Name ______
Date ______Pd ______
The Cold War (1945-1991(
I. The end of World War II led to important changes in the world:
A. The United Nations was created which replaced the League of Nations
B. The UN created a Jewish nation called Israel which set off a series of wars with Arabs in the Middle East
C. The United States occupied & helped rebuild Japan
D. The end of the war inspired independence throughout Africa & Asia, called decolonization
II. The Beginning of the Cold War
A. One of the most important changes after World War II was the beginning of the ______
1. From 1945 to 1991, the ______& ______entered an era of distrust & hostility known as the Cold War
2. The United States & Soviet Union were ______& rivals who dominated world politics
B. Cold War Ideologies
United States / Letter? / Soviet Union / Letter?Capitalism
• Private ownership of industry, freedom of competition, gov’t keeps hands off (laissez-faire)
• Leads to different economic classes (rich and poor) / Socialism
• Gov’t owns industries and farms; The goal of the gov’t is to bring equality to people
• The goal is to have a classless society with no rich or poor
Democracy
• Government of the people
• People elect their leaders
/ Totalitarianism
• Government led by a dictator
• Total control over many aspects of peoples’ lives
Freedom
• Valuing freedoms of speech, press, and business
/ Equality
• Valuing basic needs (food, homes jobs) for all people
Individualism
• People need to do things on their own
• Competition is a good thing; The best individuals have more power, status, money / Collectivism
• People need to work together to benefit everyone
• Everyone works the same amount and every gains the same benefits
1. This was an era of competing ideologies: the USA promoted ______& ______while the USSR tried to spread ______
2. The different ideologies between USA & USSR and their desires to ______led to an era of ______, hostility, proxy battles, & near ______
C. Causes of the Cold War
1. In 1917, ______led the ______in the Russian Revolution & created the world’s first communist gov’t
2. Distrust began when the USA sent troops to fight the “______” during the Russian Civil War
3. After Lenin’s death in 1924, ______became ______of the Soviet Union
4. During WWII, the USA & USSR worked together to defeat the ______, but…World War II increased ______between the USA and USSR
a. Stalin never ______the Britain or the USA during World War II
b. The ______gave the USA a monopoly on nuclear weapon technology
III. The Cold War in Europe, 1945-1949
A. Soviet Satellites in Eastern Europe
1. At the ______Conference, Stalin agreed to allow ______in Eastern Europe
2. But, Stalin wanted a “______” between the USSR & the ______nations in Western Europe
3. Stalin used his military to install ______gov’ts in ______European nations
4. As a result, Eastern European nations turned communist & became ______: nations that were ______by the USSR
5. In the years after World War II, the USA began to view Stalin as a new ______—a dangerous dictator who wanted to ______the world
B. By 1946, Europe was divided by an “______” that separated democratic/capitalist Western Europe from ______/______Eastern Europe
C. The U.S. created a foreign policy called ______to stop Soviet influence & the ______
1. Truman Doctrine
a. When the USSR began to pressure ______& ______to turn communist, the U.S. created the ______, promising economic & ______help to any nation threatened by communism
b. The Truman Doctrine ______& neither Greece nor Turkey fell to communism
2. Marshall Plan
a. European nations had difficulty ______after WWII which led to fears of communism in Europe
b. The U.S. created the ______which offered $______billion to help ______post-war Europe
c. By 1952, Western Europe ______& Communism never took root
3. NATO
a. In 1948, the USSR used ______to turn Czechoslovakia to communism; This led to fears that Stalin would use similar tactics in ______Europe
b. In 1949, the United States formed the ______(NATO): a ______among democratic countries in Europe & North America
4. Berlin Airlift
a. At the end of WWII, Germany was ______into zones occupied by the USA, Britain, France, & the USSR
b. ______, the German capital, was also divided but was located in the ______
c. In 1948, Stalin tried to turn all of Berlin communist & ordered the ______which ______all ground transportation to West Berlin
d. In response, the U.S. began the ______
i. For ______months, U.S. & British ______supplies landed in Berlin to bring food, fuel, & supplies
ii. Stalin admitted defeat & lifted the ______in 1949
iii. The United States ______kept West Berlin from turning communist
D. The Cold War Expands
1. From 1945 to 1949, the United States successfully ______in Europe
2. But over the next 40 years, the Cold War ______as communism spread to ______, Africa, and Latin America
3. The Cold War intensified as new ______were introduced; espionage (spying ) increased; & ______broke out in ______, ______, & Afghanistan