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GuidedReadingAnalysis:Reconstruction,

1863-1877chapter 15-Reconstruction pp 291-304

Section1 GuidedReading, pp291-303

1. Intro: Reconstruction, 1863-1877, page291

KeyConceptsMainIdeas / Notes
The Unionvictoryin the CivilWarandthe contested Reconstruction ofthe Southsettledthe issues ofslaveryand secession, butleft unresolvedmany questions aboutthe power ofthefederal governmentand citizenship rights. / ReadtheFrederickDouglas quoteandfirsttwoparagraphsofthe chapteronpage291. Summarizethe5 mainquestionsfacingthenationattheendoftheCivilWar.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Whateconomicsectionalconflictsremainedin1865?
Northernerswanted… Southernerswanted…
KeyConcepts
MainIdeas / Notes
The Unionvictoryin the CivilWarandthe contested Reconstruction ofthe Southsettledthe issues ofslaveryand secession, butleft unresolvedmany questions aboutthe power ofthefederal governmentand citizenship rights. / Whydidthefederalgovernmentfocusmoreon politicalchangeinReconstructionthaneconomicassistancetofreemenand aidforinfrastructureinthedevastatedSouth(wheremostbattleswerefought)?
#AmericanIdentity!

2. ReconstructionPlans ofLincolnandJohnson pp292-294

REMEMBER…Asyoureadthechapter,jotdownyournotesinthemiddlecolumn.ConsideryournotestobeelaborationsontheObjectives andMainIdeaspresentedintheleftcolumnandinthesubtitlesofthetext.INCLUDEIN YOURNOTESALLSIGNIFICANTVOCABULARYAND PEOPLE. Afterread andtakenotes, thoughtfully,analyze what youread byansweringthequestionsintheright column.Remember thisstepis essentialtoyourprocessingofinformation.Completingthisguidethoughtfullywillincreaseyourretentionaswellasyourcomprehension!

KeyConcepts
MainIdeas / Notes / Analysis
The CivilWar and Reconstruction alteredpower relationships betweenthe states andthe federal governmentand amongthe executive, legislative,and judicial branches,
endingslavery andthe notion ofa divisible union, but leaving unresolved questions of relative power andlargely unchanged social and economic patterns. / ReconstructionPlansof LincolnandJohnson… Lincoln’s Policies…
ProclamationofAmnestyandReconstruction,1863…
Wade-Davis Bill,1864…
Freedmen’sBureau,1865…
Lincoln’s LastSpeech…
ThreedaysafterLincolngavehisspeechattheWhiteHouse,heand his wifeattendedashowingof OurAmericanCousinatFord’sTheater,withouthisbodyguard,whomLincolnhadsenton assignmentout oftown.Duringtheplay,JohnWilkesBoothenteredLincoln’stheaterboxandshot himinthehead.Boothand hisco-conspiratorshadoriginallyplottedtokidnapLincolnandransom himforConfederateprisonersofwar,afterGrantrefusedto allowanyfurtherprisonerexchanges. However,as BoothunderstoodthattheConfederacywouldlosethewar,hechangedhis plantoan assassination in hopes thatLincoln’sdeathwould rally theConfederatestocontinuethewar.The groupalsoplannedtokillseveralotherhigh-levelofficialsintheU.S.government,includingVice PresidentAndrewJohnson.OnlyBoothachievedhis goal,thoughoneof hisco-conspirators seriouslywoundedSecretaryof StateWilliamSeward. / Howdid Lincolnaddress thequestionsyou summarized on page 1of thisguide?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
IdentifythecontroversyinLincoln’splanas illustratedbythe Wade-DavisBill.Whatdoes thisrevealaboutNorthern-Southernrelations?
KeyConcepts Main
Ideas / Notes / Analysis
The CivilWarand Reconstructionaltered power relationships betweenthe states and the federalgovernment andamongthe executive,legislative,andjudicialbranches, ending slaveryandthe notionofadivisible union, butleaving unresolvedquestionsof relative powerand largelyunchanged social and economic patterns.
The 13th Amendment abolishedslavery, bringing aboutthe war’smost dramatic social andeconomic change, butthe exploitative andsoil- intensive sharecropping systemenduredfor severalgenerations. / JohnsonandReconstruction…
Johnson’s ReconstructionPolicy…
SouthernGovernments of 1865…
Thirteenth Amendment…
BlackCodes…
Johnson’sVetoes… / Support,refute,ormodifythefollowing statement:ThePresidentialPlansfor Reconstructionreflectedthebeliefthat theprimarygoalpost-war was to reunite thenation. Writeacompletethesis, and thendefendyouranswerwithevidence.

3. CongressionalReconstruction, pp295-297

KeyConcepts
MainIdeas / Notes / Analysis
The CivilWar and Reconstruction alteredpower relationships. / CongressionalReconstruction… RadicalRepublicans… / Was Congressional
Reconstructionmore about racial equalityor political
power?Explainyour answer.
KeyConcepts
MainIdeas / Notes / Analysis
Efforts byradical and
moderate Republicans toreconstructthe defeated Southchanged the balance ofpower betweenCongress and the presidencyand yieldedsome short-
termsuccesses, reunitingtheunion, opening uppolitical opportunities andother leadershiproles to formerslaves,and temporarilyrearranging the relationships betweenwhite and blackpeopleinthe South.
The constitutional changesofthe Reconstruction period embodiedaNorthern idea ofAmerican identityandnational purpose andledto conflicts overnew definitionsof citizenship,particularly regardingthe rights of AfricanAmericans, women,and other minorities. / CivilRightsActof1866…
FourteenthAmendment…
Reportofthe JointCommittee…
TheElectionof1866… / Whatwastheprimary purposeofthe14thAmendment?
Bydefiningcitizensas anyonebornintheUnited States,howdidthis Amendmentcreatefuture conflict?

Theimageatleftwasatwo pagespreadinHarpers Weeklyby artistThomasNast,printedin 1866. PresidentAndrewJohnsonwaschosenas Lincoln’sVice Presidentin 1864(NationalUnion Party…notRepublicanorDemocrat)tosecurere- election atatime ofwaningsupport. Hewasactually apro-UnionDemocratfromTennesseewhohad seenhis property,home,andslavesstolenby Confederatesduringthefirstyearofthewar.He becamepresidentin1865followingLincoln’s assassination.In1866, Johnsonled his“Swing aroundtheCircle,”a1966campaigntrip through theMidwest,attempting to winpopular support for

hislenientReconstruction policy.Hewasbattlingthe RadicalRepublicanswhofearedallowingex-rebel Democratswouldregaincontrolofthe South. They hadpreventedthemfrombeingseatedin Congress inprotestoftheSouthernBlackCodes.Onthe CircleTour… inonespeechlasting anhour, the Presidentreferredtohimselfmorethantwohundred times.In another,hewent sofaras toimplythat the murderofAbrahamLincolnhad beenpart ofGod's

plantomake him president.Atathird event, hesaid thatRep.ThaddeusStevens,theRepublican

majorityleader,deservedto be hanged. (Hesaid

this afterahecklerinthecrowdsaid,“HangJeff

Davis!”)

JohnsonaccusedRadicalRepublicansofplantinghecklers,incitingriots,includingtheNew OrleansRiot,and ofwantingtokeepthenationdividedrather thanre-unitingit. AfterJohnsoncomparedhimself toJesusby sayingthatliketheSavior,hetoolikedto pardonrepentant sinners,hisremainingspeecheswere drownedoutby hecklers.State governmentofficialsrefusedto beseenwithhim.InthemidtermelectionsthatNovember,sodisgustedweremostAmericansatAndrewJohnsonthatRepublicanswontwo-thirds majoritiesinbothhousesof Congress. TheGOPwasthenabletoenactlegislationto“rescue”southernstatesfromthe“neo-Confederate”Democrats.ThusbeganRadical Reconstruction.

KeyConcepts &MainIdeas / Notes / Analysis
Efforts byradicaland moderateRepublicans to reconstructthedefeated South changedthebalance of power betweenCongress andthepresidencyand yieldedsomeshort-term successes,reuniting the union, openinguppolitical opportunities and other leadershiproles to former slaves,and temporarily
rearrangingtherelationships
betweenwhiteandblack peoplein the South.
Radical Republicans’efforts to changesouthernracial attitudesandcultureand establisha base for theirparty in the Southultimatelyfailed, duebothtodetermined southernresistanceandto the North’s waning resolve.
Althoughcitizenship,equal protectionof the laws,and voting rights were grantedto African Americansin the
14thand15th Amendments, these rightswere
progressivelystripped away throughsegregation, violence,SupremeCourt decisions,andlocal political tactics.
TheCivilWar Amendmentsestablished judicialprinciples thatwere stalledfor manydecades
buteventuallybecame the basis for courtdecisions upholdingcivilrights. / ReconstructionActs of1867…
ImpeachmentofAndrewJohnson…
ReformsAfterGrant’sElection… TheElection of 1868…
Fifteenth Amendment…
CivilRightsActof1875… / Explainhowthe”SwingAround the Circle”affectedRadical Republican attitudes toward Johnson.
ExplainhowRadicalReconstruction illustratedthecontinuedconflict betweencontractandcompact politicaltheories.

4. Reconstruction inthe South, pp298-300

Reconstruction inthe SouthContinued…

KeyConceptsMain
Ideas / Notes / Analysis
Efforts byradicaland moderateRepublicans to reconstruct the defeatedSouthchanged thebalance ofpower betweenCongress and thepresidencyand yieldedsomeshort-term successes,reuniting the union, openingup political opportunities andother leadership roles to former slaves, andtemporarily rearrangingthe relationshipsbetween whiteandblackpeople in the South.
Radical Republicans’ efforts to change southernracial attitudesandculture andestablisha base
fortheir partyin the Southultimately failed,dueboth to determinedsouthern resistanceand tothe North’s waning resolve.
The13th Amendment abolished slavery, bringingabout the war’s most dramatic socialandeconomic change,butthe exploitativeand soil- intensive sharecropping system enduredfor several generations. / Composition oftheReconstructionGovernments…
Scalawags andCarpetbaggers…
AfricanAmericanLegislators…
EvaluatingtheRepublicanRecord… Accomplishments…
Failures…
AfricanAmericansAdjustingto Freedom… BuildingBlackCommunities…
Sharecropping… / Explaintwoforcesthatledto African Americansuffrage and publicservice despiteSouthernresistance.
Support,refute,ormodifythefollowing statement:RadicalRepublicansworked forpositivechangeinthebestinterest ofallcitizens.Writea completethesis anddefendyouranswer!
Towhatextentwas sharecropping aneconomicandsocial improvementfor AfricanAmerican farmworkers intheSouth?Defend your answer!

5. TheNorth During Reconstruction, pp300-302

KeyConcepts &MainIdeas / Notes / Analysis
Efforts byradicaland moderateRepublicansto reconstructthedefeatedSouth changedthe balanceof
powerbetweenCongress and thepresidencyandyielded someshort-term successes, reuniting the union,opening up political opportunities and other leadership roles to former slaves,and
temporarilyrearranging the relationshipsbetweenwhite and blackpeopleinthe South.
FROMPERIOD6
CONTENTOUTLINE:GildedAgepoliticswere intimatelytiedtobigbusiness andfocusednationallyon economicissues—tariffs, currency, corporate expansion,andlaissez-faire economicpolicy—that engenderednumerous calls for reform.
Corruption ingovernment— especiallyasit relatedto big business—energizedthe publictodemandincreased popularcontrolandreformof local,state,andnational governments,rangingfrom minorchangestomajor overhaulsofthecapitalist system. / TheNorthDuringReconstruction… RiseoftheSpoilsman…
CorruptioninBusiness and Government…
TheElectionof1872…
ThePanicof1873… / FYI:TheGrantyearscrossover betweenReconstructionEraandits issues…totheGildedAgeandits issues.Someoftheobjectivesfor thissectionaregoingtobe emphasizedmoreinthenextunit.
TowhatextentwasthePanicof
1873responsiblefortheendof Reconstruction.Defendyour answer!

6. TheEndofReconstruction, pp302-303

KeyConcepts &MainIdeas / Notes / Analysis
RadicalRepublicans’
efforts tochange
southernracialattitudes andculture andestablish a basefortheir partyin the South ultimately failed, due bothto determinedsouthern resistance andto the North’s waningresolve. / TheEndofReconstruction…
WhiteSupremacy andtheKuKluxKlan… / NathanBedfordForestStateParkin Tennesseehasbeen underattackas a movementtochangeits nameis underway.Supportorrefutethe assertionthathistoricalmonuments andparksnamedafterracists
shouldberemovedorrenamed. Defendyourview.
KeyConcepts &MainIdeas / Notes / Analysis
RadicalRepublicans’
efforts tochange
southernracialattitudes andculture andestablish a basefortheir partyin the South ultimately failed, due bothto determinedsouthern resistance andto the North’s waningresolve. / TheAmnestyActof1872… TheElectionof1876…
TheCompromiseof1877… / Inhisautobiography,U.S.Grant statedthathisbiggestregretwas removingthemilitary…thatthey pulledouttoosoon.Supportor refutethisviewpoint.Defendyour answer!

7. Historical Perspectives:DidReconstructionFail? pp303-304

TheWilliamDunning view… TheW.E.B.Du Bois, JohnHopeFranklin, and

KennethStamp’sview…

ModernHistorians’view,includingEricFoner…

Whichviewpointdoyousupport most? Explainyour choice

InReview…

(fillinthe blanks)

Lincolndevelopedhis

%Planin1863and

Congress challenged

Lincoln’s % Plan with

RadicalRepublicanswerekeptinline bythemoderate

Lincoln.His deathletthemlooseundertheweaker continued

begunre-admittance beforetheSouth surrenderedat Appomattoxin1865.

the %Wade-Davis Bill.Lincolnpocket vetoedthe bill.

Johnson.Johnsonwastheonly SouthernSenatortostay

inCongressafter thesecession of theSouth…whichis whyLincolnchosehimasVPin …butthatdidnot meanhecouldhandletheradicals.

Lincoln’slenientplan,but

radicalsdemandedthe Southbepunished forslaveryandsecession.

Radicalsensuredthe Amendmentwasratified,endingslavery. Southernersresentedgrowingpowerof

Radicalshadnooppositionwhile takingoverthereconstructionofthe South. Theypassedthe

RadicalRepublicansrefusedto seatrepresentatives…open

JohnsonangeredRadicalswhen heissued

for all butthoseabovetherank

freedmen.Raceriotsspreadacrossthe Actin65.Johnson

defianceofthePresidential

ofcolonel.Healsoallowed

Southto protestthe

Act.

vetoed.Congressoverrodeveto.(firsttimeinhistory)

plan.

Southernstatesto holdelections

to Congressin late1865.

Congressclearlymarkedthe end ofPresidential Reconstructionwhenthe passedtheFirst

Actin 1867.

Johnsonvetoedit, Congressoverrodeveto. Theradicalsthentookover reconstructionofthesouth by occupation.

The wastreatedas aforeignnation.Manylost the righttovote(again)as

Congress started overwith the processofreadmittingstates.

Southernstategovernmentswere subjecttoUnionmilitarycommanders. Thissecondclassstatuscontinued untilthey gaveBlackmentherightto voteandratifiedthe Amendment.

Grant suspended habeas corpus ashewentafter the afterthe1871

Southernstateshadto ratifythe Amendmentgivingthe right tovotetoallmen. Resentmentledtothe rise of the

ManyFreedmenvoted whilemanySouthern Whitescouldn’t,resulting inlargenumbersof

beingelected.

Radicalstookover the executivewiththeir “bloody shirt,”bringingin

Johnsoncondemnedthe planasharsh,butwas silencedbyCongress though

Act and

Act.

BreakingtheConfederatespiritandforcingthesocialreformationoftheSouthprovedidealistic,andNorthernerseventuallygaveuporlostinterest. The troopswereremovedfollowing the _,andtheSouthrose again…re-implementing aracist culture with segregationand disenfranchisement.

Howwouldyoucharacterizethepointofviewofthisreview? Howdoesit differfromyourtextbook?