Cells: Day 1

EQ: How does a cell maintain homeostasis?

Create a graphic organizer that answers the above question, using the following words.

Homeostasis Passive Transport Active Transport Facilitated Diffusion

Diffusion Osmosis endocytosis exocytosis

Diffusion causes materials to move from an area of ______concentration to an area of ______concentration.

Osmosis is the diffusion of ______.

The ______is the organelle that controls the movement of material in and out of the cell.

What process moves materials from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?
What type of transport does not require energy?
What type of transport does require energy?
What is the energy currency of the cell?
What is a vesicle?
What is a type of passive transport that uses transport proteins?
What is a type of active transport that uses transport proteins?
What type of active transport moves material into the cell?
What type of active transport moves material out of the cell in a vesicle?
What is the difference in concentration between two spaces called?
What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?
What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?
What happens to a cell in an isotonic solution?
What is a hypertonic solution?
What is a hypotonic solution?
If the outside of a cell and the inside of the are now isotonic, then the cells has reached what point?
What is homeostasis?
What happens to a plant that has been sprinkled with salt water?
What is another name for the plasma membrane?

For each organic compound, describe what it is made from and examples.

Organic compound / Made of / Function / Uses/examples
Proteins
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Nucleic acids

Enzymes are a type of ______.

What is the purpose of enzymes?

How are they used in an organism? (Give Examples)

Why is the structure of an enzyme referred to as a “lock and key”?

How does a cell divide?

What process do cells use to create new cells?

Draw the stages of the cell cycle and describe what is happening in each stage.

Draw a picture of a typical eukaryotic animal cell and label the organelles. In the chart below, describe the function of each organelle.

Cell organelle / Function
Nucleus
Nucleolus
ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
vesicle
cytoskeleton
Mitochondria

What is the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote?

Name at least three differences between a plant cell and an animal cell.

Water

Characteristic / Definition / Example
Polar
Cohesion
Adhesion
Capillary Action
Surface Tension
High Specific Heat

Genetics: Day 2

What process does your body use to make gametes, sex cells?

What is an advantage of sexual reproduction?

What is an advantage of asexual reproduction?

*Draw a detailed picture of DNA,

labeling all of the parts.

Make sure to include

all of the below vocabulary

Double helix

Nucleotides

4 nitrogen bases

- adenine, thymine

- cytosine, guanine

sugar (deoxyribose)

phosphate

1. What is Heredity?

2. What is genetics?

3. Who is known as the father of genetics?

5. What are the three possible genotypes?

6. What are phenotypes?

7. If P is for purple, and p is for white, describe the genotypes and phenotypes of the below examples.

a) Pp ______b) PP ______c) pp ______

8. Using a Punnet square, make a monohybrid cross between two heterozygote parents with round seeds. State the percentages of genotypes and phenotypes.

DNA to Protein

How do we get more DNA? Name two enzymes involved.

Describe the two steps that cells go through to make proteins?

Fill in the words transcription and translation above each arrow.

DNA  mRNA  proteins

What are the three types of RNA used for?

How do we inherit our traits?Biology Review

What are the main differences between DNA and RNA?

A ______is a change in the DNA sequence.

List several causes of genetic mutation

If the there is a change in the genetic code, ultimately, it will cause a change in the sequence of ______and thus a different ______.

Use the paragraph below to help answer the following questions.

Regardless of the cause of the mutation, there are several types of changes that may

result: base-pair substitution, base insertion, and base deletion. Base pair substitutions

occur when one nucleotide base is replaced by another. This change may lead to the

substitution of one amino acid for another during protein synthesis. An example of this is

sickle-cell anemia, a genetic disorder that has structural and physiological consequences.

A base insertion mutation is an addition of an extra nucleotide base into the DNA

sequence. A base deletion mutation is the removal of a nucleotide base from the DNA

sequence. In both base insertion mutations and base deletion mutations, a frame shift

occurs. Remember that the nucleotide sequence is read as a triplet code. A deletion or

insertion in a gene region will shift this reading frame, causing an abnormal protein to be

synthesized. Down’s Syndrome is another genetic disorder that is caused when homologous chromosomes do not separate and a fertilized egg has three number 21 chromosomes.

Copyright Ó 2008 by the Georgia Department of Education. All rights reserved.

List two genetic disorders and state the cause of each one.

Name three types of mutation

How is DNA fingerprinting used?

How has DNA technology been used to produce “better” plants?

Recombinant DNA has been used to insert the human gene for ______into bacteria so the bacteria can produce it.

How can recombinant DNA be used in industry?

Organisms: Day 3

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis / Cellular Respiration
What is it?
Which organisms use it?
What materials (reactants) are needed for it?
What is produced during it?
What organelle does it take place in?

Place the following terms in the correct category.

No oxygen Produces more ATPOccurs in cytoplasmUsed by bacteria (prokaryotes)

Oxygen Produces less ATPOccurs in mitochondriaCan’t be used by bacteria

Produces Lactic Acid or Alcohol (fermentation)Includes the Krebs Cycle and ETC

Anaerobic Respiration / Aerobic Respiration

An organism increases its complexity from a ______to ______to ______to ______.

What are the similarities and the differences between each paired kingdom?

(think about the following when comparing… autotroph or heterotroph…. Prokaryote or eukaryote….cell wall or no cell wall…. Enzymes used for Internal digestion or Enzymes used for external digestion…unicellular or multicellular…sexual reproduction or asexual reproduction)

Archae Bacteria vs Eubacteria

Fungi vs Plants

Fungi vs Animals

Eubacteria vs Fungi

Plants vs Animals

What adaptations have allowed plants to colonize land?

What are some characteristics of protists?

Ecology: Day 4

1. What is ecology?

2. What is a habitat?

3. The deciduous forest regions are exposed to warm and cold air masses, which cause this area to have four seasons. The average yearly temperature is about 10°C. The areas in which deciduous forests are located get about 750 to 1,500 mm of precipitation spread fairly evenly throughout the year. Most of the trees are broadleaf trees such as oak, maple, beech, hickory and chestnut. There are also several different kinds of plants like mountain laurel, azaleas and mosses that live on the shady forest floor where only small amounts of sunlight get through.

A. Describe the habitat.

B. List the biotic factors in this ecosystem.

C. List the abiotic factors.

D. Give an example of a population in this ecosystem.

E. Describe the community in this ecosystem.

4. Label the food chain with the correct trophic level description.

Algae shrimp  squid  whale

5. What does the 10% rule state?

6. What is carrying capacity?

7. What happens to a prey population if all of the predators are removed?

8. What is an example of a density independent factor?

9. What is the difference between primary and secondary succession?

10. What is parasitism?

11. What is mutualism?

12. What is commensalism?

  1. Place the following words correctly in the below diagram.

B. Match the picture with the following definitions.

1.______2. ______3. ______4. ______5. ______

  1. Match the definition to the word
  1. organism that makes their own food
  2. organism that relies on consuming

other organisms for food

  1. organism that eats meat only
  2. organism the eats vegetables only
  3. organism that eats both meat and vegetables
  4. organism that eats off of dead organic matter
  1. Create a food chain with the following words.

Use the following words to label each link.

Producer, 1st Order Consumer, 2nd Order Consumer, 3rd Order Consumer

Human

Grass

Lion

Zebra

  1. Explain what happens to the available energy at each trophic level in an

energy pyramid.

  1. Draw the nitrogen cycle to show how matter is moved through the ecosystem.
  1. Draw the carbon cycle to show how matter is moved through the ecosystem.

Evolution: Day 5

1. What is natural selection?

2. What is an adaptation?

3. To explain the evolution of a species, one might use the example of Darwin’s finches. Use the following terms correctly.

Variation CompetitionPopulationAdaptedSurvival of the fittestFit

TimeEvolvedTraitOffspringNatural Selection

Darwin observed the finches on the Galapagos Island and noticed that there was ______in the size and shape of the bird beaks. Over ______, it was observed that the available nutrients changed because the island received little rainfall. If a season had very little rainfall, the food size was limited to plants that produced small seeds. Less food available meant more ______between the birds. The birds with smaller beaks were better ______to the environment because they were able to eat the small seeds. The small beaked finches were considered “______” and able to survive. This is called ______. Because the code for the ______is in the genes, this adaptation was passed on to the ______. Over time, the majority of finches in this ______had small beaks. The finches had ______through the process of ______.

4. What is a mutation?

5. How can a mutation lead to an adaptation?

6. Explain how bacteria have become resistance to antibiotics.

Choose the correct term for each phrase.

  1. Genetic variation (Increases / decreased) a population’s survival.
  2. Mutations (increase / decrease) the rate of natural selection.
  3. (Darwin / Mendel) developed the theory of natural selection.
  4. Organisms with similar DNA are more (closely / distantly) related.
  1. Five pieces of evidence that support the theory of evolution include: