Vegetation History and Archaeobotany

Multi-profile fine-resolution palynological and micro-charcoal analyses at Esklets, North York Moors, UK, with special reference to the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition

Bruce Albert1, James Innes2

1 Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech Life Sciences University, 961/129 Kamýcká, 165 00 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic

2 Geography Department, Durham University, Science Labs, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK

ESM Table 1. Age-depth model data for Esklets 1

Parameter / Name / Type / Depth (cm) / cal BC / 1 sigma deviationi / lower limit / upper limit / Age (BP)
t6 / Poz-38389 / R_Date / 63 / -4077.87 / 78.0545 / -4344.5 / -3779.5 / -6027.87
t7 / Top / Boundary / 63 / -4077.87 / 78.0545 / -4344.5 / -3779.5 / -6027.87
t26 / depthModel / Event / 64 / -4295.83 / 230.211 / -6064.5 / -3779.5 / -6245.83
t25 / depthModel / Event / 65 / -4514.99 / 293.775 / -6064.5 / -3779.5 / -6464.99
t24 / depthModel / Event / 66 / -4735.52 / 325.911 / -6064.5 / -3779.5 / -6685.52
t23 / depthModel / Event / 67 / -4955.31 / 335.095 / -6064.5 / -3779.5 / -6905.31
t22 / depthModel / Event / 68 / -5174.84 / 324.483 / -6064.5 / -3779.5 / -7124.84
t21 / depthModel / Event / 69 / -5392.68 / 290.259 / -6064.5 / -3779.5 / -7342.68
t20 / depthModel / Event / 70 / -5613.62 / 223.845 / -6064.5 / -3779.5 / -7563.62
t5 / Poz-38390 / R_Date / 71 / -5831.63 / 53.0199 / -6064.5 / -5624.5 / -7781.63
t19 / depthModel / Event / 72 / -5937.39 / 112.681 / -7044.5 / -5624.5 / -7887.39
t18 / depthModel / Event / 73 / -6044.21 / 138.177 / -7044.5 / -5624.5 / -7994.21
t17 / depthModel / Event / 74 / -6149.37 / 146.894 / -7044.5 / -5624.5 / -8099.37
t16 / depthModel / Event / 75 / -6255.57 / 143.671 / -7044.5 / -5624.5 / -8205.57
t15 / depthModel / Event / 76 / -6361.07 / 126.935 / -7044.5 / -5624.5 / -8311.07
t14 / depthModel / Event / 77 / -6466.59 / 89.1937 / -7044.5 / -5624.5 / -8416.59
t4 / Beta-277101 / R_Date / 77.5 / -6519.54 / 50.987 / -7044.5 / -6214.5 / -8469.54
t13 / depthModel / Event / 78 / -6570.34 / 86.8812 / -7529.5 / -6214.5 / -8520.34
t12 / depthModel / Event / 79 / -6669.08 / 121.808 / -7529.5 / -6214.5 / -8619.08
t11 / depthModel / Event / 80 / -6768.63 / 138.397 / -7529.5 / -6214.5 / -8718.63
t10 / depthModel / Event / 81 / -6869.22 / 143.249 / -7529.5 / -6214.5 / -8819.22
t9 / depthModel / Event / 82 / -6967.54 / 136.925 / -7529.5 / -6214.5 / -8917.54
t8 / depthModel / Event / 83 / -7068.36 / 117.853 / -7529.5 / -6214.5 / -9018.36
t2 / bottom / Boundary / 84 / -7167.62 / 78.1903 / -7529.5 / -6674.5 / -9117.62
t3 / Poz-38391 / R_Date / 84 / -7167.62 / 78.1903 / -7529.5 / -6674.5 / -9117.62
r1, s1 / intcal13 / Curve / -48054.5 / 1965.5

ESM Table 2. Age-depth model data for Esklets 4

Parameter / Name / Type / Depth (cm) / cal date BC / 1 sigma deviation / lower limit / upper limit / Age (BP)
t6 / Beta-277100 / R_Date / 0 / -2756.69 / 92.6809 / -3374.5 / -2454.5 / -4706.69
t7 / Top / Boundary / 0 / -2756.69 / 92.6809 / -3374.5 / -2454.5 / -4706.69
t39 / depthModel / Event / 0.5 / -2774.09 / 94.6243 / -3774.5 / -2454.5 / -4724.09
t38 / depthModel / Event / 1.5 / -2808.19 / 98.3805 / -3774.5 / -2454.5 / -4758.19
t37 / depthModel / Event / 2.5 / -2842.25 / 101.866 / -3774.5 / -2454.5 / -4792.25
t36 / depthModel / Event / 3.5 / -2875.8 / 104.078 / -3774.5 / -2454.5 / -4825.8
t35 / depthModel / Event / 4.5 / -2910.87 / 106.475 / -3774.5 / -2454.5 / -4860.87
t34 / depthModel / Event / 5.5 / -2944.89 / 108.020 / -3774.5 / -2454.5 / -4894.89
t33 / depthModel / Event / 6.5 / -2978.28 / 108.528 / -3774.5 / -2454.5 / -4928.28
t32 / depthModel / Event / 7.5 / -3012.03 / 110.617 / -3774.5 / -2454.5 / -4962.03
t31 / depthModel / Event / 8.5 / -3046.28 / 110.356 / -3774.5 / -2454.5 / -4996.28
t30 / depthModel / Event / 9.5 / -3079.92 / 110.408 / -3774.5 / -2454.5 / -5029.92
t29 / depthModel / Event / 10.5 / -3115.2 / 109.344 / -3774.5 / -2454.5 / -5065.2
t28 / depthModel / Event / 11.5 / -3149.4 / 108.84 / -3774.5 / -2454.5 / -5099.4
t27 / depthModel / Event / 12.5 / -3182.29 / 108.053 / -3774.5 / -2454.5 / -5132.29
t26 / depthModel / Event / 13.5 / -3216.56 / 105.901 / -3774.5 / -2454.5 / -5166.56
t25 / depthModel / Event / 14.5 / -3250.81 / 104.123 / -3774.5 / -2454.5 / -5200.81
t24 / depthModel / Event / 15.5 / -3284.95 / 101.127 / -3774.5 / -2454.5 / -5234.95
t23 / depthModel / Event / 16.5 / -3318.75 / 98.4557 / -3774.5 / -2454.5 / -5268.75
t22 / depthModel / Event / 17.5 / -3353.24 / 93.924 / -3774.5 / -2454.5 / -5303.24
t21 / depthModel / Event / 18.5 / -3386.5 / 89.8095 / -3774.5 / -2454.5 / -5336.5
t20 / depthModel / Event / 19.5 / -3421.76 / 84.508 / -3774.5 / -2454.5 / -5371.76
t19 / depthModel / Event / 20.5 / -3455.01 / 79.1367 / -3774.5 / -2454.5 / -5405.01
t18 / depthModel / Event / 21.5 / -3488.56 / 71.6408 / -3774.5 / -2454.5 / -5438.56
t17 / depthModel / Event / 22.5 / -3522.75 / 62.9654 / -3774.5 / -2454.5 / -5472.75
t16 / depthModel / Event / 23.5 / -3557.23 / 51.9525 / -3774.5 / -2454.5 / -5507.23
t5 / Poz-53595 / R_Date / 24.5 / -3591.27 / 36.3127 / -3774.5 / -3349.5 / -5541.27
t15 / depthModel / Event / 25.5 / -3674.5 / 85.0057 / -4339.5 / -3349.5 / -5624.5
t14 / depthModel / Event / 26.5 / -3756.48 / 104.574 / -4339.5 / -3349.5 / -5706.48
t13 / depthModel / Event / 27.5 / -3840.03 / 109.965 / -4339.5 / -3349.5 / -5790.03
t12 / depthModel / Event / 28.5 / -3922.6 / 105.477 / -4339.5 / -3349.5 / -5872.6
t11 / depthModel / Event / 29.5 / -4004.68 / 87.8217 / -4339.5 / -3349.5 / -5954.68
t4 / Poz-36628 / R_Date / 30 / -4046.81 / 71.4408 / -4339.5 / -3759.5 / -5996.81
t10 / depthModel / Event / 30.5 / -4198.16 / 202.583 / -5379.5 / -3759.5 / -6148.16
t9 / depthModel / Event / 31.5 / -4496.11 / 276.683 / -5379.5 / -3759.5 / -6446.11
t8 / depthModel / Event / 32.5 / -4792.14 / 254.805 / -5379.5 / -3759.5 / -6742.14
t2 / Boundary / 33.5 / -5092.62 / 62.1818 / -5379.5 / -4794.5 / -7042.62
t3 / Poz-39912 / R_Date / 33.5 / -5092.62 / 62.1818 / -5379.5 / -4794.5 / -7042.62
r1, s1 / intcal13 / Curve / -48054.5 / 1965.5

ESM Table 3. Lithostratigraphy of cores E1 and E4, Esklets. Notation follows Troels-Smith (1955)

Esklets E1

Depth (cm)

0-24 Disturbed surface peat

24-50 Brown clayey amorphous peat with detrital herbaceous material and wood

Sh3, As1, Dh+, Dl+, nig.3, strf.0, elas.0, sicc.2, lim.sup.0

50-60 Brown clayey amorphous peat with small plant roots and detrital herbaceous material

Sh3, As1, Th3+, Dh+, nig.3, strf.0, elas.0, sicc.2, lim.sup.0

60-62.5 Brown amorphous peat with plant roots, clay and detrital herbaceous material

Sh3, Th31, As+, Dh+, nig.3, strf.0, elas.0, sicc.2, lim.sup.0

62.5-65 Black clayey amorphous peat with small charcoal fragments

Sh3, As1, anth+, nig.4, strf.0, elas.0, sicc.2, lim.sup.0

65-78 Brown clayey amorphous peat with detrital herbaceous material

Sh3, As1, Dh+, nig.3, strf.0, elas.0, sicc.2, lim.sup.0

78-85 Black clayey amorphous peat with detrital plant remains, wood fragments and small herbaceous roots

Sh2, As1, Dh1, Th2+, Dl+, nig.4, strf.0, elas.0, sicc.2, lim.sup.0

Esklets E4

Depth (cm)

0-24 Dark brown, well humified herbaceous turfa peat

Sh3, Th21, nig.3, strf.0, elas.0, sicc.2

24-31.6 Black amorphous peat

Sh4, nig.4, strf.0, elas.0, sicc.2, lim.sup.0

31.6-32.8 Yellow sand

Ga4, nig.2, strf.0, elas.0, sicc.2, lim.sup.1

32.8-34.4 Brown silty amorphous peat

Sh2, Ag2, nig.3, strf.0, elas.0, sicc.2, lim.sup.3

34.4-38 Sandy clay

As3, Ga1, nig.2, strf.0, elas.0, sicc.2, lim.sup.1

38-40 Yellow coarse sand

Gs4, nig.2, strf.0, elas.0, sicc.2, lim.sup.1