Traumatic Brain Injury and PTSD Screening Efforts Evaluated Using Latent Class Analysis

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Traumatic Brain Injury and PTSD Screening Efforts Evaluated Using Latent Class Analysis

Hilary J. Aralis, MS*a; Caroline A. Macera, PhDa; Mitchell J. Rauh, PhD, PT, MPHa; Andrew J. MacGregor, PhDb

aNaval Health Research Center, Warfighter Performance Department, San Diego, California

bNaval Health Research Center, Medical Modeling, Simulation and Mission Support Department, San Diego, California

*Address all correspondence to Hilary Aralis, Naval Health Research Center, Warfighter Performance Department, 140 Sylvester Rd., San Diego, CA 92106-5122; phone: (619) 553-0453; fax: (619) 553-0677; e-mail:

This work was supported by the U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery under Work Unit No. 60818. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This research was conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects (Protocol NHRC.2009.0020).

Supplemental Materials

Table 1a

Demographic and Deployment-Related Characteristics by Class Membership, Effect Sizes (N = 12,581)

Systemic
vs. nonpresenting / Cognitive/behavioral
vs. nonpresenting / Comorbid
vs. nonpresenting / Systemic vs. comorbid / Cognitive/behavioral vs. comorbid / Systemic vs. cognitive/behavioral
phi / phi / phi / phi / phi / phi
Age, years / 0.0365 / 0.0560 / 0.0503 / 0.0516 / 0.1087 / 0.0867
Rank / 0.0408 / 0.0347 / 0.0488 / 0.0603 / 0.0597 / 0.0044
Service branch / 0.0331 / -0.0649 / 0.0201 / 0.0108 / -0.1519 / 0.1653
Deployment location / 0.0355 / 0.0125 / 0.0446 / 0.0394 / 0.0866 / 0.0468
*phi, phi coefficient

Table 2a

Post-Deployment Health Assessment (PDHA) and Post-Deployment Health Reassessment (PDHRA) Responses by Class Membership, Effect Sizes (N = 12,581)

Systemic
vs. nonpresenting / Cognitive/behavioral
vs. nonpresenting / Comorbid
vs. nonpresenting / Systemic vs. comorbid / Cognitive/behavioral vs. comorbid / Systemic vs. cognitive/behavioral
phi / phi / phi / phi / phi / phi
Combat exposure
See dead or wounded / -0.0197 / -0.0422 / -0.0145 / -0.0011 / -0.0455 / 0.0442
Engaged in direct combat / 0.0251 / -0.0163 / 0.0317 / -0.0227 / -0.0926 / 0.0671
Feel in great danger / 0.0992 / 0.0909 / 0.1173 / -0.0919 / -0.0853 / -0.0117
Total number / 0.0724 / 0.0288 / 0.0921 / 0.0653 / 0.1271 / 0.0584
Fair or poor self-rated health / 0.2026 / 0.1626 / 0.2826 / -0.1819 / -0.2100 / 0.0212
Injured during deployment / 0.1724 / 0.1130 / 0.1942 / -0.1024 / -0.1652 / 0.0581
Hospital stay during deployment / 0.0545 / 0.0433 / 0.0869 / -0.0598 / -0.0669 / 0.0057
PTSD on PDHA or PDHRA / 0.1890 / 0.2915 / 0.3797 / -0.3676 / -0.2067 / -0.1860
Depression on PDHA or PDHRA / 0.1344 / 0.2447 / 0.3273 / -0.3330 / -0.1665 / -0.1803
TBI on PDHA or PDHRA / 0.1654 / 0.0991 / 0.2678 / -0.1884 / -0.2567 / 0.0624
d / d / d / d / d / d
Number of symptoms
PDHA / 0.73 / 1.57 / 0.70 / 0.04 / 0.56 / -0.56
PDHRA / 6.40 / 13.13 / 7.78 / -0.24 / 2.65 / -3.08
*phi, phi coefficient; d, Cohen’s d