Molecular phylogeny of Orthetrum dragonflies reveals cryptic species of Orthetrum pruinosum
Hoi Sen Yong1, Phaik-Eem Lim1,2,, Ji Tan1,2, Yong Foo Ng3, Praphathip Eamsobhana4 and I. Wayan Suana5
1Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 3Centre for Insect Systematics, School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43000 Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia, 4Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand, 5Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Mataram University, Mataram, Indonesia
Correspondence and request for materials should be addressed to P.E.L. (email: ).
Supplementary Table 1. Information of the aligned sequencesof odonate taxa.
Data set / No. Taxa / Total Length / No. of parsimonyinformative characters / No. of variable
uninformative
characters / No. of constant
characters / Model selected based on AIC / Model selected based on BIC
COI / 103 / 451 / 186 / 6 / 259 / J2+Gamma / J2+Gamma
COII / 55 / 662 / 305 / 34 / 323 / GTR+Gamma / J2+Gamma
16 S / 148 / 358 / 142 / 41 / 175 / GTR+Gamma / HKY+Gamma
28S / 65 / 851 / 81 / 26 / 744 / TN+Gamma / TIM+Gamma
ITS1&2 / 104 / 773 / 632 / 54 / 87 / GTR+Gamma / J1ef+Gamma
COI+COII / 30 / 1113 / 402 / 27 / 684 / J2+Gamma / J2+Gamma
COI+16S / 53 / 798 / 273 / 12 / 513 / J2+Gamma / J2+Gamma
COI+COII+16S / 27 / 1460 / 481 / 33 / 946 / GTR+Gamma / J2+Gamma
COI+COII+16S+28S / 27 / 2302 / 529 / 31 / 1742 / GTR+Gamma / GTR+Gamma
COI+COII+16S+28S+ITS1&2 / 27 / 3075 / 904 / 67 / 2104 / GTR+Gamma / GTR+Gamma
Supplementary Table2. Percentage of uncorrected “p” distance matrix between Orthetrumtaxa based on COI (below diagonal) and 16S rDNA nucleotise sequences (above diagonal & shaded)
Taxon / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 / 9 / 10 / 11 / 12 / 13 / 14 / 15 / 16 / 17 / 18 / 19 / 201. O. abbotti / - / 8.44-8.74 / NA / 8.43 / 9.67 / NA / 5.99 / 6.03-7.26 / 7.54 / 8.72-9.02 / 9.65 / 5.39-6.30 / 7.23-7.83 / 9.92 / 8.43 / 9.07 / 6.94-7.57 / 9.36 / NA / 7.53-8.12
NA
2. O. albistylum / NA / 0.00-0.30 / NA / 7.19-7.49 / 7.19-7.78 / NA / 5.39-5.69 / 5.69-6.59 / 2.40-2.69 / 4.19-4.79 / 8.68-8.98 / 5.09-5.70 / 6.29-7.19 / 3.89-4.19 / 5.09-5.39 / 5.99-6.29 / 5.99-7.49 / 5.99-6.29 / NA / 7.19-7.49
0.00-0.44
3. O. brachiale / NA / 8.63-8.64 / NA / NA / NA / NA / NA / NA / NA / NA / NA / NA / NA / NA / NA / NA / NA / NA / NA / NA
0.00
4. O. brunneum / NA / NA / NA / 0.00 / 8.09-8.20 / NA / 6.28-6.29 / 5.99-6.98 / 7.49-7.52 / 7.19-7.51 / 8.38-8.46 / 5.98-6.30 / 4.49-5.43 / 8.98-9.03 / 5.99-6.03 / 7.78-7.90 / 4.79-6.70 / 7.49-7.60 / NA / 5.09-5.15
NA
5. O. chrysis / NA / 12.20-
12.86 / 11.37-11.87 / NA / 0.00-0.30 / NA / 7.52 / 5.68-7.18 / 7.18-7.19 / 8.68-8.98 / 8.68-8.69 / 4.78-7.22 / 5.09-5.69 / 9.58-9.59 / 4.49-4.79 / 2.39-2.69 / 4.79-5.99 / 2.99-3.29 / NA / 5.09-5.69
0.67-1.77
6. O. chrysostigma / NA / 8.32 / 7.14 / NA / 11.57-11.84 / NA / NA / NA / NA / NA / NA / NA / NA / NA / NA / NA / NA / NA / NA / NA
0.00
7. O. coerulescens / NA / 10.37 –
11.12 / 8.62-8.87 / NA / 11.14-11.65 / 9.11-9.36 / - / 4.79-6.02 / 5.39 / 5.69-5.99 / 7.19 / 2.39-3.88 / 4.49-5.08 / 6.58 / 5.68 / 7.22 / 3.90-5.73 / 7.21 / NA / 5.38-5.39
0.25
8. O. glaucum / NA / 8.87 –
9.09 / 8.06-8.59 / NA / 12.08-13.53 / 10.48-11.01 / 9.80-10.81 / 0.00-2.10 / 5.99-6.29 / 6.59-8.08 / 6.89-7.78 / 3.89-5.72 / 4.79-6.29 / 7.78-8.38 / 5.09-5.99 / 4.79-6.29 / 4.49-5.99 / 4.49-5.99 / NA / 5.09-6.59
0.00-0.67
9. O. internum / NA / 11.31 –
12.20 / 9.50-9.78 / NA / 14.86-15.08 / 10.93-11.21 / 11.49-11.77 / 11.97-13.08 / 0.00 / 4.19-4.49 / 7.49 / 4.80-5.10 / 5.09-5.69 / 4.19 / 5.39 / 5.99 / 4.79-5.39 / 6.29 / NA / 5.99
0.22-0.89
10. O. japonicum / NA / 11.75 –
12.20 / 10.37-10.64 / NA / 12.20-14.19 / 10.81-11.06 / 10.36-11.12 / 12.20-13.30 / 11.97-12.42 / 0.00-0.30 / 9.28-9.58 / 4.79-5.39 / 5.39-6.59 / 5.09-5.39 / 5.69-56.29 / 8.09-8.39 / 5.99-7.49 / 6.59-7.19 / NA / 5.39-6.29
0.44-2.22
11. O. julia falsum / NA / 10.34 / 6.90 / NA / 11.12-12.11 / 6.16 / 10.34-10.59 / 10.01-10.78 / 12.19-12.97 / 10.82-11.07 / - / 6.30-7.49 / 5.99-6.29 / 8.98 / 7.49 / 8.38 / 6.29-8.08 / 8.98 / NA / 6.89
0.00
12. O. luzonicum / NA / 10.64 –
11.09 / 10.80-11.08 / NA / 12.86-13.75 / 11.24-12.52 / 9.12-9.88 / 9.98-11.09 / 11.53-12.20 / 12.64-14.41 / 11.51-12.28 / 0.00-2.09 / 4.19-5.07 / 5.68-7.17 / 5.38-5.69 / 4.50-6.33 / 2.70-5.13 / 4.18-6.61 / NA / 4.49-5.39
0.00-3.55
13. O. melania / NA / 12.20-12.64 / 10.79-11.10 / NA / 9.09-10.86 / 10.74-13.03 / 10.12-10.57 / 11.75-13.08 / 10.64-12.42 / 10.86-12.64 / 11.76-12.55 / 10.64-11.75 / 0.30-0.90 / 7.19-7.78 / 2.69-3.29 / 4.79-5.39 / 2.99-5.39 / 4.49-4.79 / NA / 0.60-1.50
0.00-3.99
14. O. poecilopsis / NA / 10.20-10.86 / 9.19-9.21 / NA / 10.86-11.75 / 10.33-10.35 / 10.62-10.87 / 10.86-11.31 / 10.64-11.09 / 10.86-11.31 / 11.60-11.62 / 12.64-13.97 / 9.98-10.86 / 0.00 / 6.89 / 8.98 / 7.19-8.68 / 8.38 / NA / 8.08
0.00-0.22
15. O. pruinosumneglectum / NA / 9.98-10.42 / 8.60-9.34 / NA / 9.09-10.20 / 10.55 / 9.13-9.62 / 9.31-10.64 / 8.87-9.53 / 11.09-11.97 / 9.82-9.83 / 9.31-10.86 / 6.65-8.43 / 11.09-11.53 / 0.00-0.30 / 4.19-4.49 / 4.79-6.59 / 1.50 / NA / 2.99
0.00-0.67
16. O. pruinosumschneideri / NA / 10.86-11.09 / 11.62-11.86 / NA / 7.54-8.87 / 11.34-11.58 / 10.40-11.64 / 11.09-11.75 / 12.86-13.53 / 12.86-13.30 / 11.12-11.36 / 11.75-12.20 / 9.98-10.42 / 11.75-12.20 / 7.54-8.65 / 0.00 / 4.49-5.68 / 2.99 / NA / 4.79-5.39
0.00-1.33
17. O. sabina / NA / 11.75-12.42 / 12.54-12.79 / NA / 15.52-17.29 / 13.75-14.00 / 13.77-14.28 / 11.75-12.64 / 13.75-15.08 / 15.30-16.19 / 13.26-13.52 / 14.19-15.30 / 14.86-15.74 / 13.75-14.63 / 12.42-13.08 / 14.41-14.63 / 0.00-1.80 / 5.09-6.29 / NA / 3.89-5.69
0.00-2.44
18. O. testaceum / NA / 10.42 / 9.09 / NA / 9.09-9.76 / 10.55 / 9.13-9.38 / 9.76-10.42 / 8.87-9.31 / 11.09-11.75 / 9.83 / 9.76-10.64 / 6.65-8.43 / 11.09-11.31 / 0.44-0.67 / 7.76-8.20 / 12.86 / 0.00 / NA / 3.89-3.49
0.00
19. O. trinacria / NA / 13.77 / 11.82 / NA / 14.84-15.82 / 13.79 / 13.30-13.55 / 12.01-12.76 / 13.40-14.19 / 15.78-16.04 / 12.56 / 14.46-14.51 / 14.21-15.06 / 15.34-15.37 / 10.54-11.28 / 14.59-15.07 / 13.04-13.27 / 11.04 / NA / NA
0.00
20. O. triangulare / NA / 10.64-11.31 / 9.32-9.59 / NA / 9.76-10.86 / 11.26-12.03 / 9.33-10.07 / 9.98-10.86 / 11.09-11.75 / 11.09-11.97 / 11.28-11.55 / 9.98-10.86 / 3.33-3.77 / 9.98-10.86 / 7.32-7.76 / 9.76-10.42 / 13.75-13.97 / 7.32-7.78 / 13.25-13.77 / 0.00-0.60
0.00-0.89
Supplementary Table 3. Percentage of uncorrected “p” distance matrix between Orthetrum based on ITS1 and ITS2 nucleotide sequences.
Taxon / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 / 9 / 10 / 11 / 12 / 13 / 141. O. albistylum / 0.00-0.73
2. O. chrysis / 8.57-9.11 / 0.00-0.36
3. O. chrysostigma / 12.67-12.99 / 11.36-11.73 / -
4. O. glaucum / 12.07-12.82 / 7.61-9.28 / 12.91-13.58 / 0.00-3.26
5. O. internum / 6.37-6.93 / 10.94-11.35 / 14.35-14.42 / 11.83-12.53 / 0.00
6. O. japonicum / 6.78-7.18 / 10.73-11.06 / 14.39-15.11 / 12.40-13.54 / 7.37-8.12 / 0.00-0.39
7. O. luzonicum / 8.36-8.70 / 8.61-11.17 / 12.53-12.79 / 11.42-13.99 / 12.92-13.39 / 12.94-13.42 / 0.0-5.05
8. O. melania / 9.26-9.49 / 4.45-6.17 / 11.99-12.74 / 9.72-11.01 / 11.31-11.55 / 11.61-12.03 / 10.47-11.36 / 0.00-1.64
9. O. poecilopsis / 8.70-9.39 / 11.46-12.18 / 14.80-14.97 / 13.16-14.44 / 9.38-9.47 / 8.49-9.07 / 13.66-14.04 / 11.95-12.23 / 0.00-0.52
10. O. pruinosumneglectum / 8.54-8.87 / 4.92-5.30 / 11.12 / 6.98-8.02 / 9.90 / 10.89-11.00 / 9.25-11.20 / 6.25-6.81 / 11.14-11.32 / 0.00
11. O. pruinosumschneider / 9.15-9.50 / 2.40-2.94 / 10.81-11.03 / 7.97-9.38 / 11.35-11.43 / 11.17-11.55 / 8.95-9.14 / 5.00-5.77 / 11.49-12.25 / 4.75-4.94 / 0.00-0.18
12. O. sabina / 14.62-15.38 / 15.83-16.78 / 20.96-21.12 / 16.05-18.31 / 16.37-16.78 / 16.37-17.37 / 16.30-17.44 / 15.79-16.59 / 16.22-17.13 / 15.30-15.62 / 15.29-15.85 / 0.00-2.74
13. O. testaceum / 8.62-8.95 / 4.64-5.06 / 10.71-10.84 / 6.77-8.73 / 9.59-9.80 / 10.88-11.29 / 8.80-10.26 / 6.35-6.80 / 11.20-11.87 / 1.14-1.17 / 4.64-4.89 / 15.05-15.70 / 0.00
14. O. triangulare / 9.48-9.95 / 5.04-5.59 / 11.81-11.92 / 9.89-10.11 / 10.96-11.29 / 11.05-11.43 / 10.37-11.25 / 1.84-2.16 / 11.80-12.24 / 6.26-6.38 / 4.84-5.16 / 15.37-16.09 / 6.19-6.40 / 0.18
Supplementary Table 4. Percentage of uncorrected “p” distance matrix between Orthetrumtaxa based on COI and 16S rDNA nucleotide sequences.
Taxon / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 / 9 / 10 / 11 / 121. O. albistylum / 0.25
2. O. chrysis / 10.07-10.57 / 0.00 –
1.15
3. O. glaucum / 7.52 –
7.77 / 9.93 –
10.57 / 0.00 –
1.02
4. O. internum / 7.77 –
8.03 / 11.59 –
11.72 / 9.43 –
10.19 / 0.13 –
0.51
5. O. japonicum / 8.54 –
8.92 / 10.70 –
10.96 / 10.06 –
11.08 / 8.66 –
8.92 / 0.38 –
0.64
6. O. luzonicum / 8.41 –
8.92 / 10.32 –
10.96 / 8.03 –
9.05 / 8.54 –
9.17 / 9.94 –
10.45 / 1.15
7. O. melania / 9.68 –
9.81 / 7.39 –
7.90 / 8.79 –
9.68 / 8.28 –
8.54 / 8.54 –
8.79 / 8.03 –
8.15 / 0.13
8. O. poecilopsis / 7.77 –
7.90 / 10.32 –
10.83 / 9.30 –
9.94 / 7.90 –
8.15 / 8.28 –
8.79 / 9.93 –
10.57 / 8.79 –
9.04 / 0.13
9. O. pruinosumneglectum / 8.03 –
8.15 / 7.13 –
7.51 / 7.64 –
8.66 / 7.39 –
7.77 / 9.17 –
9.43 / 8.41 –
8.67 / 4.97 –
5.22 / 9.30 –
9.55 / 0.25
10. O. pruinosumschneideri / 8.91 –
9.17 / 5.39 –
6.23 / 8.79 –
9.04 / 9.91 –
10.31 / 10.82 –
11.08 / 9.28 –
9.68 / 7.61 –
8.15 / 10.44 –
10.82 / 5.93 –
6.37 / 0.00 –
0.77
11. O. sabina / 9.43 –
10.06 / 10.96 –
12.23 / 8.79 –
9.81 / 10.19 –
11.08 / 11.59 –
12.23 / 9.94 –
10.84 / 9.94 –
11.08 / 11.08 –
11.97 / 9.43 –
10.45 / 10.19 –
10.83 / 0.51 –
1.78
12. O. testaceum / 8.54 / 6.62 –
6.88 / 7.90 –
8.15 / 7.77 –
8.03 / 9.55 –
9.68 / 8.92 –
8.93 / 5.61 –
5.73 / 9.94 –
10.06 / 1.15 / 5.79 –
5.98 / 9.55 –
10.32 / 0.00
Supplementary Table 5. Percentage of uncorrected “p” distance matrix between Orthetrum taxa and related species based on COI, COII, 16S rDNA nucleotide sequences.
Taxon / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 61. O. chrysis / 0.00-
0.83
2. O. glaucum / 10.78-
11.11 / 0.14-
0.48
3. O. luzonicum / 10.51-
10.78 / 8.92-
9.13 / 0.21
4. O. pruinosumschneideri / 7.32-
7.91 / 9.60-
10.28 / 9.82-
10.63 / 0.00-
1.94
5. O. sabina / 12.30-
12.58 / 10.16-
10.44 / 11.27-
11.48 / 11.26-
11.61 / 0.55
6. O. testaceum / 8.02-
8.29 / 8.91-
9.19 / 8.71-
8.91 / 8.01-
8.47 / 11.13-
11.20 / 0.00-
0.21
Supplementary Table 6. Percentage of uncorrected “p” distance matrix between Orthetrum based on combined COI, COII, 16S rDNA, 28s rDNA and ITS1 &ITS2 nucleotide sequences.
Taxon / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 61. O. chrysis / 0.00-0.49
2. O. glaucum / 7.04-7.18 / 0.00-0.25
3. O. luzonicum / 7.01-7.23 / 6.77-6.81 / 0.11
4. O. pruinosumschneideri / 4.20-5.33 / 4.90-6.61 / 6.73-7.22 / 0.04-1.55
5. O. sabina / 9.33-9.51 / 8.23-8.35 / 9.01-9.12 / 8.82-9.01 / 0.28
6. O. testaceum / 4.99-5.10 / 5.90-6.02 / 6.14-6.28 / 4.99-5.44 / 8.59-8.65 / 0.00-0.11
Supplementary Table 7. Nucleotide sequences of COI, COII, 16S rRNA and/or 28S rRNA genes for the taxa of Orthetrum and other genera of the family Libellulidae obtained from GenBank.
No. / Sample Name / Sampling Location / Collection Code / GenBank/DDBJ Accession NumberCOI / COII / 16S / 28S / ITS1&2
Samples taken from GenBank
Odonata
Brachydiplacinae
1 / Argyrothemis argentea / - / - / - / - / - / GU196347 / -
2 / Brachydiplax denticauda / - / - / - / - / EU055072 / - / -
3 / Brachydiplax denticauda / - / - / - / EU055364 / - / - / -
4 / Brachydiplax sobrina / India / - / KC287154 / - / - / - / -
5 / Chalcostephia flavifrons / Malawi / - / - / - / EF640385 / - / -
6 / Chalcostephia flavifrons / Cameroon / - / - / - / - / - / FN356059
7 / Elga leptostyla / - / - / - / - / - / GU196354 / -
8 / Hemistigma albipunctata / - / - / - / - / - / GU196352 / -
9 / Micrathyria atra / Peru / - / - / - / EF640386 / - / -
10 / Micrathyria didyma / - / - / - / - / - / GU196361 / -
11 / Nannophyopsis clara / - / - / - / - / - / GU196358 / -
12 / Nannothemis bella / U.S.A / - / - / - / EF640388 / - / -
13 / Nannophya pygmaea / Japan / - / - / - / DQ021420 / - / -
14 / Nannophya pygmaea / South Korea / - / EU048766 / - / - / - / -
15 / Nannophya pygmaea / Taiwan / - / - / - / - / - / AB707108
16 / Nannophya pygmaea / Malaysia / - / - / - / - / - / AB707107
17 / Oligoclada amphinome / - / - / - / - / - / GU196357 / -
18 / Porpacithemis sp. / - / - / - / - / - / GU196351 / -
19 / Porpacithemis trithemoides / - / - / - / - / GU323128 / - / -
20 / Porpax risi / Malawi / - / - / - / EF640389 / - / -
21 / Thermochoria equivocata / - / - / - / - / - / GU196350 / -
22 / Uracis imbuta / - / - / - / - / - / GU196363 / -
23 / Uracis infumata / Peru / - / - / - / EF640391 / - / -
Leucorrhiniinae
24 / Brachymesia gravida / U.S.A / - / - / - / EF640392 / - / -
25 / Brachymesia herbida / - / - / - / - / - / GU196344 / -
26 / Celithemis elisa / U.S.A / - / - / - / DQ021425 / - / -
27 / Leucorrhinia dubia dubia | / Sweden / - / - / - / - / AF549536 / -
28 / Leucorrhinia glacialis / U.S.A / - / - / - / EF640394 / - / -
29 / Leucorrhinia intermedia / Japan / - / - / - / - / - / AF549556
Libellulinae
30 / Agrionoptera insignis / - / - / - / - / DQ021439 / - / -
31 / Agrionoptera insignis / Japan / AB707049
32 / Agrionoptera sanguinolenta / Japan / - / - / - / - / - / AB707050
33 / Boninthemis insularis / Japan / - / - / - / - / - / AB707052 |
34 / Cratilla lineata / India / - / KC122226 / - / - / - / -
35 / Cratilla metallica / Gabon / - / - / - / DQ021441 / - / -
36 / Cratilla metallica / Malaysia / - / - / - / - / - / AB707058
37 / Cratilla lineata / Malaysia / - / - / - / - / - / AB707057
38 / Diplacina ismene / - / - / - / - / - / GU196366 / -
39 / Fylgia amazonica / - / - / - / - / - / GU196353 / -
40 / Ladona depressa / - / - / - / - / JQ964136 / -
41 / Ladona depressa / China / - / - / DQ166795 / - / - / -
42 / Lathrecista asiatica / India / - / - / - / EF640398 / - / -
43 / Lathrecista asiatica / Malaysia / - / - / - / - / AB707077
44 / Libellula angelina / Japan / - / AB708982 / - / AB708038 / - / AB707088
45 / Libellula angelina / Japan / - / AB708983 / - / AB708039 / - / AB707089
46 / Libellula saturata / - / - / - / EU055326 / - / -
47 / Libellula quadrimaculata / Japan / - / AB708987 / - / AB708043 / - / AB707093
48 / Libellula quadrimaculata / Japan / - / AB708986 / - / AB708042 / - / AB707092
Libellula quadrimaculata / - / - / - / - / - / GU196332 / -
50 / Libellula quadrimaculata / Belgium / - / - / - / - / - / FN356119
51 / Lyriothemis elegantissima / Gabon / - / - / - / DQ021442 / - / -
52 / Lyriothemis elegantissi / Japan / - / - / - / - / - / AB707095
53 / Lyriothemis pachygastra / China / - / - / DQ166800 / - / - / -
54 / Lyriothemis pachygastra / Japan / - / - / - / - / - / AB707099
55 / Misagria parana / - / - / - / - / DQ021419 / - / -
56 / Misagria parana / - / - / - / - / - / GU196331 / -
57 / O. abbotti / Madagascar / - / - / - / EF631591 / - / -
58 / O. albistylum / South Korea / - / AB781537 / - / - / - / -
59 / O. albistylum / China / - / AB781538 / - / - / - / -
60 / O. albistylum / Japan / - / AB709012 / - / AB708068 / - / AB707118
61 / O. albistylum / Japan / - / AB709016 / - / AB708072 / - / AB707122
62 / O. albistylum / China / - / - / DQ166806 / - / - / -
63 / O. albistylum / NA / - / - / - / - / FJ596601 / -
64 / O. albistylum / South Korea / - / - / - / AB781505 / - / -
65 / O. albistylum / China / - / - / - / AB781507 / - / -
66 / O. albistylum / France / - / - / - / EU477732 / - / -
67 / O. albistylum / Greece / - / - / - / EU477731 / - / -
68 / O. albistylum / Japan / - / - / - / - / AB781474
69 / O. brachiale / Namibia / - / KC912256 / - / - / - / -
70 / O. brachiale / Namibia / - / KC912257 / - / - / - / -
71 / O. brunneum / NA / - / - / - / DQ021416 / - / -
72 / O. brunneum / Iran / - / - / - / DQ021414 / - / -
73 / O. brunneum / France / - / - / - / DQ021411 / - / -
74 / O. chrysostigma / Namibia / - / KC912261 / - / - / - / -
75 / O. chrysostigma / Namibia / - / KC912262 / - / - / - / -
76 / O. coerulescens / Italy / - / KC912265 / - / - / - / -
77 / O. coerulescens / Germany / - / KC912271 / - / - / - / -
78 / O. coerulescens / France / - / - / - / DQ021445 / - / -
79 / O. glaucum / Malaysia / - / AB709020 / - / AB708076 / - / -
80 / O. glaucum / Japan / - / AB781540 / - / AB781508 / - / -
81 / O. glaucum / India / - / KC122232 / - / - / - / -
82 / O. glaucum / China / - / AB781541 / - / - / - / -
83 / O. glaucum / Japan / - / - / - / AB781510 / - / -
84 / O. glaucum / Japan / AB709018 / AB708074 / - / AB707124
85 / O. glaucum / Malaysia / AB709019 / AB708075 / - / AB707125
86 / O. glaucum / Japan / - / AB709021 / - / AB708077 / - / -
87 / O. internum / China / - / AB709022 / - / AB708078 / - / AB707128
88 / O. internum / Taiwan / - / AB709025 / - / - / - / -
89 / O. internum / China / - / AB709023 / - / AB708079 / - / AB707129
90 / O. internum / Taiwan / - / - / - / AB708081 / - / -
91 / O. internum / Japan / - / - / - / - / AB707127
92 / O. japonicum / Japan / - / AB709027 / - / - / - / -
93 / O. japonicum / Japan / - / AB709030 / - / AB708086 / - / AB707136
94 / O. japonicum / Japan / - / AB709028 / - / AB708084 / - / AB707134
95 / O. japonicum / Japan / - / - / - / AB708083 / - / -
96 / O. japonicum / Japan / AB709029 / AB708085 / - / AB707135
97 / O. Julia falsum / Namibia / - / KC912280 / - / - / - / -
98 / O. Julia falsum / Namibia / - / KC912281 / - / - / - / -
99 / O. julia / South Africa / - / - / - / EF631602 / - / -
100 / O. luzonicum / Japan / - / AB709031 / - / AB708087 / - / AB707137
101 / O. luzonicum / China / - / AB781544 / - / - / - / -
102 / O. luzonicum / Japan / - / AB709033 / - / - / - / -
103 / O. luzonicum / China / - / AB781543 / - / - / - / -
104 / O. luzonicum / China / - / - / - / AB781512 / - / -
105 / O. luzonicum / Japan / - / AB709032 / - / AB708088 / - / AB707138
106 / O. luzonicum / India / - / - / - / - / - / FN356141
107 / O. melania / China / - / AB781548 / - / - / - / -
108 / O. melania / South Korea / - / AB781549 / - / AB781517 / - / -
109 / O. melania / Japan / - / AB781550 / - / - / - / -
110 / O. melania / Japan / - / AB126005 / AB126005 / - / - / -
111 / O. melania / Taiwan / - / - / - / AB708100 / - / -
112 / O. melania / China / - / - / - / AB708102 / - / -
113 / O. melania / Japan / - / AB709067 / AB708123 / - / AB707173
114 / O. melania / Japan / - / AB709071 / AB708127 / - / AB707177
115 / O. melania / Taiwan / - / - / - / AB708099 / - / -
116 / O. melania / Japan / - / - / - / AB711421 / - / -
117 / O. melania / Japan / - / - / - / AB781513 / - / -
118 / O. melania / Japan / - / - / - / - / - / AB707160
119 / O. melania / Japan / - / - / - / - / - / AB707166
120 / O. melania / Japan / - / - / - / - / - / AB707205
121 / O. melania / Malaysia / - / - / - / - / - / AB781504
122 / O. poecilops miyajimaense / Japan / - / AB709087 / - / AB708143 / - / AB707193
123 / O. poecilops / Hong Kong / - / AB709089 / - / - / - / -
124 / O. poecilops poecilips / Hong Kong / - / AB709088 / AB708144 / - / AB707194
125 / O. poecilops / Japan / - / - / - / AB707195
126 / O. poecilops / Hong Kong / - / - / - / AB708145 / - / -
127 / O. pruinosum neglectum / Japan / - / AB709090 / - / AB708146 / - / AB707196
128 / O. pruinosum neglectum / Japan / - / AB709091 / - / AB708147 / - / AB707197
129 / O. pruinosum neglectum / China / - / AB781553 / - / AB781521 / - / -
130 / O. pruinosum neglectum / India / - / KC122236 / - / - / - / -
131 / O. pruinosum neglectum / NA / - / - / - / EF640403 / - / -
132 / O. pruinosum neglectum / Japan / - / - / - / - / - / AB781489
133 / O. sabina / Japan / - / AB709093 / - / AB708149 / - / AB707199
134 / O. sabina / Fiji / - / AB781554 / - / - / - / -
135 / O. sabina / India / - / KC122234 / - / - / - / -
136 / O. sabina / China / - / DQ166788 / - / - / -
137 / O. sabina / India / - / - / - / EF640404 / - / -
138 / O. sabina / Fiji / - / - / - / AB781522 / - / -
139 / O. sabina / Japan / - / AB709092 / AB708148 / AB707198
140 / O. sabina / Japan / - / - / - / - / AB781490
141 / O. triangulare / China / - / AB709097 / - / AB708153 / - / -
142 / O. triangulare / Laos / - / AB709102 / - / AB708158 / - / -
143 / O. triangulare / Malaysia / - / AB709098 / - / - / - / -
144 / O. triangulare / Nepal / - / AB709100 / - / - / - / -
145 / O. triangulare / India / - / KC287152 / - / - / - / -
146 / O. triangulare / Nepal / - / AB711445 / - / AB711420 / - / -
147 / O. triangulare / Taiwan / - / AB781555 / - / AB781523 / - / -
148 / O. triangulare / Malaysia / - / - / - / AB781536 / - / -
149 / O. trinacria / Namibia / - / KC912285 / - / - / - / -
150 / O. trinacria / Namibia / - / KC912286 / - / - / - / -
151 / Orthemis cultriformis / Guaina / - / - / - / DQ021444 / - / -
152 / Oxythemis phoenicosceles / Benin / - / - / - / EF640405 / - / -
153 / Oxythemis phoenicosceles / - / - / - / - / - / GU196338 / -
154 / Plathemis lydia / Canada / - / JN420199 / - / - / - / -
155 / Plathemis subornata / U.S.A / - / - / - / EF640406 / - / -
156 / Potamarcha obscura / China / - / - / DQ166796 / - / - / -
157 / Potamarcha congener / - / - / - / - / EF640407 / - / -
158 / Thermorthemis madagascariensis / - / - / - / - / DQ021438 / - / -
Onychothemistinae
159 / Onychothemis testacea / Vietnam / - / - / - / EF640408 / - / -
Palpopleurinae / -
160 / Palpopleura lucia / - / - / - / - / - / GU196337 / -
161 / Palpopleura sp / Cameroon / FN356143
162 / Palpopleura sexmaculata / China / - / - / DQ166790 / - / - / -
163 / Perithemis intensa / - / - / - / - / EU055047 / - / -
164 / Perithemis lais / - / - / - / - / - / GU196362 / -
165 / Perithemis intensa / - / - / - / EU055337 / - / -
166 / Rhodothemis rufa / Hong Kong / - / - / - / EF640438 / - / -
167 / Zenithoptera fasciata / - / - / - / - / - / GU196364 / -
Sympetrinae / -
168 / Acisoma panorpoides / India / - / KC122228 / - / - / - / -
169 / Acisoma panorpoides / China / - / - / DQ166802 / - / - / -
170 / Acisoma panorpoides / Hong Kong / - / - / - / EF640410 / - / -
171 / Acisoma panorpoides / Japan / - / - / - / - / - / -AB707045
172 / Acisoma panorpoides / Cameroon / - / - / - / - / - / FN356030
173 / Brachythemis contaminata / China / - / - / DQ166797 / - / - / -
174 / Brachythemis contaminata / Japan / - / - / - / - / - / AB707056
175 / Bradinopyga geminata / India / - / JX306648 / - / - / - / -
176 / Bradinopyga cornuta / Zimbabwe / - / - / - / EF640413 / - / -
177 / Crocothemis nigrifrons / Australia / - / - / - / EF640415 / - / -
178 / Crocothemis servilia / China / - / - / DQ166789 / - / - / -
179 / Deielia phaon / Japan / - / - / - / EF640417 / - / -
180 / Deielia phaon / - / - / - / - / - / GU196343 / -
181 / Deielia phaon / Japan / - / - / - / - / - / AB707068
182 / Diplacodes nebulosa / India / - / - / - / EF640420 / - / -
183 / Diplacodes trivialis / India / - / JX306647 / - / - / - / -
184 / Diplacodes trivialis / China / - / - / DQ166785 / - / - / -
185 / Diplacodes trivialis / - / - / - / - / - / GU196342 / -
186 / Diplacodes lefebvrei / India / FN356080
187 / Erythemis vesiculosa / - / - / - / - / - / GU196360 / -
188 / Erythrodiplax basalis / U.S.A / - / - / - / EF640423 / - / -
189 / Erythrodiplax minuscula / - / - / - / EU055340 / - / - / -
190 / Erythrodiplax minuscula / - / - / - / - / EU055050 / - / -
191 / Nannodiplax rubra / Australia / - / - / - / EF640428 / - / -
192 / Nesogonia blackburni / Hawaii / - / - / - / EF640429 / - / -
193 / Neurothemis fulvia / China / - / - / - / EF640430 / - / -
194 / Neurothemis fulvia / China / - / - / DQ166784 / - / - / -
195 / Neurothemis fulvia / Thailand / - / - / - / - / - / FN356136
196 / Neurothemis intermedia / India / - / KC122227 / - / - / - / -
197 / Neurothemis ramburii / - / - / - / - / - / GU196339 / -
198 / Pachydiplax longipennis / U.S.A / - / - / - / EF640433 / - / -
199 / Pseudoleon superbus / U.S.A / - / - / - / EF640435 / - / -
200 / Rhodopygia cardinalis / Peru / - / - / - / EF640436 / - / -
201 / Rhodopygia hinei / Costa Rica / - / - / - / EF640437 / - / -
202 / Sympetrum eroticumardens / China / - / - / DQ166804 / - / - / -
203 / Sympetrum fonscolombei / - / - / - / - / - / GU196359 / -
204 / Sympetrum kunckeli / China / - / - / DQ166803 / - / - / -
205 / Sympetrum parvulumm / Japan / - / - / - / JQ772611 / - / -
206 / Sympetrum pedemontanum / The Netherlands / JQ772563
207 / Sympetrum risim / Japan / - / - / - / JQ772612 / - / -
208 / Sympetrum semicinctum / United States of America / - / - / - / - / - / EF636399
209 / Sympetrum striolatum / France / - / - / - / - / - / FN356172
210 / Sympetrum uniforme / China / - / - / DQ166793 / - / - / -
211 / Sympetrum vulgatum / - / - / EF636247 / - / - / - / -
212 / Trithetrum navasi / Ghana / - / - / - / EF640448 / - / -
Tetrathemistinae / -
213 / Allorhizucha preussi / Gabon / - / - / - / DQ021434 / - / -
214 / Bironides sp. / - / - / - / - / - / GU196365 / -
215 / Eothemis zygoptera / - / - / - / - / - / GU196348 / -
216 / Malgassophlebia aequatoris / Gabon / - / - / - / DQ021433 / - / -
217 / Malgassophlebia aequatoris / - / - / - / - / - / GU196349 / -
218 / Micromacromia camerunica / Kenya / - / - / - / DQ021436 / - / -
219 / Micromacromia camerunica / - / - / - / - / - / GU196367 / -
220 / Nannophlebia sp / - / - / - / - / EU055044 / - / -
221 / Neodythemis africana / - / - / - / - / DQ021435 / - / -
222 / Notiothemis robertsi / Kenya / - / - / - / DQ021431 / - / -
223 / Philonomon luminans / Zambia / - / - / - / EF640434 / - / -
224 / Tetrathemis corduliformis / - / - / - / - / - / GU196368 / -
225 / Tetrathemis platyptera / India / - / KC122235 / - / - / - / -
Trameinae
226 / Hydrobasileus croceus / Japan / - / - / - / - / - / AB707074
227 / Miathyria marcella / U.S.A / - / - / - / EF640449 / - / -
228 / Miathyria simplex / - / - / - / - / - / GU196345 / -
229 / Pantala flavescens / China / - / - / DQ166791 / - / - / -
230 / Pantala flavescens / U.S.A / - / - / - / EF640450 / - / -
231 / Rhyothemis fuliginosa / - / - / - / - / - / GU196333 / -
232 / Rhyothemis severini / Japan / - / - / - / - / - / AB707217
233 / Rhyothemis variegata / Japan / - / - / - / - / - / AB707219
234 / Rhyothemis variegata / India / - / KC287151 / - / - / - / -
235 / Rhyothemis variegata imperatrix / Japan / - / - / - / DQ021428 / - / -
236 / Tholymis tillarga / U.S.A / - / - / - / EF640452 / - / -
237 / Tholymis tillarga / Japan / - / - / - / - / - / AB707303
238 / Tholymis tillarga / Japan / - / - / - / - / AB707302
239 / Tramea chinensis / China / - / - / DQ166798 / - / - / -
240 / Tramea lacerata / - / - / - / - / EU055076 / - / -
241 / Tramea lacerata / - / - / EU055368 / - / - / - / -
242 / Tramea limbata / India / - / KC122233 / - / - / - / -
243 / Tramea propinqua / Indonesia / - / - / - / - / - / AB707315
244 / Tramea virginia / Japan / - / - / - / - / - / AB707335
245 / Zyxomma obtusum / Japan / - / - / - / - / - / AB707345
246 / Zyxomma petiolatum / - / - / - / - / - / GU196340 / -
247 / Zyxomma petiolatum / Japan / - / - / - / -- / - / AB707346
Trithemistinae / -
248 / Atoconeura sp. / - / - / - / - / - / GU196355 / -
249 / Brechmorhoga mendax / U.S.A / - / - / - / EF640453 / - / -
250 / Brechmorhoga praedatrix / - / - / - / - / - / GU196346 / -
251 / Dythemis fugax / U.S.A / - / - / - / EF640454 / - / -
252 / Huonia epinephela / Papua New Guainía / - / - / - / DQ021429 / - / -
253 / Huonia epinephela / - / - / - / - / - / GU196370 / -
254 / Paltothemis lineatipes / U.S.A / - / - / - / EF640455 / - / -
255 / Pseudothemis zonata / Japan / AB707212
256 / Pseudothemis zonata / - / - / - / - / - / GU196341 / -
257 / Pseudothemis zonata / China / - / - / DQ166799 / - / - / -
258 / Trithemis aurora / - / - / - / EU055400 / - / - / -
259 / Trithemis aurora / Japan / - / - / - / - / - / AB707344
260 / Trithemis dorsalis / South Africa / - / - / - / GU323132 / - / -
261 / Trithemis festiva / China / - / - / DQ166786 / - / - / -
262 / Trithemis pallidinervis / India / FN356178
Urothemistinae
263 / Aethriamanta brevipennis / India / - / KC287158 / - / - / - / -
264 / Aethriamanta rezia / - / - / - / - / - / GU196369 / -
265 / Macrodiplax balteata / U.S.A / - / - / - / EF640459 / - / -
266 / Macrodiplax balteata / - / - / - / - / EU055040 / - / -
267 / Macrodiplax balteata / - / - / - / EU055332 / - / -
268 / Macrodiplax cora / Japan / - / - / - / - / - / AB707101
269 / Macrodiplax cora / Japan / - / - / - / - / - / AB707100
270 / Selysiothemis nigra / Turkey / FN356162 |
271 / Urothemis assignata / Kenya / - / - / - / EF640460 / - / -
Zygonychinae
272 / Olpogastra lugubris / - / - / - / - / - / GU196336 / -
273 / Zygonyx ida / Malaysia / - / - / - / - / - / FN356181
274 / Zygonyx iris / Vietnam / - / - / - / EF640461 / - / -
Supplementary Figure Legends
Supplementary Figure 1 | BI Tree based on 28S rDNA nucleotide sequences. Numeric values at the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities/ML bootstrap.
Supplementary Figure 2 | BI Tree based on COII nucleotide sequences. Numeric values at the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities/ML bootstrap.
Supplementary Figure 3 | BI Tree based on combined COI+COII+16S rDNA nucleotide sequences. Numeric values at the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities/ML bootstrap.
Supplementary Figure 4 | BI Tree based on combined COI+COII+16S rDNA+28S rDNA +ITS 1&2 nucleotide sequences. Numeric values at the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities/ML bootstrap.