Analytic Models, New York: Springer-Verlag.

Busemeyer, Jerome R. and Lawrence E. Jones (1983), Analysis of Multiplicative Combination Rules When the Causal Variables are Measured With Error. Psychological Bulletin, 93 (May), 549-62.

 2002 Robert A. Ping, Jr. 9/20/02 1

Calder, Bobby J. (1977), Focus Groups and the Nature of Qualitative Marketing Research. Journal of Marketing Research, XIV (August), 353-364.

Campbell, Donald T. and Donald W. Fiske (1959), "Convergent and Discriminant Validation by the Multitrait-Multimethod Matrix," Psychological Bulletin, 56, 81-105.

______(1960), "Recommendations for APA Test Standards Regarding Construct, Trait and Discriminant Validity," American Psychologist, 15, 546-553.

Cattell, R. B. (1973), Personality and Mood by Questionnaire, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

______(1978), The Scientific use of Factor Analysis in Behavioral and Life Sciences, New Your: Plenum.

Cho, C. -P., P. M. Bentler, and A. Satorra (1991), Scaled Test Statistics and Robust Standard Errors for Non-Normal Data in Covariance Structure Analysis: A Monte Carlo Study," British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 44, 347-357.

Churchill, Gilbert A, Jr. (1979), "A Paradigm for Developing Better Measures of Marketing Constructs," Journal of Marketing Research, 16 (February), 64-73.

______and J. Paul Peter (1984), "Research Design Effects on the Reliability of Rating Scales: A Meta Analysis," Journal of Marketing Research, 21 (November), 360-75.

Cohen, Jacob (1968), "Multiple Regression as a General Data-Analytic System," Psychological Bulletin, 70, 426-43.

______and Patricia Cohen (1975), Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analyses for the Behavioral Sciences, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

______(1983), Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analyses for the Behavioral Sciences, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Converse, Paul D. (1945), "The Development of a Science of Marketing," Journal of Marketing, 10 (July), 14-23.

Cote, Joseph A. and M. Ronald Buckley (1987), "Estimating Trait, Method and Error Variance: Generalizing Across Seventy Construct Validation Studies," Journal of Marketing Research, 24 (August), 315-18.

______and M. Ronald Buckley (1988), "Measurement Error and Theory Testing in Consumer Research: An Illustration of the Importance of Construct Validation," Journal of Consumer Research, 14 (March), 579-82.

Cronbach, Lee J. (1951), "Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests," Psychometrika, 16 (September), 297-334.

______, G. C. Gleser, H. Nada, and N. Rajaratnam (1972), Dependability of Behavioral Measurements: Theory of Generalizability for Scores and Profiles. New York: Wiley.

Curry, James P., Douglas S. Wakefield, James L. Price, and Charles W. Mueller (1986), "On the Causal Ordering of Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment," Academy of Management Journal, 29 (December), 847-858.

Darden, William R., S. Michael Carlson and Ronald D. Hampton (1984), "Issues in Fitting Theoretical and Measurement Models in Marketing," Journal of Business Research, 12, 273-296.

Darlington, R. B. (1990), Regression and Linear Models, New York: McGraw-Hill.

Denters, Bas and Rob A. G. Van Puijenbroek (1989), "Conditional Regression Analysis," Quality and Quantity, 23 (February), 83-108.

 2002 Robert A. Ping, Jr. 9/20/02 1

DeVellis, Robert F. (1991), Scale Development: Theory and Applications, Newbury Park, CA: SAGE Publications.

Dillon, William R. (1986), "Building Consumer Behavior Models with Lisrel: Issues in Applications," in Perspectives on Methodology in Consumer Research, D. Brinberg and R. J. Lutz Eds., New York: Springer-Verlag.

______and Matthew Goldstein (1984), Multivariate Analysis: Methods and Applications, New York: Wiley.

______, Thomas J. Maden and Neil H. Firtle (1987), Marketing Research in a Marketing Environment. St. Louis: Times Mirror.

Duncan, O. D. (1975), Introduction to Structural Equation Models, New York: Academic Press.

Dwyer, F. Robert and Sejo Oh (1987), "Output Sector Munificence Effects on the Internal Political Economy of Marketing Channels," Journal of Marketing Research, 24 (November), 347358.

Dwyer, F. Robert, Paul H. Schurr, and Sejo Oh (1987), "Developing BuyerSeller Relationships," Journal of Marketing, 51 (April), 1127.

Efron, B. (1981), Nonparametric Estimates of Standard Error: The Jackknife, the Bootstrap, and other Resampling Methods. Biometrika, 68, 589-599.

Feucht, Thomas E. (1989), "Estimating Multiplicative Regression Terms in the Presence of Measurement Error," Sociological Methods and Research, 17 (February), 257-82.

Fishbein, M. and I. Ajzen (1975), Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior, Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley.

Fiske, Susan T. and Shelly E. Taylor (1991), Social Cognition, New York: McGraw Hill.

Fornell, Claes and David F. Larker (1981), "Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error," Journal of Marketing Research, 18 (February), 39-50.

______and Fred L. Bookstein (1982), "Two Structural Equation Models: LISREL and PLS Applied to Exit-Voice Theory," Journal of Marketing Research, 19 (November), 440-452.

Fraser, C. (1988), COSAN User's Guide, Centre for Behavioural Studies in Education, University of New England: Armidale, Australia.

Friedman, Milton (1953), The Methodology of Positive Economics, in Essays in Positive Economics, M. Friedman Ed., Chicago: U. of Chicago Press.

Freidrich, R. J. (1982), "In Defense of Multiplicative Terms in Multiple Regression Equations," American Journal of Political Science, 26, 797-833.

Gerbing, David W. and James C. Anderson (1984), "On the Meaning of Within-Factor Correlated Measurement Errors," Journal of Consumer Research, 11 (June), 572-580.

______and James C. Anderson (1988), "An Updated Paradigm for Scale Development Incorporating Unidimensionality and Its Assessment," Journal of Marketing Research, 25 (May), 186-92.

______and James C. Anderson (1993), "Monte Carlo Evaluations of Goodness-of-Fit Indices for Structural Equation Models," in Testing Structural Equation Models, K. A. Bollen and J. S. Long, eds., Newbury Park, CA: SAGE Publications.

 2002 Robert A. Ping, Jr. 9/20/02 1

______, Janet G. Hamilton and Elizabeth B. Freeman (1994), "A Large-scale Second-order Structural Equation Model of the Influence of Management Participation on Organizational Planning Benefits," Journal of Management, 20, 859-885.

Green, Samuel B, Robert W. Lissitz and Stanley A. Mulaik (1977), "Limitations of Coefficient Alpha as an Index of Test Unidimensionality," Educational and Psychological Measurement, 37 (October), 827-38.

Hair, Joseph F Jr., Rolph E. Anderson, Ronald L. Tatham, and William C. Black (1995), Multivariate Data Analysis, New York: Macmillan.

Hattie, J. (1985), "Methodology Review: Assessing Unidimensionality of Tests and Items," Applied Psychological Measurement, 9, 139-164.

Hayduk, Leslie A. (1987), Structural Equation Modeling with LISREL: Essential and Advances, Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press.

______(1996), LISREL Issues, Debates, and Strategies, Johns Hopkins Press: Baltimore.

Heeler, Roger M. and Michael L. Ray (1972), "Measure Validation in Marketing," Journal of Marketing Research, 9 (November), 361-70.

Heise, D. R. and G. W. Bohrnstedt (1970), "Validity, Invalidity and Reliability," in Sociological Methodology, E. F. Borgatta and G. W. Bohrnstedt eds., New York: Jossey Bass.

Heise, D. R. and L. Smith-Lovin (1981), "Impressions of Goodness, Powerfulness, and Liveliness from Discerned Social Events," Social Psychology Quarterly, 44, 93-106.

Heise, D.R. (1986), "Estimating Nonlinear Models Correcting for Measurement Error," Sociological Methods and Research, 14 (4), 447-472.

Herche, Joel and Brian Engelland (1996), Reversed-Polarity Items and Scale Unidimensionality. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 24 (Fall), 366-74.

Hochwarter, W.A., G.R. Ferris and P.L. Perrewe (2001), "A Note on the Nonlinearity of the Age-Job-Satisfaction Relationship," Journal of Applied Psychology, 31 (6) (June), 1223-37.

Hoelter, J. W. (1983), "The Analysis of Covariant Structures: Goodness of Fit Indices," Sociological Methods and Research, 11, 325-344.

Homans, G. C. (1961), Social Behavior: Its Elementary Forms, New York: Harcourt, Brace Jovanovich.

Howard, John A. (1989), Consumer Behavior in Marketing Strategy, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Hu, L., P. M. Bentler, and Y. Kano (1992), "Can Test Statistics in Covariance Structure Analysis be Trusted?" Psychologican Bulletin, 112, 351-362.

Hunt, Shelby D. (1976), Marketing Theory: Conceptual Foundations of Research in Marketing, Columbus OH: Grid.

Hunter, John Edward (1973), "Methods of Reordering the Correlation Matrix to Facilitate Visual Inspection and Preliminary Cluster Analysis," Journal of Educational Measurement, 10 (Spring), 51-61.

______and David W. Gerbing (1982), "Unidimensional Measurement, Second-Order Factor Analysis and Causal Models," in Research in Organizational Behavior, Vol. IV, Barry M. Staw and L. L. Cummings eds., Greenwich CT: JAI Press, 267-320.

Jaccard, James, Robert Turrisi and Choi K. Wan (1990), Interaction Effects in Multiple Regression, Newbury Park, CA: SAGE Publications.

 2002 Robert A. Ping, Jr. 9/20/02 1

______and C. K. Wan (1995), "Measurement Error in the Analysis of Interaction Effects Between Continuous Predictors Using Multiple Regression: Multiple Indicator and Structural Equation Approaches," Psychological Bulletin, 117 (2), 348-357.

James, Lawrence R. (1980), "The Unmeasured Variables Problem in Path Analysis," Journal of Applied Psychology, 65 (4), 415-421.

James, J. R., S. S. Mulaik, and J. M. Brett (1982), Causal Analysis, Beverly Hills: SAGE.

John, George (1984), "An Empirical Investigation of Some Antecedents of Opportunism in a Marketing Channel," Journal of Marketing Research, 21 (August), 278-89.

John, George and Barton Weitz (1989), "Salesforce Compensation: An Empirical Investigation of Factors Related to Use of Salary Versus Incentive Compensation," Journal of Marketing Research, XXVI (February) 1-14

Johnson, D. R. and J. C. Creech (1983), "Ordinal Measures in Multiple Indicators Models: A Simulation Study of Categorization Error," American Sociological Review, 48, 398-407.

Jöreskog, Karl G. (1970), "A General Method for Analysis of Covariance Structures," Biometrika, 57, 239-251.

______(1971), "Simultaneous Factor Analysis in Several Populations, Psychometrika, 57, 409-426.

______(1973), "A General Method for Estimating a Linear Structural Equation System," in Structural Equation Models in the Social Sciences, A.S. Goldberger and O.D. Duncan eds., New York: Seminar Press.

______(1990), " New Developments in LISREL: Analysis of Ordinal Variables using Polychoric Correlations and Weighted Least Squares," Quality and Quantity, 24, 387-404.

______(1994), "On the Estimation of Polychoric Correlations and their Asymptotic Covariance Matrix," Psychometrika, 59 (3), 381-389.

______(1993), "Testing Structural Equation Models," In Testing Structural Equation Models, Kenneth A. Bollen and J. Scott Long eds., Newbury Park, CA: SAGE Publications.

______and Dag Sörbom (1989), LISREL 7- A Guide to the Program and Applications, 2nd edn., Chicago: SPSS, Inc.

______and Dag Sörbom (1993), New Features in LISREL 8, Chicago: Scientific Software International, Inc.

______and Dag Sörbom (1996a), Prelis 2 Users Reference Guide, Chicago: Scientific Software International, Inc.

______and Dag Sörbom (1996b), Lisrel 8 Users Reference Guide, Chicago: Scientific Software International, Inc.

Jöreskog, Karl G. and F. Yang (1996), "Nonlinear Structural Equation Models: The Kenny and Judd Model with Interaction Effects," Advances in Structural Equation Modeling Techniques, G.A. Marcoulides, R.E. Schumacker, eds., Hillsdale, NJ: LEA.

Kenny, David (1979), Correlation and Causality, New York: Wiley.

______and Charles M. Judd (1984), "Estimating the Nonlinear and Interactive Effects of Latent Variables," Psychological Bulletin, 96 (July), 201-10.

______(1985), "Quantitative Methods for Social Psychology," in Handbook of Social Psychology, 3rd Ed., Vol. 1, G. Lindzey and E. Aronson eds., New York: Random House.

 2002 Robert A. Ping, Jr. 9/20/02 1

Kumar, Ajith and William R. Dillon (1987a), "The Interaction of Measurement and Structure in Simultaneous Equation Models with Unobservable Variables," Journal of Marketing Research, 24 (February), 98-105.

______and William R. Dillon (1987b), "Some Further Remarks on Measurement-Structure Interaction and the Unidimensionality of Constructs," Journal of Marketing Research, 24 (November), 438-44.

Lawley, D.N. and A.E. Maxwell (1971), Factor Analysis as a Statistical Method, London: Butterworth.

Lee, D. and S. Bae (1999), "Effects of Partitioned Country of Origin Information on Buyer Assessment of Binational Products," Advances in Consumer Research, 26, 344-51.

Lee, D and G. Ganesh (1999), "Effects of Partitioned Country Image in the Context of Brand Image and Familiarity-- A Categorization Theory Perspective," International Marketing Review, 16 (1), 18-39.

Long, J. Scott and Pravin K. Trivedi (1993), "Some Specification Tests for the Linear Regression Model," in Testing Structural Equation Models, K. Bollen and J. S. Long eds., Newbury Park, CA: SAGE Publications.

Lord, F. M. (1980), Applications of Item Response Theory to Practical Testing Problems, New York: Erlbaum.

______and M. R. Novick (1968), Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores, Reading, MA: Addison Wesley.

Machlup, F. (1967), Theories of the Firm: Marginalist, Behavioral, Managerial, American Economic Review, 57, 1-33.

Mardia, K.V. (1970), "Measures of Multivariate Skewness and Kurtosis with Applications," Biometrika, 57, 519-530.

Masterson, S.S. (2001), "A Trickle-down Model of Organizational Justice: Relating Employees' and Customers' Perceptions of and Reactions to Fairness," Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 86 (4) (August), 594-604.

McClelland, G. H. and C. M. Judd (1993), "Statistical Difficulties of Detecting Interactions and Moderator Effects," Psychological Bulletin, 114 (2), 376-390.

McDonald, R. P. (1981), "The Dimensionality of Tests and Items," British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 34, 100-117.

Muthen, Bengt (1984), "A General Structural Equation Model with Dichotomous, Ordered Categorical, and Continuous Latent Variable Indicators," Psychometrika, 49, 115-132.

Nagel, E. (1963), Assumptions in Economic Theory,American Economic Review, 53, 211-219.

Neter, John, William Wasserman and Michael H. Kunter (1985), Applied Linear Statistical Models, Homewood, IL: Irwin.

Netemeyer, Richard G., Mark W. Johnson and Scot Burton (1990), "Analysis of Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity in a Structural Equations Framework," Journal of Applied Psychology, 75 (2), 148-157.

Novick, M. R. and C. Lewis (1967), "Coefficient Alpha and the Reliability of Composite Measurements," Psychometrika, 32, 1-13.

Nunnally, Jum C. (1978), Psychometric Theory, 2nd Ed., New York: McGraw-Hill.

Olsson, U. (1979), "Maximum Likelihood Estimation of the Polychoric Correlation Coefficient," Psycholetrika, 44, 443-460.

 2002 Robert A. Ping, Jr. 9/20/02 1

Osterhuis, T.L. (1997), "Pro-social Consumer Influence Strategies: When and How Do They Work?" Journal of Marketing, (4) (October), 16-29.

Pedhazur, E.J. (1987), Multiple Regression in Behavioral Research, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

Peter, J. Paul (1979), "Reliability: A Review of Psychometric Basics and Recent Marketing Practices," Journal of Marketing Research, 16 (February), 6-17.

______(1981), "Construct Validity: A Review of Basic Issues and Marketing Practices," Journal of Marketing Research, 18 (May), 133-45.

______and Gilbert A. Churchill, Jr. (1986), "Relationships Among Research Designs Choices and Psychometric Properties of Rating Scales: A Meta Analysis," Journal of Marketing Research, 23 (February), 1-10.

Phillips, Lynn W. (1982), "Explaining Control Losses in Corporate Marketing Channels: An Organizational Analysis," Journal of Marketing Research, 19 (November), 525-49.

Pfeffer, Jeffrey (1982), Organizations and Organizational Theory, Cambridge, MA: Ballinger Publishing.

Ping, R. (1999), "Some Unexplored Antecedents of Exiting in a Marketing Channel," Journal of Retailing, 75 (2) (Summer), 218-241.

______(1998a), Some Suggestions for Validating Measures Involving Unobserved Variables and Survey Data. 1998 Winter American Marketing Association Educators Conference, Chicago: American Marketing Association.

______(1998b), Improving the Detection of Interactions in Selling and Sales Management Research. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Research, XVI (Winter), 53-64.

______(1993), "The Effects of Satisfaction and Structural Constraints on Retailer Exiting, Voice, Loyalty, Opportunism, and Neglect," Journal of Retailing, 69 (Fall), 320352.

______(1994), "Does Satisfaction Moderate the Association Between Alternative Attractiveness and Exit Intention in a Marketing Channel?" Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 22 (Fall), 364-71.

______(1995), "A Parsimonious Estimating Technique for Interaction and Quadratic Latent Variables," The Journal of Marketing Research, 32 (August), 336-347.

______(1996a), "Latent Variable Interaction and Quadratic Effect Estimation: A Two-Step Technique Using Structural Equation Analysis, The Psychological Bulletin, 119 (January), 166-175.

______(1996b), "Latent Variable Regression: A Technique for Estimating Interaction and Quadratic Coefficients," Multivariate Behavioral Research, 31 (1), 95-120.

______(1997a), "Voice in Business-to-Business Relationships: Cost-of-Exit and Demographic Antecedents," Journal of Retailing, 73 (Summer), 261-281.

______(1997b), "Estimating Interactions with Pseudo Latent Variable Regression," Rike Working Papers, Wright State University.

Podsakoff Philip M., William D. Tudor, Richard A. Grover and Vandra L. Huber (1984), "Situational Moderators of Leader Reward and Punishment Behaviors: Fact or Fiction?" Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 34, 21-63.

 2002 Robert A. Ping, Jr. 9/20/02 1

Porst, R. and K. Zeifang (1987), "A Description of the German General Social Survey test-retest Study and a Report on the stabilities of Sociodemographic Variables," Sociological Methods and Research, 15, 177-218.

Raven, B. H. and A. W. Kruglanski (1970), Conflict and Power, in The Structure of Conflict, P. Swingle ed., New York: Academic Press.