The Statistics I Quote on Capital Punishment in England Are Derived From

Chapter 1:

The cartoon of the Wellington-Winchilsea duel that I discuss is available, with another better-known one of the event by William Heath, at the British Cartoon Archive of the University of Kent

http://opal.kent.ac.uk/cartoonx-cgi/ccc.py?mode=single&start=0&search=M0028456MU

Many of the documents surrounding the duel are to be found in Volume V of Wellington’s Despatches, on the pages following 533, which can be found on Google Books:

http://books.google.com/books?id=cNjRJ2u0e0oC&pg=RA1-PA533&dq=Duke+of+Wellington+Despatches+Winchilsea++Armagh&client=firefox-a#v=onepage&q=&f=false

The statistics I quote on capital punishment in England are derived from

http://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/circuits.html

and

http://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/overviewt.html

References in footnotes:

6: A copy of the note, from the archives of King’s College, London is at:

http://www.kcl.ac.uk/depsta/iss/archives/wellington/duel08a.htm

7: Sir William Blackstone Commentaries on the Laws of England (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1765-69) Book IV: Chapter 14 “Of Homicide,”

http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/blackstone_bk4ch14.asp

9: Syr Thomas Malory Le Morte Darthur the original edition of William Caxton now reprinted and edited with an introduction and glossary by H. Oskar Sommer; with an essay on Malory’s prose style by Andrew Lang (Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan Humanities Text Initiative, 1997): 291.

http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=cme;idno=MaloryWks2;rgn=div2;view=text;cc=cme;node=MaloryWks2%3A10.12

25: V. Cathrein “Duel” in The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume V (New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909)

http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05184b.htm

26: Council of Trent, 25th Session, 3rd and 4th of December 1563, “On Reformation,” Chapter 19. Available at page 274 on:

http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG0432/_P2J.HTM

34: Jeremy Bentham An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1823) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1907) Chapter 13, para. 2

http://www.econlib.org/library/Bentham/bnthPML13.html#Chapter%20XIII,%20Cases%20Unmeet%20for%20Punishment

36: Hume, David. Essays, Moral, Political, and Literary. Library of Economics and Liberty. The comments on dueling added to the essay “Of the Rise and Progress of the Arts and Sciences” are at:

http://www.econlib.org/library/LFBooks/Hume/hmMPL50.html#VR.I.116

37: Francis Hutcheson, Philosophiae moralis institutio compendiaria with a Short Introduction to Moral Philosophy Luigi Turco (ed.) (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2007). Chapter: CHAPTER XV: Of Rights Arising from Damage Done, and the Rights of War.

http://oll.libertyfund.org/?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=2059&chapter=155387&layout=html&Itemid=27

39: Adam Smith Lectures On Jurisprudence R.. L. Meek, D. D. Raphael and P. G. Stein (ed.) vol. V of the Glasgow Edition of the Works and Correspondence of Adam Smith (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1982). Chapter: Friday. January 21st. 1763.

http://oll.libertyfund.org/?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=196&chapter=55597&layout=html&Itemid=27

40: William Godwin, An Enquiry Concerning Political Justice, and its Influence on General Virtue and Happiness, vol. 1 (London: G.G.J. and J. Robinson, 1793). Chapter: Appendix, No. II.: Of Duelling

http://oll.libertyfund.org/title/90/40264

45: From the account offered by King’s College London at

http://www.kcl.ac.uk/depsta/iss/archives/wellington/duel12.htm

46: This cartoon is available, with another better-known one of the event by William Heath, , on the Web site of King’s College London: http://www.kcl.ac.uk/depsta/iss/archives/wellington/duel16.htm

52: http://www.kcl.ac.uk/depsta/iss/archives/wellington/duel12.htm

56: Mill, The Collected Works of John Stuart Mill, Volume XVIII - Essays on Politics and Society Part I, John M. Robson (ed.) Toronto: University of Toronto Press, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1977). Chapter: De Tocqueville On Democracy In America [II] 1840

http://oll.libertyfund.org/title/233/16544/799649

Chapter 2:

References in footnotes:

48: See “Mrs. Archibald Little, About the Author” http://www.readaroundasia.co.uk/miclittle.html

Chapter 3:

Frederick Douglass’s Farewell to the British People is available from the Gilder Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance and Abolition at Yale http://www.yale.edu/glc/archive/1086.htm

“The motto of a Radical politician should be, Government by means of the middle for the working classes.” John Stuart Mill

http://oll.libertyfund.org/title/245/21425/736500

References in footnotes:

1: Lecky, op. cit. Chapter 1: The Natural History Of Morals.

http://oll.libertyfund.org/title/1839/104744/2224856

44: Universal Declaration of Human Rights

http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr

47: Thomas Hobbes, Hobbes’s Leviathan reprinted from the edition of 1651 with an Essay by the Late W. G. Pogson Smith (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1909). Chapter: CHAP. XVII.: Of the Causes, Generation, and Definition of a Common-Wealth.

http://oll.libertyfund.org/title/869/208775/3397532

Chapter 4

Estimating the global Pashtun population: According to the CIA World Factbook, 42% of the Afghan population, or about 14.1 million people, and 15.42% of the Pakistani population, or 27.2 million people, are Pashtuns, and in these two countries Pasthun identity goes with speaking some dialect of Pashto. The Pashtun population of these two countries is thus more than 41 million.

Afghanistan:

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/countrytemplate_af.html

Pakistan:

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pk.html

In India people of Pashtun descent tend to be called Pathans, and it is sometimes said that there are twice as many Indian Pathans as Afghan Pashtuns. (See e.g. Shams Ur Rehman Alavi “Indian Pathans to broker peace in Afghanistan” Hindustan Times December 11, 2008

http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?sectionName=NLetter&id=3165e517-1e21-47a8-a46a-fc3ef957b4b1

Most of these people no longer speak Pashto, the Pashtun language, however, and in the 2001 Indian census only about 11 million Indians claimed Pashto as their mother tongue.

http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement1.htm

So there are at least 52,000,000 Pashto speakers in the world, and more than 70 million people who claim some sort of Pashtun identity. There are also at least several hundred thousand Pashtuns in the Middle East, Europe and North America.

The Pakistan National Commission on the Status of Women Report on the Qisas and Diyat Ordinance 1990 can be retrieved from the UN Secretary-General’s Database on Violence Against Women at

http://webapps01.un.org/vawdatabase/searchDetail.action?measureId=18083&baseHREF=country&baseHREFId=997

To gain a sense of the semantic range of some terms for honor in Pashto, consider these sample dictionary entries from an old Pashto-English dictionary: “ghairat, s.m. … Modesty, bashfulness, courage, honor. 2. Jealousy, enmity, emulation, a nice sense of honor.” “nang, s.m. … Honor, reputation, good name, esteem. 2. Disgrace, infamy.” Also in the compound “nām-o-nang, Honor, reputation; shame, disgrace,” where nām means name. From the Arabic: “āb-rū, s.m. … Honour, reputation, character, renown, good name.” Henry George Raverty A dictionary of the Puk’hto, Pus’hto, or language of the Afghans: with remarks on the originality of the language, and its affinity to other oriental tongues. Second edition, with considerable additions. (London: Williams and Norgate, 1867): 745, 989, 967, 4. http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/raverty

References in footnotes:

1: Richard Galpin “Woman’s ‘honour’ killing draws protests in Pakistan,” The Guardian, London, England, April 8 1999.

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/1999/apr/08/14

5: “Il consiglio che voglio dare è di stare sempre attenti, ma di prendere ogni decisione seguendo sempre il proprio cuore.” Interview with Riccardo Vescovo, published on 17 January 2006 in the Testata giornalistica dell’Università degli Studi di Palermo

http://www.ateneonline-aol.it/060117ric.php

6: “State of the World Population” UN Population Fund (UNFPA) 2000

http://www.unfpa.org/swp/2000/english/ch03.html

7: Salman Masood “Pakistan Tries to Curb ‘Honor Killings’” New York Times Oct 27 2004.

http://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/27/international/asia/27stan.html

Islam Online January 11 2007.

http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?c=Article_C&cid=1168265536796&pagename=Zone-English-News/NWELayout

8:

http://www.scci.org.pk/formerpre.htm

9: Suzanne Goldberg “A Question of Honor” The Guardian, London, England, May 27 1999,

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/1999/may/27/gender.uk1

15: Zaffer Abbas, “Pakistan Fails to Condemn ‘Honour’ Killings,” BBC Online, August 3, 1999

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/410422.stm

16: Irfan Husain “Those without Voices” Dawn Online Edition, Karachi, Pakistan, Sep 6 2008

http://www.dawn.com/weekly/mazdak/20080609.htm

18: “MoC consulting stakeholders on new ATTA” The Business Recorder November 19 2009

http://www.brecorder.com/index.php?id=988220.

23: http://www.paklinks.com/gs/culture-literature-linguistics/148820-ghairat.html

24: Jason Bourke “Teenage rape victim executed for bringing ‘shame’ to her tribesmen” The Guardian, April 18 1999

http://www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,3855659,00.html

25: http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/preamble.html

29: Naeem Shakir “Women and religious minorities under the Hudood Laws in Pakistan.” Posted on 2004-07-02

http://www.article2.org/mainfile.php/0303/144/

30: David Montero “Rape Law Reform Roils Pakistan’s Islamists” Christian Science Monitor Nov 17 2006

http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/1117/p07s02-wosc.html

33: Beena Sarwar “No ‘honour’ in killing” The News International September 3, 2008

http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=133499

(Beena Sarwar is not related to Samia Sarwar.)

38: There is a chain of public women’s refuges called Dar ul-Amans in Pakistan, of which the first was founded in Lahore many years ago. But these are widely reputed to be very unfriendly places. See Meera Jamal “Hapless women call Darul Aman ‘no less than prison’” Dawn Internet Edition August 13 2007.

http://www.dawn.com/2007/08/13/local1.htm

Chapter 5:

References in footnotes:

5: John Locke The Works of John Locke in Nine Volumes Twelfth ed. (London: Rivington, 1824) Vol. 8. Chapter: Some Thoughts Concerning Education.

http://oll.libertyfund.org/title/1444/81467/1930382

15: Atul Gawande “The Cost Conundrum: What a Texas Town Can Teach us about Health Care,” The New Yorker June 1, 2009

http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2009/06/01/090601fa_fact_gawande

16: “Rumsfeld Testifies Before Armed Services Committee,” transcript of Senate testimony on Friday May 7th 2004, at washingtonpost.com

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A8575-2004May7.html

17: Ian Fishback letter to Senator John McCain, printed in the Washington Post on 28 September, 2005, under the headline “A Matter of Honor”

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/27/AR2005092701527_pf.html

20: Tim Dickinson, “The Solider: Capt. Ian Fishback,” Rolling Stone Dec 15, 2005; http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/8957325/capt_ian_fishback