TSDSI-M2M-TR-UCD_Smart Governance -V0.1.0 20150317
Technical Report
Machine-to-Machine Communication (M2M)
Study on Indian Use Cases
Smart Governance
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Contents
1. Introduction
2. Purpose
3. Intended Audience
4. Scope
5. Definitions, Abbreviations, Acronyms
6. Use Cases for Smart Governance
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Challenges
6.2 Notable Use Cases
6.2.1 Passport Seva Project
6.2.2 Indian Railways Ticket Booking
6.2.3 National Land Record Modernization Program
6.3 Priority Use Cases
6.3.1 Financial Inclusion
6.3.2 Watershed Management
6.3.3 Food Grain Security and Supply Chain Management
6.3.4 Disaster Prediction & Recovery Management
6.3.5 Ground Water Quality
6.3.6 Medical Service Delivery
6.3.6.1 Primary/Rural Healthcare service delivery
6.3.6.2 Patient Condition Management in Ambulance
6.4 Non Priority Use Cases
6.4.1 E-Office and Document Management
6.4.2 Government Certification Process
6.4.3 Employee Management & Attendance
6.4.4 Public Property Safety
6.4.5 Nuclear Radiation Sensing (Defence and Energy)
6.4.6 Visa & Border Transit System
6.5 Use Cases for Defence
6.5.1 Remote Monitoring of Military Infrastructure (Defence)
6.5.2 Command & Control of Unmanned Systems (Defence)
6.6 Remote Periphery Security (Defence)
6.7 Border Road Infrastructure Management
Bibliography
Document Revision History
1 INTRODUCTION
Communication infrastructure is the foundation of Process Automation, Instrumentation and Control industry, an industry that has been in existence for more than 50 years. Sensor/transducer based Remote Monitoring systems, and PLC/SCADA systems with remote control capabilities have always used dedicated communication wires or wireless (Radio/Satellite etc.) systems for providing connectivity between the end devices in the field and the control centre. In fact, several communication protocols were created in the Industrial Automation space.
On a different plane, the scorching pace of innovations in IT technologies has led to “commoditization” of devices. These devices are intelligent, have small and flexible form factor and, more importantly, can “talk”, by integrating standard communication chips/modules of any communication technology, almost in a plug and play fashion. Therefore, the world is now witnessing emergence of devices that can communicate with each other – thus elevating automation and control engineering industry to a new level altogether – the M2M/IoT.
Industries, especially in manufacturing and process industries have been leveraging the power of “connectivity enhanced automation systems” to create solutions for improving operational efficiencies and productivity of their assets and processes. They have created industry specific standards and protocols in automation space. While many of these standards are defined at the higher levels of the OSI model, the features have been standardized pre-assuming a certain communication layer to service the application.
Till date, in most applications implemented in India in any vertical segment, the communication infrastructure selected is a captive system that is used dedicatedly for the specific solution. In a few cases, in larger organizations, certain dedicated channels of the corporate communication backbone infrastructure (if it exists) are earmarked for such solutions.
The primary reason for this is driven by the need for a safe and secure operational regime, instead of operational efficiency improvement. Automation solutions do not have a good business case in several industry segments in India (especially in Smart Grids space) due to the high TCO (CAPEX +OPEX) of the required communication systems, if these are dedicated for the solution. Even a common communication backbone at the overall organization level for all business, automation and IT needs does not make the solutions financially attractive.
As the IT sector grows in maturity in terms of robust engineering practices, creation and usage of IT tools as “products”, user organizations are willing to migrate to digital shared platforms (example - cloud) in a Platform as a service (PaaS) mode. PaaS platforms help reduce the cost of service to individual clients and at the same time brings bare minimum standard features across all vertical segments. The time is ripe for offering a common communication platform (the “information” highway) for applications from various vertical segments (the “data” vehicles), in order to bring down the TCO of the communication piece to affordable levels.
This brings the need for independent M2M platforms that can offer content transport capabilities in a seamless, reliable and affordable manner with universal standards for content handling and quality of service.
An independent M2M platform, that is based on a single or heterogeneous communication technology on the one hand, with a set of standard common services (OSS, BSS and much more), and standardized device interfaces, can be leveraged by multiple service providers, multiple user organizations and for multiple applications. Availability of standard interfaces on the communication and device facing sides of such a platform, will foster innovations in the communication and device segments, with assured quality of service.
One of the major responsibilities of TSDSI’s M2M group is to define an M2M framework to meet the above objectives. As part of this exercise, the group has undertaken study of various vertical segments to extract business requirements from an M2M/IoT platform perspective. This has helped the team bring out common requirements of all verticals, which in turn will become candidates for M2M platform functionalities. This document is a compilation of application use cases in various verticals studied by the team.
2 PURPOSE
IoT/M2M market is growing at the rate of approximately 8% CAGR (by no. of devices) and is expected to touch 20 billion No. of connected devices by 2020. As on date, “niche” services/solutions are being offered by players in key verticals in India as an end-to-end offering encompassing the devices, communication system and the controlling IT application. A few of these are – Automated Meter Reading in Power and Water Utilities, Electronic Toll Collection Systems in Transportation, OBD based vehicle eCall solutions in Vehicles, Telemedicine in Health, Remote Automated Cell Tower Monitoring, Street light Management systems in Smart City, Home security and Surveillance systems, Building Management Systems, Automated manufacturing in Industrial Automation etc. These qualify as M2M offerings in the specialized vertical segment.
In order to define a M2M service platform that can serve the needs of different verticals, it is important to understand the functional requirements of these verticals in sufficient depth for the appreciation of architecturally significant requirements.
TSDSI’s M2M group has undertaken study of various vertical segments to extract business requirements from an M2M/IoT perspective. This is intended to help cross pollinate useful features across different verticals for the overall benefit of the user community. Purpose of this exercise is to extract common requirements of all verticals which in turn will become candidates for M2M platform functionalities.
It also brings out the India specific implementation experience and learnings. This will help aspiring M2M platform providers to gain an understanding of the drivers for successful field implementation in the Indian ecosystem. It is believed that, India geographical market itself is a representative sample for emerging economies. Therefore, a framework that is defined to address this segment, will help to serve the needs of emerging economies market too.
3 INTENDED AUDIENCE
M2M Platform Solution providers (Solution and Technology Architects), Regulatory bodies and Policy makers.
Entrepreneurs who aspire to create products/Apps. for deployment on M2M platforms.
Underlying network service providers from various communication technology segments.
4 SCOPE
The document gives a brief overview of M2M use case applications in Smart Governance vertical for India geographical market.
It is intended to serve as a reference point for Architects, policy makers and Regulatory bodies to understand India specific requirements and/or drivers in each area.
A few “representative” use cases are elaborated in detail describing actors and scenarios with call flows. Architecturally considerations that are significant from an M2M perspective, ranging from information exchange interface requirements, data traffic, performance requirements, deployment considerations from Indian context are covered. Regulatory and statutory compliance requirements, currently prevalent standards are also provided. The elaborated use cases describe Indian Ecosystem specific aspects. Any foreseen constraints and challenges in such implementations are also described.
Use cases selected for elaboration were based on the criteria of their perceived architectural significance on the M2M platform and/or market potential. Architectural significance covers differentiated data requirements and India geography specific deployment requirements.
The list of use cases provided in this document is not meant to be exhaustive, rather, it is a representative of the verticals, compiled bases on contributions provided by TSDSI members and subject matter experts in this domain area. Some use cases contain evolving/future requirements also.
Some use cases can “belong” to more than one vertical. These have been described in the vertical that is currently championing its implementation in India.
5 DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS
M2M
/Machine to Machine
6 Use Cases for Smart Governance
6.1 Introduction
Good governance is a way in which a government can more efficiently produce wealth, health and sustainability and do away with fear that can harm the citizens in one way or the other, i. e. security. To achieve this, government creates policies and rules of implementations as part of government work process management that can help the government in ensuring effective service delivery to its citizens and issues that are related to the citizen directly or indirectly.
The efficient governance has following major pillars;
• Citizen centricity
• Social inclusion
• Standardized common infrastructure;
• Effective governance
• Achieve higher human development index
Govt. of India has a renewed focus on e-governance after the adoption of new theme of “Minimum Government, Maximum Governance”. Under this, some of the initiatives by previous governments have seen a new focus while at the same time some new initiatives have been taken. “Pradhanmantri Jana – Dhan –Yojana” is an example of connecting more than 100million citizens through no-frill saving accounts. Connecting these accounts through AADHAR ID directly with the payments of NREGA, subsidy of LPG gas cylinders etc. are just a few example of evolving inclusive financial ecosystem for the masses till the most marginalized sections of the society. “Pradhanmantri Jana – Dhan –Yojana”, AADHAR scheme are some of the example of building infrastructural ingredients towards an effective and inclusive G2C service delivery for the government.
Growing use of ICT technologies in e-governance has led to a more effective and efficient service delivery towards citizens while at the same time a more transparent regime of tax collection and other modes of govt. earning. IT/ITES has been one of the focus areas of the govt. of India during last one decade and there have been several projects in govt. sector through NIC (DIT) and through PPP mode.
Govt. of India has started to work towards building infrastructure for e-governance for last one and a half decades. There are still several gaps in the infrastructure with India as a context due to various reasons, for example, geographical diversity, literacy divide, resource allocation, per income capita disparity between metro, urban, sub-urban and rural regions, language barriers and pressure of increasing population. The govt. has set up various initiative to fill the gaps however efficient delivery of citizen service is a challenge even today.
National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) & National IT Policy
The Government approved the National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) comprising of 27 Mission Mode Projects and 8 components in 2006. In the year 2011, 4 projects - Health, Education, PDS and Posts were introduced to make the list of 27 MMPs to 31 Mission Mode Projects (MMPs). The Government has accorded approval to the vision, approach, strategy, key components, implementation methodology, and management structure for NeGP. The existing or ongoing projects in the MMP category, being implemented by various Central Ministries, States, and State Departments would be suitably augmented and enhanced to align with the objectives of NeGP. Govt. of India as embarked on the Citizen Service Centers (CSCs) right upto the block/panchayat level. State Wide Area Network (SWAN) was initiated as part of basic infrastructure building for the e-governance.
In order to promote e-Governance in seamlessly, multitude of policy initiatives and projects were envisaged and executed to develop core and support infrastructure. Some of the notable initiatives are State Data Centres (SDCs), State Wide Area Networks (S.W.A.N), Common Services Centres (CSCs), National e-Governance and Mobile e-Governance Services.
A Unique AADHAAR based biometric identification through electronic mode has become essential for many citizen services as of now and it is being extensively used by the government in benefit disbursement to BPL/APL families, NREGA payments, pension, insurance, rural banking etc.
“Adarsh Gram Yojana” is yet another initiative by the govt. of India which enables digitalization of villages and providing seamless connectivity to these villages. By doing so, the rural populations can join the mainstream of development along with their metro/urban and sub-urban counterparts.
Smart Governance
Smart Government is the next step of E-governance. The Smart Governance can be referred as implementation ICT technology capabilities that enable information to flow seamlessly across government agencies, government to citizen and government to business to deliver quality of services to across all government programs. It uses the technology to facilitate and support better planning and decision making. It is about improving democratic processes and transforming the ways that public services are delivered. It includes e-government, the efficiency agenda and mobile working. This section deals with the some of the use cases in which government can make use of the M2M/IoT technology. The section covers a few of them in detail however this is a non-comprehensive list of possible use cases which can be extended or narrowed down depending on the availability of the resources required for implementation.