Unit 1 - Exploration and Colonization Test Review Answers
1. List 3 reasons for exploration: (RS)
Religion (God)
Wealth (Gold)
Fame (Glory)
National Pride
Curiosity
Quest for faster cheaper trade routes
2. List 3 reasons for colonization: (RS)
Religious Freedom
Political Freedom
Economic Freedom
Social Mobility
Promises of a better way of life
3. What is a physical characteristic? (RS)
What you can describe based only on what you see with your eyes.
4. Give 1 examples of a physical characteristic of each region. (New England, Middle and Southern) BE FAMILIAR WITH ALL CHARACTERISTICS (RS)
See Physical Characteristics/ Human Characteristics Foldable
NE- Subsistence farming, Atlantic Ocean, Poor Soil, Cold Climate, Forest
MC- rich soil, broad, deep rivers, more natural ports, river valleys, mild winters, raw materials, Atlantic Ocean
SC- Appalachian Mountains, Navigable rivers, Richer soil, Warm climate, Raw materials
5. Give 1 example of a political characteristic of each region. (New England, Middle and Southern) BE FAMILIAR WITH ALL CHARACTERISTICS (SS)
See Physical Characteristics/ Human Characteristics Foldable
NE- Town meetings, representative government
MC- More tolerance
SC- More slaves, more class-based society
6. Give 1 example of an economic characteristic of each region. (New England, Middle and Southern) BE FAMILIAR WITH ALL CHARACTERISTICS (SS)
See Physical Characteristics/ Human Characteristics Foldable
NE- raw materials, logging, fishing, shipbuilding
MC-Large farms, logging, fishing, shipbuilding
SC-Plantations
7.Give 1 example of religious characteristic of each region. (New England, Middle and Southern) BE FAMILIAR WITH ALL CHARACTERISTICS (SS)
NE- Puritans
MC- Quakers, Catholics
SC- Church of England, Catholics (Maryland)
8. Give 1 example of a social characteristic of each region. (New England, Middle and Southern) BE FAMILIAR WITH ALL CHARACTERISTICS (SS)
NE- small coastal towns (Boston only large city)
MC-small coastal towns (Philadelphia & New York City were large cities)
SC-small coastal towns (Baltimore, Savannah, Charleston were large cities)
9. What was the effect of long, harsh winters in New England? (RS)
Subsistence farming, shipbuilding, and fishing
10. What was the effect of shorter winters and fertile soil in the Middle Colonies? (RS)
Farming, trade, and large immigrant population
11. What was the effect of good natural ports in the Middle Colonies? (RS)
Trade; High population Density; More people moved there from different countries; Diverse population, languages, foods, customs, traditions.
12. What was the effect of a warm climate with good soil in the Southern Colonies? (RS)
Plantation system and large slavery system
13. List 1 example of how the colonists in the New England colonies made money. BE FAMILIAR WITH ALL ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS (SS)
Raw materials, logging, fishing, shipbuilding
14. List 1 example of how the colonists in the Middle Colonies made money. BE FAMILIAR WITH ALL ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS (SS)
Large Farms, logging, fishing, shipbuilding
15. List 1 example of how the colonists in the Southern Colonies made money. BE FAMILIAR WITH ALL ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS (SS)
Plantation System
16. What groups of people settled in the colonies for religious reasons? (RS)
Separatists/Pilgrims (Massachusetts)(Plymouth)
Puritans (Massachusetts)(Massachusetts Bay)
Quakers (Pennsylvania)
Catholics (Maryland)
17. What ethnic groups settled in the colonies for economic reasons? (RS)
Dutch (New York) Economic reasons
Swedes (Delaware) Economic reasons
18. What were the two RACIAL groups during the colonial period? (RS)
Europeans and Africans
19. What group of people settled for religious and political freedom? (RS)
English – religious & political freedom
20. List the 3 reasons that the colonists wanted to form representative governments in the colonies? (RS)
1) The distance from England (King was too far away)
2) English traditions including the Rights of Englishmen
3) Most colonies were self-governing
21. Be able to identify the following historical documents: Mayflower Compact, The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (SS)
Mayflower Compact – an agreement that established the idea of self-government
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut – 1st written constitution in the colonies
22. Be able to explain why the The Virginia House of Burgesses is significant to the forming of representative governments in the colonies.(SS)
Virginia House of Burgesses – 1st representative assembly in the American colonies
23. Be able to identify the following people: Thomas Hooker. Charles de Montesquieu, John Locke, William Blackstone, William Penn, Anne Hutchinson, Eliza Lucas Pinckney and Pocahontas (SS)
Hooker- influenced the writing of the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut – democratic ideas – elections by the people
Montesquieu – expanded on Locke’s ideas, wrote the separation of powers- helped to develop representative government in the colonies
Locke – Life, Liberty, & Protection of Property – influenced Thomas Jefferson & the Writing of the Declaration of Independence – helped to develop representative government in the colonies
Blackstone- religious tolerance, self-defense, life & liberty
Penn- freedom of religion, Quakers, self-government in Pennsylvania
Hutchinson- Fought for religious beliefs and was kicked out of Mass. Went to R.I.
Pinckney- developed indigo as cash crop in South Carolina
Pocahontas – helped John Smith at Jamestown the 1st permanent English colony
24. Describe the Protestant Reformation. (SS)
Protestant Reformation in Europe brought many religious groups to the colonies, especially the New England and Middle Colonies
25. Describe the First Great Awakening. (SS)
-Salvation for all, not those predestined
- Stimulated growth in all denominations
- Began the development of denominational colleges
- Ideas of Equality
26. Why was the Plymouth Colony important in the development of religious freedom in the colonies? ALLOWED SELF-GOVERNING CHURCHES (SS)
27. Who founded Massachusetts Bay Colony? (SS)
Roger Williams
28. Why is Rhode Island significant in the development of religious freedom in the colonies? ROGER WILLIAMS AND ANNE HUTCHINSON FLED HERE BECAUSE THERE WOULD BE NO CHURCH STATE.
29 What did Pennsylvania guarantee that helped in the development of religious freedom in the colonies? EQUALITY, RELIGIOUS AND POLITICAL FREEDOM (SS)
30. Who was Pennsylvania founded for? (SS) Quakers
31. What was significant of Virginia in the development of religious freedom in the colonies? FIRST COLONY TO SEPARATE CHURCH AND STATE & NO GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT IN RELIGION (SS)
32. What did the Bill of Rights of 1791 guarantee?
NO STATE CHURCH & NO GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT IN RELIGION (SS)
33. Explain how the TRANSATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE led to the development of slavery. (RS)
Started in the British West Indies to provide a labor force for the sugar plantations
The Triangular Trade developed between the Colonies, England, and West Indies
Enslaved people were traded in the colonies for other goods
DEMAND for rice, indigo, tobacco, cotton led to plantation owners needing more enslaved people and the slavery trade increased.
34. Explain how the PLANTATION SYSTEM led to the spread of slavery. (RS)
Large amounts of land available in the Southern Colonies; rich soil, almost year-round growing season; ideal for plantation crops (tobacco, rice, indigo, cotton) more labor = increased profits.
35. Explain what crops were in demand and caused slavery to spread.(RS)
Tobacco, rice, indigo, cotton
36. Explain the impact of slavery in the south. (RS)
More slaves = more crops= more money
37. Be able to compare and contrast free blacks with slaves.(SS)
Free Blacks
1) worked for low wages 2)lowest social class 3)socially isolated 4)limited access to education
Slaves
1) Property 2)Children could be sold 3)Not considered American
Both
1) No political Voice 2)Couldn’t VOTE 3)Counted toward population 4)Practiced resistance 5)Family & Religion kept them strong