TABLE S1: PCR conditions and size of amplified fragments in Phyllanthus amarus

and P. fraternus

Abbreviation of
cpDNA primersa / PCR Conditions / Size of Amplified fragment (bp)
Annealing Temperature / Extension Time
CD / 52°C / 4 min 30 sec / 2000
DT / 52°C / 2 min / 1900
FV / 50°C / 4 min 30 sec / 3700
HK / 51°C / 2 min 30 sec / 1750
K1K2 / 53°C / 3 min / 2800
VL / 54°C / 4 min 30 sec / 3900

a Abbreviation as in Dumolin et al. (1997)


TABLE S2. Majority patterns and variants (in bp) in the polymorphic fragments obtained with various

primer pair-restriction enzyme combinations analyzed in Phyllanthus amarus.

Polymorphic fragments* / Majority (bp) / Variant (bp)
1CD-(HinfI)1 / 0 (A) / 560 (B)
2CD-(HinfI)2 / 475 (A) / 490 (B)
1CD-(HinfI)3 / 0 (A) / 340 (B)
1CD-(HinfI)4 / 0 (A) / 200 (B)
2CD-(TaqI)1 / 670 (A) / 685 (B)
1CD-(TaqI)2 / 460 (A) / 470 (B)
3DT-(TaqI)1 / 95 (A) / 50 + 45 (B)
1FV-(TaqI)1 / 0 (A) / 560 (B)
1FV-(TaqI)2 / 0 (A) / 410 (B)
4HK-(TaqI)1 / 360 (A) / 0 (B)
1HK-(TaqI)2 / 0 (A) / 320 (B)
1HK-(TaqI)3 / 0 (A) / 220 (B)
1K1K2-(HinfI)1 / 0 (A) / 480 (B)
1K1K2-(HinfI)2 / 0 (A) / 400 (B)
1K1K2-(HinfI)3 / 0 (A) / 170 (B)
5K1K2-(HinfI)4 / 0 (A) / 150 (B)
6VL-(HinfI)1 / 480 (A) / 470 (B)
6VL-(TaqI)1 / 505 (A) / 490 (B)

* Polymorphic fragments with the same superscript number revealed identical haplotype information

TABLE S3. Haplotype composition (H1 to H8) of nine populations (PA1 to PA9) of Phyllanthus amarus

Haplotype / Populations
PA1 / PA2 / PA3 / PA4 / PA5 / PA6 / PA7 / PA8 / PA9 / Total / Frequency
H1 / 12 / 6 / 5 / 4 / 7 / 11 / 4 / 0 / 5 / 54 / 0.519
H2 / 0 / 4 / 4 / 6 / 4 / 1 / 11 / 3 / 3 / 36 / 0.346
H3 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0.010
H4 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0.010
H5 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0.010
H6 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0.010
H7 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 7 / 1 / 8 / 0.077
H8 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 2 / 0.019
TOTAL / 12 / 10 / 9 / 10 / 11 / 13 / 18 / 10 / 11 / 104 / 1.000


TABLE S4. Majority patterns and variants (in bp) in the polymorphic fragments obtained with various

primer pair-restriction enzyme combinations analyzed in Phyllanthusfraternus

Polymorphic fragments* / Majority / Variant
1CD-(HinfI)1 / 130(A) / 105(B)
2CD-(TaqI)1 / 600(A) / 570(B)
3DT-(HinfI)1 / Nil(A) / 150(B)
4FV-(HinfI)1 / 250(A) / 220(B)
4FV-(TaqI)1 / 100 (A) / 90 (B)
5HK-(TaqI)1 / 370(A) / 380(B)
6K1K2-(TaqI)1 / Nil(A) / 290 (B)
7VL-(HinfI)1 / 1550(A) / 1500+50(B)
8VL-(HinfI)2 / 160(A) / 180(B)
9VL-(HinfI)3 / Nil(A) / 175(B)

* Polymorphic fragments with the same superscript number revealed identical haplotype information


Table S5.Haplotype composition (H1 to H15) of eight populations (PF1 to PF8) of Phyllanthus fraternus.

Haplotypes / POPULATIONS
PF1 / PF2 / PF3 / PF4 / PF5 / PF6 / PF7 / PF8 / Total / Frequency
H1 / 4 / 3 / 3 / 0 / 4 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 14 / 0.167
H2 / 6 / 2 / 3 / 5 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 16 / 0.190
H3 / 0 / 3 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 0.036
H4 / 0 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 0.024
H5 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 6 / 3 / 7 / 10 / 7 / 36 / 0.049
H6 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0.012
H7 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0.012
H8 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0.012
H9 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0.012
H10 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 0.024
H11 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0.012
H12 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0.012
H13 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0.012
H14 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 0 / 2 / 0.024
H15 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 2 / 0.024
TOTAL / 10 / 10 / 10 / 11 / 14 / 8 / 12 / 9 / 84 / 1.000