Kwanzaa is a holiday for African Americans that was created by Maulana Karenga (a professor of Africana studies, activist, and author) which was first celebrated in 1966. Kwanzaa begins on December 26 and ends on January 1 and the holiday’s name comes from the Swahili phrase matunda ya kwanza, which means “first fruits of the harvest.” Karenga, who played a key role in the Black Power movement of the 60’s and 70’s, created Kwanzaa as a way for African Americans to connect with and honor their Pan-African heritage and culture. During Kwanzaa, people with African ancestry observe the Nguzo Saba, or “seven principles of African heritage,” and each day of the holiday is dedicated to one of these principles.
The Kinara is a type of candle-holder used in celebrations which holds one candle for each of the Nguzo Saba, which are:
UMOJA: Unity
KUJICHAGULI: Self-Determination
UJIMA: Collective Work and Responsibility
UJAMAA: Cooperative Economics
NIA: Purpose
KUUMBA: Creativity
IMANI: Faith
Symbols of Kwanzaa represent various traditions and elements of Pan-African culture:
MKEKA:A straw mat that serves as a foundation for all the other celebratory items used during Kwanzaa. / MUHINDI:
Ears of corn represent the “children of the stalk,” or the many people connected by their African heritage. / ZAWADI:
Gifts given that frequently represent the Nguzo Saba. Gifts are given on the last day of Kwanzaa along with a delicious feast. / KIKOMBE CHA UMOJA:
The name of a “Unity Cup” used to commemorate and give shukrani (thanks) to African ancestors. / MAZAO:
Fruit to symbolize the crops of the harvest, or the fruits of the labors of people of African descent from around the world.
KIDS & KWANZAA
Children are included in family celebrations during Kwanzaa as the family is a very important part of the holiday. Kids are taught about their ancestors, Pan-African heritage, and the Nguzo Saba. They also play traditional African games, like Mancala!