Unit 6.1 The War Between the States

  1. Strengths and Weaknesses of the North and South
  2. Military leadership
  3. North: had a naval advantage – controlled the navy, had better ports, most sailors came from New England, had nearly all of the shipyards
  4. Key military officers
  5. George ______
  6. Ulysses S. ______
  7. William Tecumseh ______
  8. South: had more men with formal military training
  9. Key military officers
  10. Robert E. ______
  11. Thomas “Stonewall” ______
  12. J.E.B. ______
  13. Manpower
  14. North: population of ___ million; had enough men to build up the army and still keep factories and farms running
  15. South: population of ____million (including 3 million slaves); nearly all adult white males would have to fight while ______and ______ran the farms and industries
  1. Manufacturing & Technology
  2. North: 80% of factories were in the North; controlled nearly all textile, iron, weapon, and gunpowder manufacturing
  3. South: had very little manufacturing capacity; raced to build munitions factories but still relied heavily on imported goods from ______
  4. New technologies during the war
  5. ______replaced muskets: faster loading and more accurate, leading to higher casualty counts during the war
  6. “______”: steam-powered warships covered in heavy iron armor
  7. USS Monitor
  8. CSS Virginia (captured as the USS Merrimack
  9. Battle of Hampton Roads: first battle between ironclads; no winner
  10. ______
  11. CSS Hunley: first submarine to sink an opposing ship
  12. Transportation
  13. North: had more railroads, turnpikes, canals, better ports, and controlled the Great Lakes
  14. South: few railroads, few ports, relied heavily on the ______River to move goods
  15. Finances
  16. North:
  17. had an established treasury
  18. controlled ______reserves
  19. high income from ______
  20. many powerful banks with money to loan the government
  21. South:
  22. depended almost entirely on ______, like cotton and tobacco, which had to be delivered to Europe – once Union blocked Southern ports, this trade was cut off
  23. Southern planters’ wealth was in ______and slaves, not ______
  24. Southern banks were small, had little money to loan government
  25. Strategy
  26. North: The ______Plan
  27. Blockade southern ports, cutting off trade
  28. Seize control of the Mississippi River, dividing South in half
  29. Prevent Europe from entering war in support of the ______
  30. Would take time, but be less costly in human lives
  31. South: Defensive Strategy
  32. Choose battles to the South’s advantage
  33. Fight a war of ______– make the war too expensive in both money and lives and popular support for the war would die in the North
  34. Gain European ______
  1. European involvement
  2. Britain and France depended on Southern ______and on trade with the South, but did not want to go to war with the US
  3. Took a “wait and see” approach – if South could prove itself militarily, then Europe would help
  4. ______Affair (Nov. 1861)
  5. British ship (the Trent) carrying Southern diplomats was stopped by US warship near Cuba and the diplomats arrested
  6. Britain objected and threatened ______
  7. Lincoln released the diplomats to avoid having Britain enter war in support of ______
  8. Political problems for the North
  9. Republican divisions
  10. Some wanted to make ______the war’s focus
  11. Others, like Lincoln, chose to focus on preserving the ______over ending slavery
  12. Democratic divisions
  13. ______Democrats: supported use of military force against the South to preserve the Union
  14. ______Democrats: opposed the war, wanted to negotiate with the South
  15. Called “______” by Republicans who saw their opposition to the war as treason
  16. Conscription: “______” used to force men to join the Army
  17. Hurt the poor because the rich could pay a $300 fee to get out of service or hire a ______(substitute) to serve for them
  18. Opposed by the Democrats
  19. Led to violent draft riots in many Northern cities, including New York
  20. Suspension of ______
  21. Lincoln suspended the constitutional requirement that no one could be arrested and imprisoned without being charged with a specific crime and given a trial
  22. Anyone suspected of aiding the South or who encouraged resisting the draft was imprisoned indefinitely
  23. ______of 1862
  24. Worried citizens in North began to hoard gold and silver, creating a financial crisis
  25. US began to issue paper money (called “______”)since gold and silver were not available
  26. The War
  27. ______(First Battle of Manassas) (July 1861)
  28. 1st major battle, ______victory
  29. Importance: dispelled idea that the war would be short
  30. Fall of ______(April 1862)
  31. Importance: North captured the South’s largest port and the mouth of the Mississippi River
  32. Grant’s ______Campaign (1862)
  33. Importance: Grant became recognized as a “winner,” but also as someone who would sacrifice as many men as it took to win
  34. McClellan’s ______Campaign (1862)
  35. Importance: North tried, but failed, to capture Southern capital of Richmond, VA; Lincoln became frustrated with overly-cautious tactics of his top general
  36. ______(Aug. 1862)
  37. Importance: Southern victory that opened the North to invasion
  38. ______(Sept. 1862)
  39. Bloodiest single day of the war – over 22,000 casualties
  40. Importance: Union turns back Lee’s first attempt to invade the North
  41. The ______Proclamation (Jan. 1, 1863)
  42. Lincoln frees the slaves in the Confederate states, but not in the Union-controlled Border states
  43. Provides a moral cause that encourages many, especially free blacks, to join the Union Army
  44. Siege of ______(May – July, 1863)
  45. Importance: when Vicksburg surrendered, Union forces gained full control of the Mississippi River, cutting the South in half
  46. ______(July 1-3, 1863)
  47. Importance: Lee’s second attempt to invade the North fails, South suffers devastating losses from which it will never recover
  48. The Gettysburg Address (Nov.19, 1863)
  49. Importance: Lincoln’s speech at the dedication of the National Cemetery reaffirms North’s dedication to preserving the Union at all costs
  50. Sherman’s “______” (Nov.-Dec., 1863)
  51. Union armies devastate Georgia and then South Carolina using a “______” policy of destroying everything in their path, including crops, houses, railroads, and factories
  52. Importance: crushing blow to both the Confederate economy and Southern morale
  53. Election of 1864
  54. Lincoln (a Republican) runs for re-election with ______as his Vice-President (a War Democrat) against George McClellan
  55. Lincoln’s strategy to win Democratic support works, and he wins re-election
  56. ______Courthouse (April 9, 1865)
  57. Importance: Lee sees no way for the South to win the war and so surrenders to Grant
  58. Two-weeks later the last major Confederate fighting force surrenders in Durham, NC
  59. The Civil War ends
  60. Lincoln’s Assassination (April 14, 1865)
  61. Lincoln is shot in the head by Confederate sympathizer ______and dies
  62. Booth is killed on April 26 while trying to avoid capture
  63. Booth’s co-conspirators (including Mary Surratt) are arrested, tried, and hung