World History Final Project
Exam Review Book
This will count as 2 Test Grades. You may write/type the answers using your textbook, class notes, or reliable online sources. Check the items off the list as you complete them. Each page must have illustrations to represent each topic.
Page 1: Cover - Includes title “World History Review Book” (Including illustration)
Page 2: Table of Contents--This should reflect information you have gathered
Unit 1: FOUNDATIONS OF CIVILIZATION
Page 3: List the 8 basic features of early civilization and describe each
Page 4: List and describe all the achievements of ancient Sumer
Page 5: Explain how the Nile River was critical to trade and life in ancient Egypt
Unit 2: ANCIENT GREECE
Page 6: Compare the city-states of Athens and Sparta w/ examples (Can be in T-chart format)
Page 7: Explain the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars. Include participants, reasons for war, and the winner
Page 8: What 2 Greek epic poems were written by Homer and what was the storyline of each?
Unit 3: ANCIENT ROME
Page 9: Define the republic form of government. List the political offices of the republic of Rome, including the term lengths of each position, and who they represented
Page 10: Create a flowchart of the rise of the Roman Empire
Page 11: Explain events and causes of the fall of the Roman Empire
Unit 4: MEDIEVAL TIMES & THE MIDDLE AGES
Page 12: Create a diagram/chart/table to explain feudalism and the manor economy
Page 13: Describe the economic and political power of the Church in the Dark Ages
Page 14: Who fought in the Crusades and what was that series of wars fought over?
Page 15: What goals were accomplished by the Magna Carta?
Unit 5: AFRICA: KINGDOMS, TRADE, SLAVERY
Page 16: List the major trade items of Africa
Page 17: Define Columbian Exchange and create a graph or chart that explains the positive and negative effects of the Columbian Exchange
Page 18: Create a graph or map that describes the Triangular Trade Route & Slavery
Unit 6: RENAISSANCE & REFORMATION
Page 19: Diagram the causes & effects of the Protestant Reformation
Page 20: Name three scientists from the scientific revolution & their major accomplishments. How did these discoveries affect society long term?
Unit 7: AGE OF ABSOLUTISM
Page 21: Name three monarchs along with their countries, from the Age of Absolutism & describe how they asserted absolute power
Unit 8: ENLIGHTENMENT & REVOLUTION
Page 22: Create a bubble map of which ideas from the Enlightenment influenced early American government along with the thinker who published the ideas
Page 23: Explain the main ideas of the Declaration of Independence
Unit 9: French Revolution
Page 24: Diagram the causes and effects of the French Revolution (Short term & Long Term)
Unit 10: Industrial Revolution
Page 25: Explain the reasons why the Industrial Revolution began in Britain
Page 26: Create a diagram that shows the effects of the Industrial Revolution on society
Unit 11: WWI
Page 27: Explain the causes and effects of WWI (Short term & Long term)
Page 28: Create a timeline of major events of WWI (Start date-end date, Lusitania attack, US Entry, armistice, end of war treaty)
Unit 12: WWII
Page 29: Chart the Allied & Axis powers of WWII
Page 30: Explain the policy of appeasement as it applies to WWII
Discussion Questions:
1. Explain how one agricultural and one technological improvement changed daily life in Europe during the industrial and agricultural revolutions.
2. The Enlightenment was an intellectual, cultural, social, and philosophical
movement that spread through Europe during the sixteenth century. Explain two
effects of the Enlightenment on the world.
3. Twentieth-Century International Crises
• Berlin Blockade • Korean War• Hungarian Revolt
• Cuban Missile Crisis• Iranian Revolt• OPEC Oil Crisis
Choose a twentieth-century international crisis from the above list. Analyze the
crisis and explain two specific effects it had on international politics
ANSWER KEY
World History Review Book
Name:______
Class/Period:______
Table of Contents
Page 3- UNIT 1: Foundations of Civ.Page 4- UNIT 2: Greece
Page 5- UNIT 3: Rome
Page 6- UNIT 4: Medieval Times
Page 7- UNIT 5: Renaissance & Reformation
Page 8- UNIT 6: Absolutism
Page 9-UNIT 7: Enlightenment & Revolution
Page 10- UNIT 8: French Revolution
Page 11- UNIT 9: Industrial Revolution
Page 12- UNIT 10: WWI
Page 13- Discussion Questions
Unit 1: FOUNDATIONS OF CIVILIZATION
Page 3: List the 8 basic features of early civilization and describe each
○Cities: Population centers are notably larger and more organized that towns or villages and that support the other features of civilizations
○Organized Governments: Structure governments that coordinate large-scale projects such as food production or construction, establish laws, and organize defense systems
○Complex Religions: Systems of religious beliefs that usually included rituals and worship of one or more gods and/or goddesses
○Job Specialization: System in which there are different types of jobs and each worker focuses on one particular type
○Social Classes: Ranked groups within society that are determined by job or economic standing
○Arts & Architecture:Various types of artwork and buildings that express the talents, beliefs, and values, of people in a society
○Public Works: Large-scale and often costly projects that benefit the city and its people
○Writing: Structure writing systems used initially by governments or religious leaders to record important information
Page 4: List and describe all the achievements of ancient Sumer
●Organized floods of rivers Tigris & Euphrates for irrigation of farmland & to improve trade
●Built thriving cities using clay mud bricks to buildings, trade improved these cities
●Created distinct social hierarchies to classify rulers, priests, merchants, artisans, farmers & slaves
●Built religious temples called ziggurats
●Invented cuneiform writing
●Studied mathematics and astronomy & created a unit of time based on 6
Page 5: Explain how the Nile River was critical to trade and life in ancient Egypt
●Without the Nile River Egypt would be a forgotten desert. Farming depended on fertile soil from the Nile River region and the two kingdoms in the region were united by the Nile through trade. The Egyptians would control the annual floods of the river by building dams and irrigation ditches.
Unit 2: ANCIENT GREECE
Page 6: Compare the city-states of Athens and Sparta w/ examples (Can be in T-chart format)
Athens / Sparta●Merchants, farmers, artisans demand govt change
●Athens=democracy-> the people rule
●Encouraged exports & trade
●Tyrants took power by force & many helped farmers save land
●Legislature =law making body made up of all male citizens
●women= second to men & had no govt rights, held religious power
●focused on art, music, education / ●Govt= 2 kings + council of elders
●citizens=males 30+years, native Spartans
●Physically conditioned & trained for military service beginning @ age 7
●disciplined warrior society
●women expected to bear healthy males, required to exercise
○held responsibilities when husband away @ war
●Ignored travel, trade, art
Page 7: Explain the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars. Include participants, reasons for war, and the winner
WAR / Participants / Reason / WinnerPersian War / (Athens+Sparta)Greek city-states vs. Persia / Stop spread of Persian empire / Greek City-States(Athens)
Peloponnesian War / Athens vs. Sparta+Persia / Resentment of Athenian domination & disagreement on form of govt / Sparta & allies(Persia)
Page 8: What 2 Greek epic poems were written by Homer and what was the storyline of each?
Illiad : About Achilles fighting in Trojan War & shows heroism in the face of adversity
Odyssey: struggles of Odysseus during the Trojan War & how he overcame them
Unit 3: ANCIENT ROME
Page 9: Define the republic form of government. List the political offices of the republic of Rome, including the term lengths of each position, and who they represented
Republic: Representative form of government
Senate: patricians, served life termsConsuls: patricians, elected to supervise for 2 years
Dictators: patricians, elected by Senate in war timeTribunes: plebeians, elected for 1 year
Page 10: Create a flowchart of the rise of the Roman Empire
Page 11: Explain events and causes of the fall of the Roman Empire:
●Political violence & corruption= emperors were often overthrown & killed. Political violence & unstable leadership, continues to become more authoritarian & oppressive
●Social & Economic problems= farmland lost ability to produce good crops, gap between rich & poor grew because poor farmers depended on wealthy businessmen & estates to avoid debt
●Diocletian divides empire into 2 parts= fixed prices to avoid inflation (sudden rise in prices)
●Huns invaded Roman borders and attacked Roman cities
●Mercenaries hired to guard borders= did not show loyalty to Rome
●Heavy taxes imposed to pay for useless mercenaries--> economic failure
●Finally defeated by invading Germanic tribes
Unit 4: MEDIEVAL TIMES & THE MIDDLE AGES
Page 12: Create a diagram/chart/table to explain feudalism & the manor economy
Feudalism / The Manor Economy●Feudalism: a loosely organized system of rule in which powerful local lords divided their landholdings among lesser lords in exchange for service & loyalty
●Vassals bound by a feudal contract to fief (land), pledged military service to lords
●Fiefs included peasants to work the land
/ ●Manor: Lord’s Estate
●Serfs: Peasants who worked the manor, bound to land couldn’t leave w/o permission
○Serfs would work lord’s land 4 days per week & their own land the other days
●Manor= self-sufficient, grew or made/produced everything they needed (crops, food, tools, clothing, furniture, etc)
Page 13: Describe the economic & political power of the Church in the Dark Ages.
Church dominated medieval life, became the center of social & religious life in villages. Church power grew when Church hierarchy controlled both the spiritual & secular (worldly) force in Medieval Europe. Church officials claimed authority over land and ruled over it like nobles of the king. Church leaders claimed papal supremacy which granted them authority over all secular rulers including kings and emperors. Since the Church leaders also held land, they could charge fees and collect money for the land which gave them economic powers. The Church also established a set of rules called canon law with its own court system and punishments based on religious teachings. This gave the Church political power since they had the ability to excommunicate (condemned to hell) people & the king, as well as the power of interdict that excommunicated the whole kingdom until the king gave into the pope’s demands.
Page 14: Who fought in the Crusades and what was the series of wars fought over?
Christians vs. Muslims fighting over control of the Holy Land of Jerusalem
Page 15:What goals were accomplished by the Magna Carta?
1.Limited the power of the king4. Est. due process of law
2.Granted rights to nobles & citizens5. Est. habeas corpus
3.Set up Parliament
Unit 5: RENAISSANCE & REFORMATION
Page 16: Diagram the causes & effects of the Protestant Reformation
CAUSES / EFFECTS●Church became more worldly (secular)
●Martin Luther posts 95 Theses
●Printing press spread reform ideas
●Kings, leaders, & people began to question Church authority & wealth
●Luther, Calvin, & other preach against Church / ●People revolt
●Religious wars begin
●Other Christian religious denominations begin & grow
●Weakening of HRE
Page 17: Name 3 scientists from the scientific revolution & their major accomplishments. How did these discoveries affect society long term?
Scientist / Discovery / Impact on SocietyNicolaus Copernicus / Heliocentric view of universe / Challenged religious teachings
Tycho Brahe & Johannes Kepler / observatory, planetary orbit= supported Copernicus / Caused people to question religious authority
Galileo Galilei / Developed telescope; confirmed Copernicus’ theories / Contradicted ancient views, paved the way for careers in science
Francis Bacon / Developed Scientific Method / Led the way for future scientific discoveries & technology
Isaac Newton / Defined laws of gravity & motion / Paved the way for future scientific discoveries
Robert Boyle / Revolutionized field of modern chemistry / Changed chemistry & careers in medicine & pharmacy
Unit 6: AGE OF ABSOLUTISM
Page 18: Name three monarchs along with their countries, from the Age of Absolutism & describe how they asserted absolute power.
RULER / COUNTRY / POWERPhilip II / Spain / Claimed divine right & head of Roman Catholic Church to build a Catholic Empire; strengthened military in order to attack England
Louis XIV / France / Refused to meet with Estates General (no check on power), “I am the State” “Sun King”, built palace of Versailles to show wealth & power, hired intendants to create a bureaucracy
Henry VIII / England / Broke with Roman Catholic Church and create the Church of England to obtain a divorce, but consulted with Parliament
James I / England / Claimed divine right, would not work with parliament,would not obey budget, clashed with Puritan dissenters
Charles I / England / Imprisoned people w/o trial, refused to work with Parliament, ignored Petition of Right
James II / England / Appointed Catholics to office, forced to flee
Peter the Great / Russia / enforced Westernization (shaved beards, changed clothes, gender mingling at social gatherings, updated military technology & tactics, gained territory--> new capital at St. Petersburg
Catherine the Great / Russia / Reinforced serfdom, expanded borders--> gained warm water port, created universal education
UNIT 7: ENLIGHTENMENT & REVOLUTION
Page 19: Create a bubble map of which ideas from the Enlightenment influenced early American government along with the thinker who published the ideas.
Unit 8: French Revolution
Page 21: Diagram the causes and effects of the French Revolution (Short term & Long Term)
French Revolution
Long Term Causes / Immediate CausesCorrupt & inconsistent leadership
Third estate resentment towards the privileges of the first & second estates
Spread of Enlightenment ideas / Economic struggles, govt debt, poor harvests--> food shortages
Failures of Louis XVI to accept financial reform
Creation of National Assembly
Storming the Bastille (prison looking for weapons)
French / Revolution
Immediate Effects
Declaration of Rights of Man & Citizen
Written Constitution
Monarchy abolished (king & queen executed)
Reign of Terror (Robespierre executions) / Long Term Effects
Napoleon gains power
Napoleonic Code of Laws
French Nationalism spreads
Stability restored in Europe
Unit 9: Industrial Revolution
Page 22: Explain the reasons why the Industrial Revolution began in Britain
●Natural Resources: Rivers & ports, Coal supply, Iron supply
●Ready workforce
●Stable government
●Prosperous economy
●Availability of capital (money)
Page 23: Create a diagram that shows the effects of the Industrial Revolution on society
Unit 10: WWI
Page 24: Explain the causes and effects of WWI (Short term & Long term)
CAUSES / EFFECTS●M.A.I.N
●Rivalries among European powers
●European alliances
●Militarism/Arms Race
●Nationalism
●Austria-Hungary colonized Bosnia
●Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
●Germany invaded Belgium / ●Financial costs of war/damage to property
●Creation of new nations of Europe
●Germany pays reparations (money) & loses colonies
●War debt--> hurts economy
●League of Nations created
●US & Japan= Major world powers
●Bitterness in Germany= led to WWII
Page 25: Create a timeline of major events of WWI (Start date-end date, Lusitania attack, US Entry, armistice, end of war treaty)
Discussion Questions:
1. Explain how one agricultural and one technological improvement changed daily life in Europe during the industrial and agricultural revolutions.
AGRITECH
PlowCotton Gin
Seed DrillSpinning Jenny & power loom
Mechanical reaperFactories & Industries
Steam Engine--> steam boats, trains & railroad-->transportation & trade
*Makes everything easier, quicker, cheaper*
2. The Enlightenment was an intellectual, cultural, social, and philosophical
movement that spread through Europe during the sixteenth century. Explain two
effects of the Enlightenment on the world.
Enlightenment Ideas
➢Natural Rights: Life, liberty, pursuit of happiness--> Declaration of Independence
➢Separation of Powers-->Gov’t branches
➢Checks & balances: limits to powers of 3 branches
3. Twentieth-Century International Crises
• Berlin Blockade • Korean War• Hungarian Revolt
• Cuban Missile Crisis• Iranian Revolt• OPEC Oil Crisis
Choose a twentieth-century international crisis from the above list. Analyze the
crisis and explain two specific effects it had on international politics
Berlin Blockade: Soviet Union blocked railroad access to parts of Germany in 1948. The city of Berlin was divided into Communist (West) and Free (East). This remained that way throughout the Cold War until the Berlin wall came down in 1989.
Korean War: Conflict during the Cold War after North Korea invaded South Korea. Nearly got the US and Russia into a heated battle during the Cold War.
Hungarian Revolt: people of Hungary rebelled and revolted against Soviet policies and were then crushed by Soviet forces
Cuban Missile Crisis: Cold war came close to nuclear conflict. The Soviet Union had missiles all over Eastern Europe. The Soviet Union had an agreement to have nuclear weapons in Cuba aimed at the United States. President John F. Kennedy and the United Nations reached an agreement with Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev.