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USDA-ARS Air Quality Research Unit Publication List
1995 –2004
1995
- Booker, F.L. and E.L.Fiscus. 1995. Measurement and modeling of ultraviolet-B irradiance. IN: Climate Change and Rice (S.Peng, K.T.Ingram, H.U.Neue and L.H.Ziska, eds.). Springer-Verlag, BerlinHeidelberg, pp 147-157.
- Booker, F.L., S.Brunschn-Harti, C.D.Reid, E.L.Fiscus and J.E.Miller. 1995. Photorespiration in soybean treated with elevated carbon dioxide and ozone in open-top chambers. Plant Physiology 108 (S): 63.
- Booker, F.L., S.Anttonen and A.S. Heagle. 1995. Catechin, proanthocyanidin and lignin contents of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) needles after chronic exposure to ozone. 27th Annual Air Pollution Workshop, Cuernavaca, Mexico. 6 - 9 March.
- Fiscus, E.L. and F.L. Booker. 1995. Is increased UV-B a threat to crop photosynthesis and productivity? Photosynthesis Research 43: 81-92.
- Fiscus, E.L., F.L. Booker, J.E.Miller and C.D.Reid. 1995. Response of soybean leaf water relations to tropospheric ozone. Canadian Journal of Botany 73: 517-526.
- Fisher, D.S., J.C.Burns and A.S. Heagle. 1995. The effects of ozone stress on white clover anatomy and nutritive value. Proc-South-Pasture-Forage-Crop-Improv-Conf. New 0rleans : Agricultural Research Service (Southern Region), U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, pp. 25-30.
- Heagle, A.S., J.E. Miller, B.I. Chevone, T.W. Dreschel, W.J. Manning, P.M. McCool, C.L. Morrison, G.E. Neely and J. Rebbeck. 1995. Response of a white clover indicator system to tropospheric ozone at eight locations in the United States. Water-Air-Soil-Pollution 85:1373-1378.
- Miller, J.E., S.F.Vozzo, R.P.Patterson, W.A.Pursley and A.S. Heagle. 1995. Effects of ozone and water deficit on field-grown soybean. II. Leaflet nonstructural carbohydrates. Journal of Environmental Quality 24:670-677.
- Reid, C.D., E.L.Fiscus and F.L. Booker. 1995. Is photorespiration affected by long-term ozone fumigation and carbon dioxide-enrichment? Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 76 (S): 223.
- Vozzo, S.F., J.E.Miller, W.A.Pursley and A.S. Heagle. 1995. Effects of ozone and water deficit on field-grown soybean. I. Leaf gas exchange. Journal of Environmental Quality 24:663-670.
1996
- Anttonen, S.K. 1996. Impacts of ozone and other air pollutants on pine needle lipids: microscopical and chemical studies (Pinus sylvestris, Pinus halepensis, Pinus taeda). Ph.D. dissertation, Kupio University, Finland. 65 pp.
- Anttonen, S., M.-L. Sutinen, and A.S.Heagle. 1996. Ultrastructure and some plasma membrane characteristics of ozone-exposed loblolly pine needles. Physiologia Plantarum98:309-319.
- Booker, F.L., S.Anttonen and A.S. Heagle. 1996. Catechin, proanthocyanidin and lignin contents of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) needles after chronic exposure to ozone. New Phytologist 132: 483-492.
- Booker, F.L., L.H.Pitcher, A.S. Heagle, J.E.Miller and B.A.Zilinskas. 1996. Effects of chronic ozone exposure on transgenic tobacco overexpressing cytosolic Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. 28th Annual Air Pollution Workshop, Raleigh, NC. 13-17 April.
- Brunschon-Harti, S., F.L. Booker, A.Fangmeier, H-J. Jager, and J.E.Miller. 1996. Influence of elevated CO2 and ozone on enzymes related to photorespiration in soybean. Verhandlungender Gesellschaft fur Okologie 26:625-628.
- Eason, G., R.A.Reinert, and J.E.Simon. 1996. SO2-enhanced phytotoxicity of O3 to watermelon. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 12: 718-721.
- Fiscus, E.L., F.L. Booker and J.E.Miller. 1996. Response of soybean bulk leaf water relations to ultraviolet-B irradiation. Journal of Plant Physiology 148: 63-68.
- Heagle, A.S. and J.E.Miller. 1996. Effects of rooting medium and fertilizer rate on response of white clover to tropospheric ozone. Environmental Pollution91: 113-119.
- Heagle, A., J.E. Miller, B. Chevone, T. Dreschel, W. Manning, P. McCool, C. Morrison, G. Neely, and J. Rebbeck. 1996. Response of a white clover indicator system to tropospheric ozone at eight locations in the United States. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution85: 1373-1378.
- Heagle, A.S., R.Reinert, and I. Miller. 1996. White clover response to ozone in different environments. Journal of Environmental Quality 25:273-278.
- Johnson, J.D., A.H.Chappelka, F.P.Hain and A.S. Heagle. 1996. Interactive effects of air pollutants with abiotic and biotic factors on southern pine forests. IN: Impact of Air Pollutants on Southern PineForests, vol. 118, New York, Springer-Verlag, pp. 280-312.
- Reinert, R.A., S.R.Shafer, G.Eason, M.M. Schoeneberger, and S.I.Horton. 1996. Responses of loblolly pine to ozone and simulated acidic rain. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26: 1715- 1723.
- Shafer, S.R., M.M. Schoeneberger, S.I.Borton, C.B.Davey and I.E. Miller. 1996. Effects of rhizobium, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and anion content of simulated rain on subterranean clover. Environmental Pollution92 (1):55-66.
1997
- Booker, F.L., C.D.Reid, S.Brunschon-Harti, E.L.Fiscus and J.E.Miller. 1997. Photosynthesis and photorespiration in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] chronically exposed to elevated carbon dioxide and ozone. Journal of Experimental Botany 48: 1843-1852.
- Booker, F.L. 1997. Effects of elevated CO2 and nitrogen on proanthocyanidins in cotton. Plant Physiology 114 (S): 111. Vancouver, BC, 2-6 August.
- Burns, J.C., A.S. Heagle and D.S.Fisher. 1997. Nutritive value of ozone sensitive and resistant Ladino white clover clones after chronic ozone and carbon dioxide exposure. ASA special publication no. 61. IN: Advances in Carbon Dioxide Effects Research. eds. L.H.Allen, Jr., M.B.Kirkham, D.M.Olszk, and C.E.Whitman. Nov. 7-12, 1993, Cincinnati, OH. Pp. 153-167.
- Fiscus, E.L., C.D.Reid, J.E.Miller and A.S. Heagle. 1997. Elevated CO2 reduces O3 flux and O3-induced yield losses in soybeans: possible implications for elevated CO2 studies. Journal ofExperimental Botany 48:307-313.
- Fisher, D.S., A.S. Heagle and J.C.Burns. 1997. Anatomy of clover exposed to enriched ozone and carbon dioxide. ASA special publication no. 61. IN: Advances in Carbon Dioxide Effects Research. eds. L.H.Allen, Jr., M.B.Kirkham, D.M.Olszk, and C.E.Whitman. Nov. 7-12, 1993, Cincinnati, OH. Pp. 169-177.
- MacKay, J.J., D.M.O’Malley, T. Presnell, F.L. Booker, M.M. Campbell, R.W. Whetten and R.R. Sederoff. 1997. Inheritance, gene expression, and lignin characterization in a mutant pine deficient in cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 94: 8255-8260.
- Miller, I.E., S.R.Shafer, M.M. Schoeneberger, W.A.Pursley, S.I.Horton, and C.Davey. 1997. Infuence of a mycorrhizal fungus and/or rhizobium on growth and biomass partitioning of subterranean clover exposed to ozone. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 96:233-248.
- Reinert, R.A., G.Eason and J.Barton. 1997. Growth and fruiting of tomato as influenced by elevated carbon dioxide and ozone. New Phytologist 137:411-420.
1998
- Booker, F.L. and J.E.Miller. 1998. Phenylpropanoid metabolism and phenolic composition of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] leaves following exposure to ozone. Journal of Experimental Botany 49:1191-1202.
- Booker, F.L., E.L.Fiscus, and J.E.Miller. 1998. Effects of elevated CO2 on O3 uptake and injury in soybean. Plant Physiology 1998 Suppl. p. 113 (abstract).
- Bradow, J.M., A.S. Heagle, and W.A.Pursley. 1998. Interactive effects of ozone, carbon dioxide, and soil nitrogen on cotton fiber properties. ASA/CSSA/SSSA Annual Meeting. Oct 18-22. p. 107. (abstract)
- Bradow, J.M., A.S. Heagle and W.A.Pursley. 1998. Interactive effects of ozone, carbon dioxide, and soil nitrogen on cotton fiber properties. Proceedings of the BeltwideCotton Conference, Memphis, TN, v. 2:1365-1366.
- Burkey, KentO. and JamesN.Mathis. 1998. Identification of a novel isoform of the chloroplast-coupling factor alpha-subunit. Plant Physiology 116:703-708.
- Chevone, B., A.S. Heagle, W.Manning, A.Varbanov, and S.Krupa. 1998. Relating ambient ozone concentrations to adverse biomass responses of white clover: A case study. Paper No. 98-RP106.04. In: Abstracts, 91st Annual Meeting & Exhibition of the Air & Waste Management Association, June 14-18, 1998San Diego, CA. p. 322. (abstract)
- Heagle, A.S., J.E.Miller, and F.L. Booker. 1998. Influence of ozone stress on soybean response to carbon dioxide enrichment. I. Foliar properties. Crop Science 38:113-121.
- Heagle, A.S., J.E.Miller, and W.A.Pursley. 1998. Influence of ozone stress on soybean response to carbon dioxide enrichment. III. Yield and seed quality. Crop Science 38:128-134.
- Hellkamp, A.S., S.R. Shafer, C.L. Campbell, J.M. Bay, D.A. Fiscus, G.R. Hess, B.F. McQuaid, M.J. Muster, G.L. Olson, S.L. Peck, K.N. Easterling, K. Sidik and M.B. Tooley. 1998. Assessment of the condition of agricultural lands in five mid-Atlantic states. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment 51:317-324.
- Holmes, G.J., M.A.Cubeta, and A.S. Heagle. 1998. Susceptibility of commercial potato cultivars to ozone Injury, 1997. Biological and Cultural Tests 13:105.
- Hummel, RobertL., RickL.Brandenburg, AllenS.Heagle, and ConsueloArellano. 1998. Effects of ozone on reproduction of two spotted spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) on white clover. Journal of Environmental Entomology 27(2):338-394.
- Miller, J.E., A.S. Heagle, and W.A.Pursley. 1998. Combined effects of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone on Wheat. 1998 Annual Meeting Abstract. American Society of Agronomy Oct 18-22. p. 106. (abstract)
- Miller, J.E., A.S. Heagle, and W.A.Pursley. 1998. Influence of ozone stress on soybean response to carbon dioxide enrichment. II. Biomass and development. Crop Science 38:122-128.
- Reid, C.D., E.L.Fiscus, and K.O.Burkey. 1998. Combined effects of chronic ozone and elevated CO2 on Rubisco activity and leaf components in soybean (Glycine max). Journal of Experimental Botany 49:1999-2011.
- Reid, C.D. and E.L.Fiscus. 1998. Effects of elevated [CO2] and/or ozone on limitations to CO2 assimilation in soybean (Glycine max). Journal of Experimental Botany 49: 885-896.
- Reid, C.D. and E.L.Fiscus. 1998. Effect of elevated CO2 and O3 on seed yield. Ecological Society of America Bulletin 79:208.
- Shafer, S.R., U. Blum, S.J.Horton, and D.L.Hesterberg. 1998. Biomass of tomato seedlings exposed to an allelopathic phenolic acid and enriched atmospheric carbon dioxide. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 106:123-136.
1999
- Burkey, K.O. 1999. Effects of ozone on the apoplast/cytoplasm partitioning of ascorbic acid in snap bean. PhysiologiaPlantarum 107:188-193.
- Burkey, K.O. 1999. Effect of ozone on leaf apoplast ascorbic acid content. ASPP Plant Biology 1999 Meeting Abstracts, pg. 112.
- Burkey, Kent O. 1999. Apoplast ascorbic acid in ozone-sensitive and tolerant snap beans, 31st Air Pollution Workshop, Corvallis, Oregon
- Fiscus, E.L., F.L. Booker, A.B. Britt, and R.B. Philbeck. 1999. Growth of Arabidopsis flavonoid mutants under solar radiation and UV filters. Environmental and Experimental Botany 41:231-245.
- Gimeno, B.S., V. Bermejo, R.A. Reinert, Y. Zheng and J.D. Barnes. 1999. Adverse effects of ambient ozone on watermelon yield and physiology at a rural site in Eastern Spain. New Phytologist 144: 245-260.
- Heagle, A.S., F.L. Booker, J.E. Miller, E.L. Fiscus, W.A. Pursley, and L.A. Stefanski. 1999. Influence of daily carbon dioxide exposure duration and root environment on soybean response to elevated carbon dioxide. Journal of Environmental Quality 28:666-675.
- Heagle, A.S., J.E. Miller, F.L. Booker and W.A. Pursley. 1999. Ozone stress, carbon dioxide enrichment and nitrogen fertility interactions in cotton. Crop Science 39:731-741.
- Hudak, C., J. Bender, H. J. Weigel, and J. E. Miller. 1999. Interactive effects of elevated CO2, O3, and soil water deficit on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Nandu). Agronomie 19:677-687.
- Jackson, D.M., A.S. Heagle, and R.V.W. Eckel. 1999. Ovipositional response of tobacco hornworm moths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) to tobacco plants grown under elevated levels of ozone. Environmental Entomology 28 (4):566-571.
- Reid, C.D., E.L. Fiscus, and K.O. Burkey. 1999. Effect of chronic ozone and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations on ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate in soybean (Glycine max). Physiologia Plantarum 106:378-385.
- Warren, J.M., H.L. Allen, F.L. Booker. 1999. Mineral nutrition, resin flow and phloem phytochemistry in loblolly pine. Tree Physiology 19:655-663.
2000
- Booker, F.L. 2000. Influence of carbon dioxide enrichment, ozone and nitrogen fertilization on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaf and root composition. Plant, Cell and Environment 23:573-583.
- Booker, F.L., S.R. Shafer, W. Caimiao and S. Horton. 2000. Carbon dioxide enrichment, and nitrogen fertilization effects on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plant residue chemistry and decomposition. Plant and Soil 220:89-98.
- Burkey, K.O., C. Wei, G. Eason, P. Ghosh and G.P. Fenner. 2000. Antioxidant metabolites levels in ozone-sensitive and tolerant genotypes of snap beans. Physiologia Plantarum 110:195-200.
- Burkey, Kent O. 2000. Extracellular ascorbic acid content in ozone-sensitive and tolerant snap bean genotypes, 32nd Air Pollution Workshop, Auburn, Alabama.
- Heagle, A.S., J.E. Miller and W.A. Pursley. 2000. Growth and yield responses of winter wheat to mixtures of ozone and carbon dioxide. Crop Science 40:1656-1664.
- Heagle, A.S. and L.A. Stefanski. 2000. Relationship between ambient ozone regimes and white clover forage production using different ozone exposure indexes. Environmental Pollution. 34:735-744.
- Jackson, D.M., T.W. Rufty, A.S. Heagle, R.F. Severson, and R.V.W. Eckel. 2000. Survival and development of tobacco hornworm larvae on tobacco plants grown under elevated levels of ozone. Journal of Chemical Ecology 26:1-19.
- Mills, G., G. Ball, F. Hayes, L. Skarby, B. Gimeno, L. de Temmerman and A.S. Heagle. 2000. Development of a multi-factor model for predicting the critical level of ozone for white clover. Environment Pollution 109:533-542.
- Reinert, R.A. and G. Eason. 2000. Genetic control of O3 sensitivity in a cross between two cultivars of snapbean. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 125: 222-227.
2001
- Booker, F.L. and K. Burkey. 2001. Extracellular RNase in snap bean leaves is stimulated by ozone. Plant Biology 2001 meeting abstract #458, p.105.
- Booker, F. L. and C. Maier. 2001. Atmospheric carbon dioxide, irrigation, and fertilization effects on phenolic and nitrogen concentrations in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) needles. Tree Physiology 21:609-616.
- Booker, F.L. and K.O. Burkey. 2001. Stimulation of RNase activity by ozone stress. European Science Foundation Workshop, Adaptation of plant populations to environmental insult, Newcastle, UK. July 27-30.
- Burkey, K.O. 2001. Leaf extracellular ascorbic acid as a factor in ozone tolerance. Plant Biology 2001 meeting abstract #456, p. 105.
- Burkey, Kent O. 2001. Leaf extracellular ascorbic acid as a factor in ozone tolerance, 33rd Air Pollution Workshop, Riverside, California.
- Costa, S.D., G.G. Kennedy and A.S Heagle. 2001. Effect of host plant ozone stress on Colorado potato beetles. Environmental Entomology 30: 824-831.
- Fiscus, E.L., F.L. Booker, C.D. Reid, and J.E. Miller. 2001. Unconsidered environmental stresses may cause overestimates of the CO2-fertilization effect. Paper S33 in PS2001: Proceedings 12th International Congress on Photosynthesis.
- Krupa, S.V., G.T. McGrath, C. P. Andersen, F.L. Booker, K.O. Burkey, A. Chappelka, B. Chevone, E. Pell, and B. Zilinskas. 2001. Ambient ozone and plant health. Plant Disease Vol. 85(1): 4-12.
2002
- Booker, F.L., E.L. Fiscus and J.E. Miller. 2002. Combined effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 and ozone on soybean whole-plant water use. USDA Symposium on Natural Resource Management to Offset Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Nov. 19-21, Raleigh, NC.
- Burkey, K.O., and G. Eason. 2002. Ozone tolerance in snap bean is associated with elevated ascorbic acid in the leaf apoplast. Physiologia Plantarum 114: 387-394.
- Burkey, Kent O., Howard Neufeld, Lara Souza, Art Chappelka, Alan Davison. 2002. Seasonal profiles of leaf ascorbic acid in ozone-sensitive wildflowers, 34th Air Pollution Workshop, State College, Pennsylvania
- Fiscus, E. L. and F.L. Booker. 2002. Growth of Arabidopsis flavonoid mutant is challenged by radiation longer than the UV-B band. Environmental and Experimental Botany 48:213-224.
- Fiscus, E.L., J.E. Miller, F.L. Booker, A.S. Heagle and C.D. Reid. 2002. The impact of ozone and other limitations on the crop productivity response to CO2. Technology 8: 181-192.
- Heagle, A.S., J.C. Burns, D.E. Fisher, and J.E. Miller. 2002. Effects of carbon dioxide enrichment on reproduction of twospotted spider mites on white clover. Environmental Entomology. 31 (4):594-601.
- Heagle, A.S., J.E. Miller, K.O. Burkey, G.P. Eason, and W.A. Pursley. 2002. Growth and yield responses of Phaseolus vulgaris to mixtures of carbon dioxide and ozone. Journal of Environmental Quality 31:2008-2014.
- Niyogi, D., K. Alapaty, R. Boyles, F.L. Booker and E.L. Fiscus. 2002. Assessing environmental feedback on carbon assimilation over southeastern US. USDA Symposium on Natural Resource Management to Offset Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Nov. 19-21, Raleigh, NC.
2003
- Booker, F.L. and E.L. Fiscus. 2003. Effects of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] transpiration. ASA/CSSA/SSSA Annual Meeting, Nov. 2-6, Denver, CO.
- Britt, A., and E.L. Fiscus. 2003. Growth and yield responses of Arabidopsis DNA repair mutants to solar radiation. Physiologia Plantarum 118:183-192.
- Burkey, K.O., G. Eason, and E.L. Fiscus. 2003. Factors that affect extracellular ascorbic acid content and redox status. Physiologia Plantarum 117:51-57.
- Fiscus, E.L., F.L. Booker and A. Britt. 2003. Responses of DNA repair and flavonoid deficient Arabidopsis mutants to solar UV -B radiation. 31st Annual Meeting of the American Society for Photobiology, July 5-9, Baltimore, MD.
- Fiscus, E.L., F.L. Booker and M. Flowers. 2003. Turgor maintenance in elevated CO2. ASPB Annual Meeting, July 25-30, Honolulu, HI.
- Fuhrer, J., and F.L. Booker. 2003. Ecological issues related to ozone: agricultural issues. Environment International. 29:141-154.
- Heagle, A.S., 2003. Influence of elevated carbon dioxide on interactions between Frankliniella occidentalis and Trifolium repens. Environmental Entomology 32: 421-424.
- Heagle, A.S., J.E. Miller, W.A. Pursley. 2003. Growth and yield responses of potato to mixtures of carbon dioxide and ozone. Journal of Environmental Quality 32:1603-1610.
- Niyogi, D., F.L. Booker, C. Dehui, C. F. Chen, H.-I. Chang, T. Holt, V. Saxena and R. Wells. 2003. Effect of aerosols, clouds and atmospheric pollutants on the terrestrial biosphere. National Conference on Advances in Environmental Sciences and Engineering. India.
2004
- Booker, F. 2004. Influence of ozone on ribonuclease activity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaves. Physiologia Plantarum 120:249-255.
- Booker, F.L., E.L. Fiscus, and J.E. Miller. 2004. Combined effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and ozone on soybean whole-plant water use. Environmental Management: in press.
- Booker, F.L., K.O. Burkey, K. Overmyer and A.M. Jones. 2004. Differential responses of G-protein Arabidopsis thaliana mutants to ozone. New Phytologist.
- Booker, F.L., Fiscus, E.L., and Miller, J. E. 2004. The role of ozone flux in the suppression of ozone injury by elevated carbon dioxide in soybean. Plant Cell and Environment.
- Booker, F.L., J.E. Miller, E.L. Fiscus, W.A. Pursley and L.A. Stefanski. 2004. Comparative effects of rooting environment on soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.] responses to elevated CO2 and O3. Plant, Cell and Environment.
- Booker, F.L., S.A. Prior, H.A. Torbert, E.L. Fiscus, W.A. Pursley and S. Hu. 2004. Influence of elevated CO2 and O3 on soybean residue chemistry, decomposition and microbial biomass. Plant, Cell and Environment.
- Burkey, K.O., Heagle, A.S., Miller, J.E. and E.L. Fiscus. 2004. Assessment of ambient ozone effects on vegetation using snap bean as a bio-indicator species. Journal of Environmental Quality.
- Burkey, K.O., H.S. Neufeld, L. Souza, A. H. Chappelka, A.W. Davison. 2004. Seasonal profiles of leaf ascorbic acid metabolism in ozone-sensitive wildflowers. Environmental Pollution.
- Fiscus, E.L. and F. L. Booker. 2004. Response of soybean leaf water relations to elevated CO2. Plant, Cell and Environment.
- Fiscus, E.L., Booker, F.L. 2004. Soybean (Glycine max) leaf water relations responses to elevated CO2 are influenced by cultural conditions. Physiologia Plantarum.
- Neufeld, H.S., A.W. Davison, A. H. Chappelka, K.O. Burkey, P.L. Finkelstein. 2004. Foliar injury caused by exposure to ozone reduces the absorbance of light in leaves of cutleaf coneflower (Rudbeckia laciniata var. digitata). Southeastern Biology.
- Peoples, S., H.S. Neufeld, P.L. Finkelstein A.W. Davison, A. H. Chappelka, K.O. Burkey. 2004. Seasonal development of stand structure for cutleaf coneflower (Rudbeckia laciniata) at two sites in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park: Influences on ozone uptake. Southeastern Biology.
- Reid, C.D. and E.L.Fiscus. 2004. Is the rice yield response to elevated CO2 and ozone affected by resource availability? Global Change Biology.