1.2 Biologically Important Molecules
(1.1)Identify the 4 groups of organic compounds and their characteristics- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Lipids
- Nucleic acids
(1.1)For carbohydrates, you need to;
- know the monomer structure of glucose (ie: draw it or identify it in a model)
- know the monomer is a saccharide and these saccharides make polymers.
- identify functional groups in the glucose.
- explain what disaccharides and polysaccharides are with examples.
- explain isomers.
- know that monomers are held by glycosidic linkages.
- draw diagrams and explain condensation & hydrolysis reactions to join monomers (ie: 2 glucose).
(1.1)For lipids, you need to;
- know the monomer structure of triglyceride (ie: glycerol + 3 fatty acids)
- draw the monomer and identify it in a model.
- know that the monomer cannot form a polymer.
- know that the lipid has a non-polar fatty acid region and , in the case of a phospholipid, a polar phosphate group in place of one fatty acid chain.
- know the functional groups on fatty acids and glycerol.
- compare steroids to lipids.
- draw diagrams and explain condensation & hydrolysis reactions to join molecules together (ie: glycerol and a fatty acid).
(1.2) For proteins, you need to;
- know that the monomer is amino acid.
- know there are 20 different amino acids and the basic structure is an amine group, a carboxyl group and a side “R” group along with a H atom. It is the R group that will determine the type of amino acid.
- know there are essential and non-essential amino acids.
- know how these monomers can attach using peptide bonds to form polymers called polypeptides. The polypeptides can fold by attaching the R groups together (ie: the R groups are polar, non-polar, electrically charged, etc.) to form secondary and tertiary structures. You can then attach different polypeptides to form a quaternary structure.
- know that the polypeptide is the primary structure.
- the shape that the protein forms will determine what it will act upon.
- draw diagrams and explain condensation & hydrolysis reactions to join monomers (ie: 2 amino acids).
1. Create a graphic organizer to explain and summarize the information in section 1.2 for the following characteristics of the 4 main organic molecules groups (macromolecules) in biology.
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Nucleic acids
Your graphic organizer should have the following headings.
- Name of the macromolecular group
- Structure of the Macromolecule (ie; Which elements are in the macromolecule, is it a Polymer or not, what are the names of the polymers, what are the monomers in the polymers, etc.)
- Examples of the Macromolecules (ie;explainmono-, di- and polysaccharides in carbohydrates, explain triglycerides and phospholipids in lipids, explain primary, secondary, tertiary & quaternary structures in proteins, )
2.Complete Activity 1.2 Modelling Biological Molecules on p. 29 by completing the procedure and answering question #1 under Questions.