PaperTitle (SCIRPTitle)

FirstName1 LastName11,2*, FirstName2 LastName23 (SCIRPAuthor)

1 NameofDepartment, NameofOrganization, City, Country (SCIRPPage1)

2 NameofDepartment, NameofOrganization, City, Country (SCIRPPage1)

3 NameofDepartment, NameofOrganization, City, Country (SCIRPPage1)

Email: *, (SCIRPPage1)

Received 01 December 2013; revised 03 January 2014; accepted 17 January 2014 (SCIRPPage1)

HandlingEditor: FirstNameLastName, NameofOrganization, Country

Copyright © 2014 byauthor(s) andScientificResearchPublishingInc.

ThisworkislicensedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionInternationalLicense (CCBY).

or

Copyright © 2014 byauthor(s) andScientificResearchPublishingInc.

ThisworkislicensedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionInternationalLicense (CCBY-NC).

Abstract (SCIRPUnnumberedHeading)

Thiselectronicdocumentisa “live” template. Thevariouscomponentsofyourpaper (title, text, heads, etc.) arealreadydefinedonthestylesheet, asillustratedbytheportionsgiveninthisdocument. (SCIRPText)

Keywords (SCIRPUnnumberedHeading)

Component; Formatting; Style; Styling; Insert (SCIRPText)

ListofSymbols (SCIRPUnnumberedHeading)

αangleofattack

γflightpathangle

θpitchattitude

A. Lastname1 etal.

Introduction (SCIRPHeadingLevel1)

ThistemplatewascreatedinMicrosoftWord 2003 (*.doc) andsavedalsoinWord 2007 (*.docx) forthePC. Itispossibletousethetemplateinbothversions. Thetemplateprovidesauthorswithmostoftheformattingspecificationsneededforpreparingelectronicversionsoftheirpapers. ThistemplatehasitsrootsintemplatesusedbyIEEE ( foritsjournals. Allstandardpapercomponentshavebeenspecifiedforthreereasons: 1) easeofusewhenformattingindividualpapers, 2) automaticcompliancetoelectronicrequirementsthatfacilitatethegenerationofelectronicproducts, and 3) conformityofstylethroughoutajournalpaper. Margins, columnwidths, linespacing, andtypestylesarebuilt-in; examplesofthetypestylesareprovidedthroughoutthisdocument. Namesofthe “SCIRPStyles” areidentifiedthroughoutthistext. See “SCIRPStyles”. Somecomponents, suchasmulti-leveledequationsandgraphics, andtablesarenotprescribedindetail, althoughthevarioustabletextstylesareprovided. Theformatterwillneedtocreatethesecomponents, incorporatingtheapplicablecriteriathatfollow. Thefirstparagraphoftextfollowingaheadingisformattedwith “SCIRPText”. Startingwiththesecondparagraphformattingisdonewith “SCIRPTextIdent”. Thelastparagraphbeforeanewheadingisfinishedwithanextraline.

EaseofUse

2.1SelectingaTemplate (SCIRPHeadingLevel2)

First, confirmthatyouhavethecorrecttemplateforyourpapersize. Thistemplatehasbeentailoredforoutputonthecustompapersize (21cmx 28.5cm). ThisisnotastallasA4 (21cmx 29.7cm).

2.2MaintainingtheIntegrityoftheSpecifications

Thetemplateisusedtoformatyourpaperandstylethetext. Allmargins, columnwidths, linespaces, andtextfontsareprescribed; pleasedonotalterthem. Youmaynotepeculiarities. Forexample, thepapersizeisdifferentfromA4. Thesemeasurementsandothersaredeliberate, usingspecificationsthatanticipateyourpaperasonepartoftheentirejournal, andnotasanindependentdocument. Pleasedonotreviseanyofthecurrentdesignations. Thestylesaredefinedinahierarchy. Pleasereferto

PrepareYourPaperbeforeStyling

Beforeyoubegintoformatyourpaper, firstwriteandsavethecontentasaseparatetextfile. Keepyourinitialtextandyourgraphicfilesseparate. Limittheuseoftabs, blanksandreturnsinanattempttopre-styleyourmanuscript. Donotaddanykindofpaginationanywhereinthepaper. Youmaypreliminarilynumbertextheads, butnotethetemplatewilldothatforyoulater. Numberequations, tablesandfigures; thepresenttemplatedoesnotdothisforyou. Neverrefertosometextbyapagenumberbutbythesectionnumber. Neverrefertoafigureortableasbeinglocated “below” or “above”, butbythenumber. Alwaysconsiderthepossibilitiesinwhichwayyourtextcouldstillchangeduringfinaltypesettingbythepublisher. Completecontentandorganizationaleditingbeforestyling. Pleasetakenoteoftheitemsasexplainedinthefollowingsubchapterswhenproofreadingspellingandgrammar.

3.1AbbreviationsandAcronyms

Defineabbreviationsandacronymsthefirsttimetheyareusedinthetext, evenaftertheyhavebeendefinedinthebeginningofyourmanuscript. AbbreviationsthatcanbeconsideredverycommonsuchasSI, kg, dcoracdonothavetobedefined. Donotuseabbreviationsinthetitleorheadsunlesstheyareunavoidable.

3.2Units

  • UseSIunits (m, kg, s) asprimaryunits. Englishunitsmaybeusedassecondaryunits (inparentheses). AnexceptionwouldbetheuseofEnglishunitswheretheyareacceptedstandards. Examplesaree.g. inaviationftandNMusedinspecialcircumstances.
  • AvoidcombiningSIandEnglishunits. Thisoftenleadstoconfusionbecauseequationsdonotbalancedimensionally.
  • Avoiddimensionalequationsinwhichthequantityontheleftsideresultsinacertainunitbasedontheinputincertainotherunitsontherightside. Ifyoumustusedimensionalequations, clearlystatetheunitsforeachquantitythatyouuseintheequation.
  • Donotmixcompletespellingsandabbreviationsofunits: “Wb/m2” or “weberspersquaremeter”, not “webers/m2”. Spelloutunitswhentheyappearintext: “... afewhenries”, not “... afewH”.
  • Useazerobeforedecimalpoints: “0.25”, not “.25”. Use “cm3”, not “cc”.

3.3Equations

Equationsshouldbeeditedbyusing an EquationEditor, notastextandnotasgraphics. Youaresuggestedtouse for Word the MicrosoftEquationEditor which is a cut-down version ofMathtype. Use 6.0 raboveversion. For Libre Office you will use LibreOffice Math. Some compatibility to Mathtype is given. ItalicizeRomanandGreeksymbolsforquantitiesandvariables. Donotitalicizeconstantsasπ, etc. Usealongdashratherthanahyphenforaminussign.

Equationsarecentered, usingacenteredtabstopinthemiddleofthepage. Numberequationsconsecutively. Equationnumbers, withinparentheses, arepositionedflushright, asin (1), usingtherighttabstop. Punctuateequationswithcommasorperiodswhentheyarepartofasentence, asin

.(1)

Besurethatthesymbolsinyourequationhavebeendefinedinthebeginningofyourmanuscript, beforeorimmediatelyfollowingtheequation. Torefertoanequationuse “Equation (1)”, not “Eq. (1)” orusesimply “(1)”. Usethelongerform “Equation (1) ...” atthebeginningofasentence.

3.4SomeCommonMistakes

  • Theword “data” isplural, notsingular. Theword “aircraft” ispluralandsingular. Donotwrite “aircrafts”, itiswrong.
  • InAmericanEnglish, commas, semicolons, periods, questionandexclamationmarksarelocatedwithinquotationmarksonlywhenacompletethoughtornameiscited, suchasatitleorfullquotation. Whenquotationmarksareused, insteadofaboldoritalictypeface, tohighlightawordorphrase, punctuationshouldappearoutsideofthequotationmarks. Aparentheticalphraseorstatementattheendofasentenceispunctuatedoutsideoftheclosingparenthesis (likethis). (Aparentheticalsentenceispunctuatedwithintheparentheses.)
  • Agraphwithinagraphisan “inset”, notan “insert”. Thewordalternativelyispreferredtotheword “alternately” (unlessyoureallymeansomethingthatalternates).
  • Donotusetheword “essentially” tomean “approximately” or “effectively”.
  • Beawareofthedifferentmeaningsofthehomophones “affect” and “effect”, “complement” and “compliment”, “discreet” and “discrete”, “principal” and “principle”.
  • Donotconfuse “imply” and “infer”.
  • Theprefix “non” isnotaword; itshouldbejoinedtotheworditmodifies, usuallywithoutahyphen.
  • Thereisnoperiodafterthe “et” butaperiodafterthe “al” intheLatinabbreviation “etal.”.
  • Theabbreviation “i.e.” means “thatis”, andtheabbreviation “e.g.” means “forexample”.

UsingtheTemplate

AfterbasictexteditinghasbeencompletedinyouroriginalfileandallhintsfromSection3 areobserved, thepaperisreadyforstylingwiththistemplate. Duplicatethetemplatefilee.g. byusingtheSaveAscommand. Inthisnewlycreatedtemplatefileexchangethetemplatetextbyyourtext. Copythetextfromyouroriginalfileandpasteitintothetemplatefilesectionbysectionasunformattedtext. Inthisway, thepastedtexttakesonthevariousformatsofthetemplatefile. Ifthestyleisnotwhatyouexpect, clickinthetextandselecttheappropriateSCIRPStyle.

4.1AuthorsandAffiliations

Thetemplateisdesignedsothatauthoraffiliationsarenotrepeatedeachtimeformultipleauthorsofthesameaffiliation. Pleasekeepyouraffiliationsassuccinctaspossible. Providethenameofyourunit (department), yourorganization (university), yourcity, andyourcountry. DoNOTforexample, postyourjobtitles, positions, academicdegrees, zipcodes, namesofbuilding, street, district, province, orstate.

4.2IdentifytheHeadings

Headings, orheads, areorganizationaldevicesthatguidethereaderthroughyourpaper. Therearetwotypes: componentheadsandtextheads.

Componentheadsidentifythedifferentcomponentsofyourpaperandarenottopicallysubordinatetoeachother. ExamplesincludeAbstract, AcknowledgementsandReferencesand, forthese, thecorrectstyletouseis “SCIRPUnnumberedHeading”. Use “SCIPRTableFigureCaption” foryourfiguresubtitles (belowthefigure) andforyourtableheading (abovethetable).

Textheadsorganizethetopicsonarelational, hierarchicalbasis. Forexample, thepapertitleistheprimarytextheadbecauseallsubsequentmaterialrelatesandelaboratesonthisonetopic. Iftherearetwoormoresub-topics, thesecondlevelheadshouldbeusedand, conversely, iftherearenotatleasttwosub-topics, thennosub-headsshouldbeintroduced. Stylesnamed “SCIRPHeadingLevel1”, “SCIRPHeadingLevel2”, and “SCIRPHeadingLevel3” areprescribed. Donotusemorethanthesethreelevels. Capitalizeeachwordinatexthead, exceptforfunctionwords: articles, pronouns, prepositions (in, with, ...), andconjunctions (and, but, ...).

4.3Equations

Thelinewithanequationisformattedwith “SCIRPEquation”. Theequationiscentered. Useonetabinfrontandonetabaftertheequation. Afterthesecondtab, placetheequationnumberrightaligned.

4.4FiguresandTables

Positionfiguresandtablesleftalignedinthetext. Thisiseasytocoordinatewiththefiguresubtitlesandtableheadings. Figuresubtitlesshouldbebelowthefigures; tableheadingsshouldappearabovethetables. Hereinthistextheadingandsubtitlearecalled “caption” iftheyarereferredtogether. Formatthecaptionasshown, with “Figure 1” and “Table1” boldandcoloredinRGB: 49/132/155 (Turquoise6 for LibreOffice). Therestofthecaptionfollowsafteratabinnormalfontandnormalblackcolor (pleaseeditmanually). Thefigureandtablecaptionsareleftandrightalignedindependentofthewidthofthefigureorthetable.

Tablesconsistoftablecolumnheads, subheads, andnormaltabletext. ThebackgroundoftablecolumnheadsandsubheadsiscoloredwithRGB: 182/221/232 (Blue 8 for LibreOffice). Eachtablehasthreelinesof 1 ½ ptwidth. Thesethreelinesareframingthetopandbottomofthetableandthebottomofthetableheads. TheselinesarecoloredwithRGB 49/132/155. Thetableheadsandsubheadsareseparatedfromeachotherwithahorizontallineof 1 ptwidth. Nolinesareusedinthemainbodyofthetable. SeeTable 1asanexample.

Trytoinsertfiguresandtablesaftertheyarecitedinthetextforthefirsttime. Use “Figure 1” and “Table1” torefertoeachfigureandtoeachtableatleastonce. “Figure 1” and “Table1” areinboldfaceandarecoloredwithRGB: 49/132/155. SCIRPwilladdlinksto “Figure 1” and “Table1” duringtypesetting. Theauthordoesnotneedtoprovidetheselinks.

Table 1Exampleofatableheading. Thetableheadingisindispensable. (SCIRPTableFigureCaption)

TableColumnHead / TableColumnHead (SCIRPTableColHead)
Tablecolumnsubhead (SCIRPTable
ColSubhead) / Subhead / Subhead / Subhead / Subhead
TableText / TableText
(SCIRPTableText)a / TableText / TableText / TableText / TableText
TableText / TableText / TableText / TableText / TableText / TableText

aSampleofatablefootnote. Atablefootnoteisdispensable. (SCIRPTableFootnote)

FigureLabels: UsewordsratherthansymbolsorabbreviationswhenwritingFigureaxislabelstoavoidconfusingthereader. Asanexample, writethequantity “MachNumber”, or “Thrust”, notjust “M” or “T”. Ifincludingunitsinthelabel, presentthemwithinparentheses. Donotlabelaxesonlywithunits. Intheexample, write “Thrust (N)” notjust “N”. Donotlabelaxeswitharatioofquantitiesandunits. Forexample, write “Temperature (K)”, not “Temperature/K”. SeeFigure1asanexample.

Figure 1Exampleofafiguresubtitle. Thefiguresubtitleisindispensable. Thisisanexampleofaverylongfiguresubtitle. Itbecomesvisiblehowthetextisindentedandleftandrightaligned. Colorthestartofthesubtitlenamedhere “Figure 1” inRGB: 49/132/155.

4.5Footnotes

Numberfootnotesinsuperscripts[1]. Thefootnote[2]isautomaticallyplacedatthebottomofthepageonwhichitwascited. Use “SCRIPFootnote” toformatthefootnoteandtheidentifier. Donotputfootnotesinthereferencelist. Uselettersfortablefootnotes (seeTable1) andformatthemwith “SCIRPTableFootnote”.

Conclusions

Thefirstvisualimpressionofyourpapermaydetermineifapotentialreaderwillreadyourtextornot. Goodtextformattingisthefirststeptohelpyourreadertounderstandyourscientificcontent. Properlabelingandreferencingshouldbeself-evidentforanyscientist.

Acknowledgments

Theauthorsacknowledgethefinancialsupportof ... (institution) whichmadethisworkpossible. Theauthorsgratefullyacknowledgethecontributionsfrom ... (persons). Theauthorsdeclarethatnoconflictofinterestexistswiththeresultsandconclusionspresentedinthispaper. Publicationethicshavebeenobserved. Note: Thelasttwosentencesmustalwaysbeincluded. Referto AnICMJE-PDF-Formcanbeusedtoautomaticallygenerateaconflictofintereststatement. Thisstatementshouldbecopiedhere. Ifthetextaboutpossibleconflictsofinterestbecomestoolong, anewsectioncalled "ConflictsofInterest" shouldbeusedandshouldfollowthesection “Acknowledgments”.

References

Allreferencesshouldbeformattedaccordingtotheauthor-datesystemapplyingtheHarvardsystemaspresentedinISO690, AppendixA.2, BandC. Pleaseconsultalsothedetailsgivenunder

Throughoutthetextauthor-datein-textcitationhastobeused. Ifthecreator'snameoccursnaturallyinthetext, theyearfollowsinparentheses. Example: Malik (2001)showsthat ... Ifthecitationisonlyaddedattheendofasentence, bothnameandyearareinparentheses. Example: Thisisconsideredalargedeformation (Hu2004). Incitationstoparticularpartsofaninformationresource, thelocationofthatpart (e.g. thepagenumber) maybegivenaftertheyearwithintheparentheses. Example: Thiscanbecausedbyrobotmanipulation (Ortega 1995, p. 1434). Pleasenotefromtheexamplegiven, howthein-textcitationiscolored. RGB 49/132/155 isusedagain. SCIRPwilladdlinkstocoloredin-textcitationsduringtypesetting. Theauthordoesnotneedtoprovidetheselinks.

Whenpreparingthereferencelist, giveallauthors’ namesasfaraspossible; donotuse “etal.”. Papersthathavenotbeenpublished, eveniftheyhavebeensubmittedforpublication, shouldbecitedas “[unpublished]”. Papersthathavebeenacceptedforpublicationshouldbecitedas “[inproduction]”. Capitalizeeachwordinapapertitle, exceptforfunctionwords: articles, pronouns, prepositions (in, with, ...), andconjunctions (and, but, ...). Forpaperspublishedintranslationjournals, pleasegivetheEnglishcitationfirst, followedbytheoriginalforeign-languagecitation.

Pleasecompletelynormalizeyourreferencesasthefollowingformat. Pleaseregisteryouremailat andretrieveDigitalObjectIdentifiers (DOIs) forjournalarticles, books, andchaptersbysimplycuttingandpastingthelistofreferenceandinsertthemat Ifthatdoesnotworkyoumaywanttotryaformbasedqueryat PreservehyperlinksandunderlinesinDOIsasforMalik 2001andOrtega1995.

Theexamplesbelowmayhelpyoutoformatyourreferencelist. Malik 2001isanexampleforajournalpaper, Hu2004isanexampleforconferenceproceedings, Ortega 1995isanexamplefortransactions, Wit 2004isanexampleforabook, Prasad 1982isanarticleorchapterinaneditedbook, Giambastiani 2007isanexampleforathesis, Wu1994isanexampleforanarticleinproceedings, Auld 2013isanexampleforanarticlefromtheInternet, Wright1906isanexampleforapatent.

AULD, DouglassJ. andSRINIVAS, K., 2013. AerodynamicsforStudents. LectureNotes. Sydney: Aerospace, MechanicalandMechatronicEngineering, TheUniversityofSydney. Availablefrom: [viewed 2013-12-26].

GIAMBASTIANI, B.M.S., 2007. EvoluzioneIdrologicaedIdrogeologicaDellaPinetadiSanVitale (Ravenna). Ph.D. Thesis, Bologna: BolognaUniversity.

HU, T. andDESAI, J.P., 2004. Soft-TissueMaterialPropertiesunderLargeDeformation: StrainRateEffect. In: Proceedingsofthe 26thAnnualInternationalConferenceoftheIEEEEMBS.SanFrancisco, 1-5 September 2004. NewYork: IEEE, pp. 2758-2761.

MALIK, A.S., BOYKO, O., ATKAR, N. andYOUNG, W.F., 2001. AComparativeStudyofMRImagingProfileofTitaniumPedicleScrews. ActaRadiologica, vol. 42, no.3, pp.291-293.

ORTEGA, R., LORIA, A. andKELLY, R., 1995. ASemi-GloballyStableOutputFeedbackPI2DRegulatorforRobotManipulators. IEEETransactionsonAutomaticControl,vol.40, no.8, pp.1432-1436.

PRASAD, A.S., 1982. ClinicalandBiochemicalSpectrumofZincDeficiencyinHumanSubjects. In: PRASAD, A.S. ed. Clinical, BiochemicalandNutritionalAspectsofTraceElements.NewYork: AlanR. Liss, pp. 5-15.

WIT, E. andMcCLURE, J., 2004. StatisticsforMicroarrays: Design, Analysis, andInference. 5thed., Chichester: JohnWileySons.

WRIGHT, O. andWRIGHT, W., 1906. Flying-Machine. USPatentNo. 821393.

WU, J.K., 1994. TwoProblemsofComputerMechanicsProgramSystem. In: ProceedingsofFiniteElementAnalysisandCAD. Beijing: PekingUniversityPress, pp. 9-15.

AbouttheAuthors

FirstA. AuthorandtheotherauthorshavetheopportunityintheSCIRPjournalAASTtoincludetheirveryshortandstrictlyformattedbiographyattheendoftheregularpaper. ThisisinlinewithIEEEpapersbutotherwisestillanunusualpractice. AtAASTthebiographiesareshorterthanatIEEE. Theadvantageofbiographiesistomakethepublicationmoreopen. Biographiesa) putthetextofthepaperinperspectivetotheexperienceoftheauthors, b) provideasmallplatformfortheauthorstomakethemselvesbetterknowninthecommunity, c) maysatisfyalsothecuriosityofthereaders. Thefirstparagraphcontainstheauthor’seducationalbackground. Thedegree, itstypeandfieldofstudyshouldbelistedtogetherwiththeinstitution, city, state, countryandyearthedegreewasearned. Theauthor’smajorfieldofstudyshouldbelower-cased.

Thesecondparagraphusesthepronounoftheperson (heorshe) andlistsworkexperienceinchronologicalorder. Jobtitlesarecapitalized. Thecurrentjobshouldbegivenwithalocation. Previouspositionsmaybelistedwithoutmuchdetail. Currentresearchinterestsendtheparagraph.

Thethirdparagraphbeginswiththeauthor’stitleandlastname (e.g., Dr. Smith, Prof. Jones, Mr. Kajor, Ms. Hunter). ItisincludedonlyiftheauthorcanstateactivitiesatSCIRP. TheseactivitiesmaybeworkasareviewerormemberofanEditorialBoardatSCIRP. Biographiesnotfollowingthesestrictruleswillbereformattedbythepublisherordeleted. SCIRPhaslittlemeansofcheckingtheaccuracyofbiographiesandcannottakeanyresponsibilityoftheircorrectness. Followingaretwoexamplesofanauthor’sbiography.

SecondB. AuthorreceivedtheB.S. andM.S. degreesinaerospaceengineeringfromtheUniversityofVirginia, Charlottesvillein 2004 andthePh.D.degreeinmechanicalengineeringfromDrexelUniversity, Philadelphia, PA, in 2011.

From 2004 to 2007, hewasaResearchAssistantwiththePrincetonPlasmaPhysicsLaboratory. Since 2012, hehasbeenanAssistantProfessorwiththeMechanicalEngineeringDepartment, TexasAMUniversity, CollegeStation. Hisresearchinterestsincludeplasmapropulsionandinnovativeplasmaapplications.

Prof. AuthorisaregularreviewerforSCIRPjournals.

ThirdC. AuthorreceivedtheB.S. degreeinmechanicalengineeringfromNationalChungChengUniversity, Chiayi, Taiwanin 2007 andtheM.S. degreeinmechanicalengineeringfromNationalTsingHuaUniversity, Hsinchu, Taiwanin 2009. HeiscurrentlypursuingthePh.D. degreeinmechanicalengineeringatTexasAMUniversity, CollegeStation.

From 2011 to 2012, hewasaResearchAssistantwithTexasAMUniversity. Hisresearchinterestincludesfundamentalstudiesofplasmasources.

1

[1]Thisisanexampleofafootnote. (SCIRPFootnote)

[2]Thisisanexampleofanotherfootnote. (SCIRPFootnote)