Name:______
Biol 212 Exam 1 Review
Thalidomide was listed as one example of isomerism. Why was this a good example of isomerism, and what were the consequences of its interconversion?
Lipids
Summarize the general functions, structure, and diversity of lipids. Also compare and contrast saturated and unsaturated fats (include source of both fats). Are unsaturated fats always better than saturated fats? Why?
What are the pros and cons of hydrogenation?
Fill-in-the-blank and Circle the correct answer
Carbohydrates have ______bonds which link ______(monomers) to form ______(polymers). Carbohydrate formula generally looks like this: ______. Cellulose and starch differ because cellulose has a ______bond which uses ______(specific monomer used) which makes it (digestible/indigestible), and starch has a ______bond which uses ______(specific monomer used) which makes it (digestible/indigestible). Carbohydrates function in ______.
Proteins
Monomer:
Monomer Structure:
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Four Classes of protein monomer:
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Polymer:
(small) -
(large) -
Protein Structure:
Primary:
Secondary:
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Tertiary:
Quaternary:
Protein Functions:
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What are the causes of protein denaturation, and what is required for a protein to renature?
How can reaction rates be controlled? What are some of the cons to each of these methods?
What is the difference between competitive and non-competitive inhibition? What would you expect in each case if you added only inactivator? What would you expect if after you added activator, you added more reactants?
Inhibitor Inhibitor
+ Reactants
Competetive inhibition:
Non-competetive inhibition
Define:
Active site:
Denaturation:
Renaturation:
Kinase:
Allosteric activation:
Allosteric inhibition:
Cooperativity:
Nucleic Acids
What is the difference between a nucleoside and a nucleotide? List the components of each and draw a diagram of how they are connected. Which is the monomer of nucleic acids?
How do the monomers connect to form a nucleic acid (i.e. what bond, where bonds form, “direction”)? What parts of the monomers bond to form the double helix?
How do you distinguish between purines and pyrimidines? Which of these forms more stable regions of the DNA (think clicker question in class)?
Who is credited with discovering the shape of DNA?
List the Nucleic Acid Funcions
DNA
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RNA
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Cells and Cell Membranes
What are the requirements for a something to be considered a cell?
What are the differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes in terms of genetic material, organelles, partitioning of cytoplasm, and cell structure and mobility?
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
When would it be appropriate to use fluorescent microscopy? Confocal microscopy?
What is the difference between DNA, chromatin, and chromosomes?
Where are ribosomes synthesized?
What is the lipid bilayer? Where is it found? What are its components? Explain the chemical properties of the most abundant component? What is the purpose of the lipid bilayer?