The Second Industrial Revolution

U.S. History - Chapter 14 Guided Notes

Industry & Railroads - Section 1

1. Identify several factors contributing to America’s industrial supremacy by early the 20th Century. #3

2. Identify the Bessemer process and explain its impact on American industry. #5

3. Describe the origins of the oil industry in America. #6

4.a. Discuss the expansion of railroads in America between1865-1890. #7

b. Describe the construction of the first transcontinental railroad. #7

c. What benefits did railroads offer . . .how did they serve to stimulate the economy and transform the American West? #8

The Rise of Big Business – Section 2

5. Identify core ideals basic to American industry. #10

6. Define division of labor and describe its benefits.

7. Define and discuss Social Darwinism. #11

8. Identify each of the following: #12 - #13

  • Proprietorship
  • Partnership
  • Corporation
  • limited liability
  • Board of directors

9. Why were corporations formed? Explain how the use of stock contributed to the formation of corporations.

10. Explain the three (3) methods used to consolidate, and explain the rationalization behind these practices.#14 - #15

  • Trusts
  • Monopoly
  • Pools

11. Identify and describe rebates (kickbacks) as a means of circumventing competition.

12. Explain the drawbacks to combinations for both consumers and producers.

13. Identify the following individuals. . .#16 - #20

  • Cornelius Vanderbilt
  • George Pullman
  • Andrew Carnegie
  • John D. Rockefeller

14. Discuss horizontal and vertical integration. #18 - #19

15. How do you personally judge the legacy of tycoons like Carnegie and Rockefeller? (Watch Greed before you respond.)

16. Identify and discuss the Gospel of Wealth. #22

17. Explain how businesses attempted to appeal to consumers of the late 19th century. #23

Workers Organize – Section 3

18. Identify and discuss the Sherman Antitrust Act. #25

19. Identify the working conditions experienced by laborers of the late 1800s. #26 - #27

20.a. How did workers attempt to improve their circumstances? #28

b.Identify the Knights of Labor, discussing their membership, general philosophies, and demise. #29 - #30

21. Describe the Haymarket Riot of 1886 and its impact on organized labor. #32

22. Describe strategies employed by management to counter the efforts of organized labor. #33

23. Identify the A.F.L., discussing its membership and general philosophies. #34

24. Describe the Homestead Strike of 1892. #35 - #36

25. Describe the Pullman Strike of 1893. #37

The Age of Invention – Section 4

26. Identify and discuss advances in transportation that emerged in the late 1800s. #39 - #42

27. Identify and discuss advances in communication that emerged in the late 1800s. #43 - #45

28. Describe the character and accomplishments of Thomas Edison. #46 - #47

29. Discuss the evolution of the modern store. #48