Theme 6. Disturbance of memory andintelligence.
І. DISORDERS OF MEMORY
1. Classification and definition of disorders of memory: hipermneziya, hipomneziya, amnesia, paramnesia, breach sense identification.
2. Physiology of memory: basic mentalprocesses.
3. Disturbances of Memory
1)Quantitative.
2)Qualitative.
3)Korsakoff's (Wernicke-Korsakoff, Amnestic) syndrome.
4. Methods of assessment.
ІІ. DISORDERS OF INTELLIGENCE
1. Classification and definition of disorders of intelligence.
- Physiology of intelligence.
- Disturbances of intelligence:
1)Mental retardation.
2)Dementia.
- Methods of assessment.
Tests
1. Choose the main function of memory:
a) registration
b) retention
c) recall
d) ability to forget
e) all listed
2. How is the ability to recall information that is not ordinarily available to the memory process called?
a) hypermnesia
b) hypomnesia
c) amnesia
d) paramnesia
e) nothing listed
3. How is the recognition of events as familiar when they have never been encountered called?
a) Déjà vu
b) Confabulation
c) Pseudoreminiscence
d) Kryptomnesia
e) nothing listed
4. How is intellectual impairment starting early in life called?
a) mental retardation
b) dementia
c) pedagogical neglect
d) Kryptomnesia
e) nothing listed
5. What subgroup of mental retardation are the people who are usually normal in appearance and have only slight sensory or motor deficits related to?
a) minimal (IQ 71-80)
b) mild (IQ 50-70)
c) moderate (IQ 35-49)
d) severe (IQ 24-34)
e) profound (IQ below 20)
6. At what stage of dementia is mainly impairment of memory (especially short-term) and orientation always detected?
a) the early phase
b) the middle phase
c) the late phase
d) all listed
e) nothing listed
7. How is the ability to perceive, recognise and establish information in the central nervous systemcalled?
a) registration
b) retention
c) recall
d) nothing listed
e) all listed
8. How is decreased ability to register retain or recall information called?
a) hypermnesia
b) hypomnesia
c) amnesia
d) paramnesia
e) nothing listed
9. How is the reporting as "memories" of events that did not take place at the time in question called?
a) Deja Vu
b) Confabulation
c) Pseudoreminiscence
d) Kryptomnesia
e) nothing listed
10. How is an acquired intellectual impairment called?
a) mental retardation
b) dementia
c) pedagogical neglect
d) Kryptomnesia
e) nothing listed
11. What subgroup of mental retardation are the people who can learn to care for themselves and cope with simple work under supervisionrelated to?
a) minimal (IQ 71-80)
b) mild (IQ 50-70)
c) moderate (IQ 35-49)
d) severe (IQ 24-34)
e) profound (IQ below 20)
12. At what stage of dementia is mainly impairment of memory, loss of initiative and reduction of interestsalways detected?
a) the early phase
b) the middle phase
c) the late phase
d) all listed
e) nothing listed
13. How is the ability to retrieve stored information called?
a) registration
b) retention
c) recall
d) nothing listed
e) all listed
14. How is inability to recall past experiences called?
a) hypermnesia
b) hypomnesia
c) amnesia
d) paramnesia
e) nothing listed
15. How is displacement of real events in time called?
a) Deja Vu
b) confabulation
c) pseudoreminiscence
d) kryptomnesia
e) nothing listed
16. All subgroups of mental retardation according to the degree of impairment are recognised, except:
a) minimal (IQ 71-80)
b) mild (IQ 50-70)
c) moderate (IQ 35-49)
d) severe (IQ 24-34)
e) profound (IQ below 20)
17. What subgroup of mental retardation are the people who in the pre-school years of their development are greatly slowed and as adults most can undertake simple tasks and be engaged in limited social activities related to?
a) minimal (IQ 71-80)
b) mild (IQ 50-70)
c) moderate (IQ 35-49)
d) severe (IQ 24-34)
e) profound (IQ below 20)
18. What phase of dementia causes withering of the most characteristic and human aspects of the person involved?
a) the early phase
b) the middle phase
c) the late phase
d) all listed
e) nothing listed
19. How does the Ribo's law describe a forgetting process?
a) “From the new to the old”
b) “From the specific to the general”
c) “From the complicated to the simple”
d) all listed
e) nothing listed
20. How is a disturbance of memory in which real facts and fantasies are confused called?
a) hypermnesia
b) hypomnesia
c) amnesia
d) paramnesia
e) nothing listed
21. How is a patient's inability to tell whether he had dreamed or actually experienced a certain event, whether he had read a verse in a book, or had written it himself called?
a) Deja Vu
b) Confabulation
c) Pseudoreminiscence
d) Kryptomnesia
e) nothing listed
22. According to structure and seriousness of intelligence impairment all forms of dementia are discriminated, except:
a) partly ("lacunar")
b) mild ("middle")
c) total ("globar")
d) all listed
e) nothing listed
23. What subgroup of mental retardation are the people who need constant care and supervision, because they can not learn from their experience and control their impulses are related to?
a) minimal (IQ 71-80)
b) mild (IQ 50-70)
c) moderate (IQ 35-49)
d) severe (IQ 24-34)
e) profound (IQ below 20)
24. All the listed factors can lead to dementia, except:
a) Alzheimer's disease
b) tumour of brain
c) phenylketonuria
d) syphilis of nervous system
e) nothing listed
Clinical task 1.
Patient O.,72 years old, a cobbler, has no complaints. The patient is polite in communication with others. Greets the doctor several times a day, whenever he meets him. Can't name the date, month or year. Says, "I've come here today and drove my car, it is parked outside in the yard", (really the patient has spent a month at the psychiatric hospital). In a few minutes after the interview with his psychiatrist, completely forgot the content of their conversation, and told his son: "the doctor showed me the photo of his wife and gave me some wine." The patient remembers well most of the events that occurred when he was young, can tell the dates if important historical events, but forgets recent events. The professional skills are intact.
1. What psychic sphere is disturbed?
2. What symptoms does the patient have?
3. What is the syndromal diagnosis?
4. What is the register disorders?
Clinical task 2
Patient V., male, 13 years old, is short, has dysplastic body frame.The occipital part of his head is flat, eye slits are narrow and slanted. Mimic movements are poor, the mouth half open. Tries to keep near the nurse. Is capable of doing simple errands (sweep and wash the floor, make beds, bring meals to other patients). Speech and language skills are underdeveloped, uses phrases consisting of 2 or 3 words, articulation is disturbed. Can't read or write. Is incapable of acquiring academic skills.
1. What psychic sphere is disturbed?
2. What symptoms does the patient have?
3. What is the syndromal diagnosis?
4. What is the register disorders?
Clinical task 3.
Patient A., male, 66 years old, is a chronic patient of a psychiatrichospital. Isn't oriented in the environment; can't find his bed and lies down on somebody else's, is untidy when he eats. His mood changes frequently, often is angry and scolds people and grumbles, and sometimes is complacent and promises to "load everyone with money." Doesn't remember his doctors name, doesn't recognise his relatives who come to see him. Sometimes becomes anxious, looks for something under his bed, ties up his things in a bundle and sits on it. Explains these actions, telling that "there are thieves and robbers" around him. Directly after having had lunch says, that he didn't eat anything for three days and is starving, asked for a piece of bread.
1. What psychic sphere is disturbed?
2. What symptoms does the patient have?
3. What is the syndromal diagnosis?
4. What is the register disorders?
List of recommended literature
Basic literature.
- Concise Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry. M. Gelder, D. Gath, R.Mayou. – Oxford; New York; Tokyo; Oxford University Press, 2007. – 953 p.
- Modern Synopsis of Psychiatry. A.M. Freedman, H.I. Kaplan, B.J. Sadock. – USA, 1982. – 433 p.
- Psychiatric Dictionary / 5th ed. R.J. Campbell. – Oxford; New York; Oxford University Press, – 1981. – 693 p.
- Psychopatology and addictive Disorders / Ed. By Meyer. - New York; London, 1986. – 283 p.
- Psychiatry: course of lecture /Ed.by V.S. Bitensky. – Odessa, 2005. – 336 p.
- Zimbardo Ph.G. Psychology and Life. - USA, 19991. – 189 p.
Additional literature.
- Brundtland G.H. Mental health in the 21st century // Bulletin of the World Helth Organization. – 2000. - №87. – Р. 411.
- Desjarlais R., Eisenberg L., Good B. et al. World Mental Health: Problems and Priorities in Low-Income Countries. – New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. – 144 p.
- MarsellaA., Kleinman A., Good B. Cross-cultural studies of depressive disorders. An overview. Culture and depression. – Berkley: University of California Press, 1985. – 213 p.
- Mulrow C.D., Williams J.W. Jr., Trivedi M., et al. Treatment of depression: newer pharmacotherapies. Rockville, MD: Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, 1999. – 253 р.
- Murray C.J.L., Lopez A.D. The global burden of disease: a comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from disease, injuries and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020. Cambridge,MA: Harvard University Press, 1996. – 68 p.
- Kielholz P. Masked Depression. — Berne, 1973. – 97 p.
- Lopez-Ibor J. J. The Present Status of Psychotropic Drugs / Ed. by A. Cerletti, F. J. Bove. - New York, 1999. - 519 p
- Preskorn, S.H. Outpatient management of depression: A guide for the Primary-care practitioner/ S.H. Preskorn. - Wichita; Kansas: Professional Communications,Inc., 1994. - 147 p.
- UstunT.B., SartoriusN. Mental Illness in General Health Care. An International Study. – Chichester: John Willey @ Sons Ltd, 1995. – 336 p.