LHS Academic Biology Name: Block:
Mr. Zahm & Mrs. Meyers Date:
Vocabulary #7 (Unit 2 – Cell Reproduction)
Somatic Cells
- Body cells; any cell that is not a sex cell (egg or sperm)
- Muscle cells, Nerve cells, Skin Cells, Heart cells
Gametes (sex cells)
- Reproductive cells: egg and sperm
- Female mammals usually ovulate (make an egg available) once a month from their ovaries
- Male mammals produce sperm in the testes
Cell Cycle
- The stages of life for a cell; includes Interphase, Mitosis, & Cytokinesis
- All living things have a life cycle – they are born, grow, develop, and die
Interphase
- Stage in Cell Life Cycle when cell grows
- Majority (most) of cell life cycle is spent in interphase.
Diploid
- Having both copies of an organism’s DNA (its chromosomes);
- “di” means two
Haploid
- Having half of the two copies of an organism’s DNA (its chromosomes);
- think Hap = Half
Asexual
- Reproduction in which 2 parents produce a unique offspring
- Your somatic cells (body cells) and sex cells (eggs/sperm) are both made this way
Sexual
- Reproduction in which 1 organism or cell copies itself and splits in to two new organisms
- The new organisms are clones of the original
- New cells are called “daughter cells”
Chromatin
- During interphase (when cells grow) all DNA is unwound.
- It looks like a bowl of spaghetti (or pile of thread)
- Your DNA is where your “genes” are located
Chromosome
- During Mitosis & Cytokinesis, your DNA is wound up in to 46 pieces of DNA called “chromosomes”
- Each pair of chromosomes looks like an “X”
- You have 23 pairs of chromosomes
- Your DNA is where your “genes” are located
Chromatid
- A chromatid is ½ of a chromosome pair
- Each parent gives one to its offspring
Centromere
- The place where a pair of chromosomes (sister chromatids) bind together during Mitosis
- It holds the chromosome pair together
Pictures
Body cells Gametes Cell Cycle
Interphase Haploid Diploid Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction Chromatin Chromosome
& Centromere