Chapter 14: The Doctrines of Human Nature, Sin, and Grace
Quiz questions:
1. Tertullian and Origen drew a distinction between being made in the image of God and the ________ of God.
2. Grace that prepares the human will for conversion is also called ________ grace.
3. Unlike Augustine, Melanchthon’s understanding of justification drove a wedge between justification and ________.
4. Augustine’s belief that God must be free to give or withhold grace led to the doctrine of ________.
5. Augustine’s idea of “seed-bearing reasons” underlie the development of ________ as a theological response to Darwinism.
Multiple-choice questions:
1) Traces of Augustine’s doctrine of original sin can be found in the Greek patristic tradition in all of the following ways except in the belief that:
a. all humanity somehow shares in Adam’s disobedience
b. infants are born in a state of sinfulness because of Adam’s fall
c. human nature is predisposed to sin because of Adam’s sin
d. the fall of Adam affects human moral nature
2) Augustine argued that human free will
a. doesn’t exist
b. is truly free and unbiased toward either good or evil
c. is naturally inclined toward the good
d. has been bent toward evil
3) For Pelagius, grace can be described in the following two ways:
a. the free gift of a merciful God
b. the power that assists human beings to perform good works
c. the natural human faculties
d. the Ten Commandments and other laws
4) For Augustine, good works are
a. the result of God’s healing and renewing work in fallen human nature
b. the basis for God’s justification
c. the true mark of the elect
d. assurance of one’s salvation
5) For Augustine, grace that operates within human nature after conversion is
a. prevenient grace
b. habitual grace
c. cooperative grace
d. operative grace
6) The idea that God determines the meritorious value of a human action (known as the voluntarist approach) was adopted by
a. Thomas Aquinas
b. William of Ockham
c. Augustine
d. Martin Luther
7) For Martin Luther, the righteousness of God
a. is a righteousness given by God to sinners
b. emphasizes the distinction between a holy God and sinful humanity
c. is a punishing righteousness that condemns human sin
d. is infused into sinners, erasing their sin and making them holy
8) The concept of a Christian as “at one and the same time righteous and a sinner” is that of
a. Philip Melanchthon
b. Martin Luther
c. John Calvin
d. Augustine
9) Melanchton’s doctrine of “forensic justification” means that
a. justification is the both the event of being declared righteous and the process of being made righteous
b. humanity is judged and discovered to be guilty
c. justification is granted to the sinner on the basis of their good works
d. justifying righteousness is the event of a sinner being declared righteous
10) For John Calvin, justification and regeneration are
a. two fundamentally different events, one achieved by God and the other by human effort
b. simultaneous and indistinguishable events
c. both the result of the believer’s union with Christ through faith
d. achievable through the exercise of the God-given natural faculties such as reason
11) The Council of Trent strongly disagreed with Luther’s view that
a. the Christian life begins through faith
b. justification imputes righteousness to the sinner, while regeneration alters the sinner’s inner nature
c. justification is the process of renewal within human nature
d. nobody can ever be fully certain of their salvation
12) The argument that human freedom is not contradicted by divine predestination was the position of
a. the Molinist school
b. the Council of Trent
c. Jansenism
d. Five Point Calvinism
13) Which of the following is a feature of Five Point Calvinism?
a. the innate goodness of human nature
b. the idea that Christ died for all humanity, but that only some choose to believe
c. the irresistibility of grace
d. the election of the saints based on their good works
14) For Karl Barth, the concept of election focuses on
a. the election of all humanity
b. the election of the saints and the damnation of the unrighteous
c. the balance between human free will and the sovereignty of God
d. the election of Jesus Christ
15) The “Weber thesis” is that
a. evolution and creation are compatible with one another
b. the doctrine of predestination led naturally to the development of socialism
c. Calvinism created the psychological impulses that were essential to the development of modern capitalism
d. capitalism is the direct result of the Protestant Reformation
Wiley-Blackwell 2010