ANSWERS REVIEW TEST 4

ASTRONOMY

  1. The solar system is the SUN and all of the PLANETS that revolve around it.
  2. Astronomy is the study of what?

Study of the Universe

  1. What galaxy do we live in?

MILKY WAY

Which is bigger:

  1. Galaxy or Galaxy cluster? GALAXY CLUSTER
  2. Solar System or Galaxy? GALAXY
  3. Galaxy Cluster or Solar System? GALAXY CLUSTER
  4. What do we use to study space? (List 3 ways)

TELESCOPES, ASTRONAUTS, ROVERS, SPACE SHIPS

  1. Who was the first American in space? ALAN SHEPPARD
  2. When did he go into space? MAY 5TH, 1961
  3. Who were the first men to walk on the moon? NEIL ARMSTRONG AND BUZZ ALDRIN
  4. When did they walk on the moon? JULY 20TH, 1969
  5. List the planets in order and 2 facts about each.

1. MERCURY – 1ST PLANET, SMALLEST

2. VENUS – SIMILAR TO EARTH, 2ND PLANET

3. EARTH – MOST DENSE, ONLY PLANET WITH LIFE

4. MARS – RED PLANET DUE TO IRON OXIDE, 4TH PLANET

5. JUPITER – LARGEST PLANET, GAS GIANT

6. SATURN – MOST PROMINENT RINGS, 6TH PLANET

7. URANUS – BLUE DUE TO HIGH LEVELS OF METHANE, ALSO HAS RINGS

8. NEPTUNE – LAST IN OUR SOLAR SYSTEM

  1. List 3 reasons why Earth is best suited for life.

WATER, OXYGEN, JUST THE RIGHT DISTANCE AWAY/temp

14.  Label the order the solar system formed.

1 Nebula

3 Protoplanets

4 Planets and moons

2 Planetesimals

15.  Label the order the Moon formed.

2 Debris revolved around Earth

1 Mars sized object collided with Earth

3 Debris formed together

  1. Describe why dark matter is important to our universe

IT IS A SOURCE OF GRAVITY THAT HELPS HOLDS PLANETS AND GALAXIES NEAR

  1. Describe what a black hole is and how it forms.

A BLACK HOLE IS CREATED WHEN A STAR COLLAPSES, IT “SUCKS” IN EVERYTHING

  1. Whose model of the solar system said that the Earth was in the middle?

ARISTOTLE

  1. Whose model of the solar system said that the planets orbit Earth and also go in circles called epicycles?

PTOLEMY

  1. Whose model of the solar system said that the Sun was in the middle?

COPERNICUS

  1. What does heliocentric mean?

SUN CENTERED

  1. What did Galileo contribute to astronomy?

TELESCOPE AND SAID THAT PLANETS HAVE SATELLITES

  1. Kepler’s third law says the amount of TIME a planet takes to ORBIT the Sun is related to its ORBITAL PERIOD/ORBITAL SIZE
  1. The larger a planet’s orbit is the longer it will take it to orbit the sun is Kepler’s THIRD law.
  1. Describe Kepler’s first law. Draw a picture of it.

PLANETS ORBIT THE SUN IN A PATH CALLED AN ELLIPSE

  1. What two forces did Newton say influenced the orbits of the planets?

GRAVITY AND INERTIA

  1. What happens to a planet’s orbit if the pull of gravity is weaker (i.e. if the planet is further form the sun)?

THE ORBIT BECOMES LARGER WHEN THE PULL OF GRAVITY IS WEAKER

  1. Which planet would have the most elongated ellipse? Why?

NEPTUNE – FURTHEST AWAY=WEAKER GRAVITY

29. Explain why we see the same side of the moon (remember rotation and orbit length)

THE MOON ROTATES ON ITS AXIS AT THE SAME SPEED IT ORBITS THE EARTH

Identify the stages of the moon.

30.

Label each as Comet (C), Meteor (M), or Asteroid (A)

C 31. Made up of ice, rock, and dust

C 32. Orbits the sun in an elliptical path

M 33. Small (<1mm)

M 34. Near Earth

A 35. Found between Mars and Jupiter

A 36. Made up of just rock

C 37. Has 4 parts

38. Put the lifecycle of a star in order

2 Protostar

1 Nebula

5 Red Giant/Supergiant

7 Supernova/Black Hole

3 Main Sequence

4 Equilibrium

6 White Dwarf

39. Label the parts of the Sun

40. Describe the process of nuclear fusion.

HYDROGEN ATOMS COMBINE, RELEASE ENERGY, COMBINE AGAIN, RELEASE MORE ENRGY, COMBINE AGAIN TO CREATE HELIUM, AND RELESE MORE ENERGY

41. Why is nuclear fusion important?

CREATES STARS, GIVES OFF LIGHT, HEAT

42. What are some consequences of solar activity?

SUNSPOTS, SOLAR FLARES, AFFECT EARTH’S MAGNETIC FIELD

43. What determines a stars luminosity and magnitude/brightness?

ITS SIZE AND ENERGY

44. Is the sun cooler or hotter than other main-sequence stars?

COOLER

45. Describe how a protostar forms.

ATOMS AND DUST COMBINE IN A NEBULA

46. How does a supernova form?

A STAR USES ALL OF ITS ENERGY AND EXPLODES

47. What happens to a small star at the end of its life cycle?

BECOMES A WHITE DWARF

48. What happens to a large star at the end of its life cycle?

NEUTRON STAR/SUPERNOVA/BLACKHOLE

49. What is a nebula? What is its important in the field of astronomy?

A ROTATING CLOUD OF GAS AND DUST – IT CAN HELP CREATE SOLAR SYSTEMS BY COMBING ATOMS TO FORM A GIANT STAR WHICH THEN GIVES OFF HEAT AND ENERGY

50. How is a solar system/universe created?

THEY ALL STARTED WHEN THE UNIVERSE EXPLODED (BIG BANG) AND STARTED TO EXPAND OUTWARDS. THE MATTER COMBINED, FORMED NEBUALAS, AND THEN CREATED STARS. SOME STARS HELPED TO CREATE SOLAR SYSTEMS WHEN DUST COMBINED TO FORM PLANETESIMALS WHICH EVENTUALLY FORMED PROTOPLANETS WHICH THEN FORMED PLANETS AND MOONS.