Vocabulary Card Match

Chapter 11 Lessons 1-2

velocity / The speed and direction of a moving object.
force / A push or pull.
acceleration / Any change in the speed or direction of a
moving object.
Inertia
/ The tendency of an object to remain in
motion or to stay at rest unless acted upon
by an outside force.
Friction / A force between surfaces that slows objects
down or stops them from moving.
balanced forces / Forces that cancel each other out when
acting together on a single object.
Speed / The distance an object moves in an amount of time.
Gravity / A force that acts over a distance and pulls all objects together.
Unbalanced forces / Forces that are not equal to each other.
Newton
This empty backpack
weighs 5 N. / A metric unit for weight measuring an amount of force

Lessons 1-2 Notes

  • A force is a push or pull that can make an object move.
  • Some forces are balanced and others are unbalanced.
  • The amount of force you use to move an object depends on its mass.The more mass something has, the more force you have to use to make it move.
  • All objects with motion have SPEED.
  • SPEED is the measure of how fast something moves over a certain distance.
  • Gravity is the force that pulls two objects together and pulls us toward the Earth.
  • Your weight is a measure of the force of gravity on Earth.
  • Your weight on the moon is six times less than on Earth, because the moon has less gravity.
  • Friction slows down or stops objects that are in motion.
  • A rough surface produces more friction than a smooth surface.

Chapter 11 Lesson 3

work / The use of force to move an object a certain
distance.
energy / The ability to do work.
kinetic energy / The energy an object has because it is
moving.
potential energy / The energy that is stored inside an object.

Lesson 3 Notes

  • Energy is the ability to do work.
  • Potential energy is energy that an object has and is just about ready to use. Example: Sitting at the top of a slide. (potential energy because when you push or pull yourself forward, you will then be in motion.)
  • Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. Example: a soccer ball that is kicked has kinetic energy when it’s in motion.
  • Nine forms of energy we discussed are mechanical, electrical, chemical, sound, light, solar, heat, hydro, and wind.
  • Energy can be converted, transformed, or transferred from one form of energy to another. Example: Toaster ovens- convert electrical energy to heat energy.
  • Work is done when an object is moved. If the object does not move no work has been done despite the effort you might have put into trying to move the object.
  • Work involves all of these: force, movement and distance.

Chapter 11 Lesson 4

simple machine / Anything that has few parts and makes it
easier to do a task.
Load / The object being lifted or moved by amachine.
compound machine
/ A combination of two or more simple
machines.


Inclined Plane / An inclined planeis a flat surface that is higher on one end than the other. It makes moving heavy items easier.
Wheel and Axel / A wheel and axleis made of a wheel attached to a rod.It makes things roll.

Wedge / A wedgehas slanted sides. A nail is a wedge.The slanted sides make it easier to pound the nail into wood.

Lever / A levermakes it easier to lift something that is tight or heavy. The lever is a flat surface that uses a fulcrum to lift.

Pulley / A pulleyuses a rope and a wheel.It makes is easier to raise things up to a higher area.

Screw / A screwholds materials together.It is an inclined plane wrapped around a rod.

Lesson 4 Notes

  • Simple machines are machines with one or two parts that are used to make work easier.
  • Examples of simple machines include: lever, inclined plane, wheel and axle, wedge, pulley and screw.
  • Compound machines are made up of two or more simple machines. Examples: hand mower, bicycle.