Supplementary Table 1. Survey of Tasiilaq Vascular Floras Recorded by Kruuse (1912), Böcher

Supplementary Table 1. Survey of Tasiilaq vascular floras recorded by Kruuse (1912), Böcher (1938) and the authors (1968, 1969, 1981, 2007). In brackets name given by Kruuse; a means species absent in Tasiilaq and not considered in calculations; In - introductions according to Kruuse (1912) and Böcher et al (1966, 1978); Re - recent introductions according to Gartmann (1990). Biological distribution types (BDT) after Fredskild (1996) from Böcher (1975): A widely distributed arctic, AC arctic continental, MA middle arctic, L low arctic, LO low arctic oceanic, LC low arctic continental, B boreal, BO boreal oceanic, BC boreal continental, BS boreal sylvicolous. X unclassified

Fredskild 1996 (BDT Böcher 1975) / x
Kruuse 1912, native species / x
Böcher 1938 (collections by Bøgvad and Hammer 1933) / x
Böcher et al. 1966, introductions / x
Böcher et al. 1978, introductions / x
Gartmann 1990, introductions / x
Daniёls/deMolenaar 1968/1969, native species / x
Daniёls/deMolenaar 1981, Equisetum hiemale / x
Species absent (a) in SE/SEm (Fredskild 1996) / x
Daniёls/de Molenaar 2007, native species / x
Common native species 1968/69 and 2007 / x
Number of native species / 168 / 151 / 74 / 146 / 141 / 140
Draba fladnizensis / A / x / a
Draba cf. glabella (D. hirta) / AC / x / a
Pedicularis lanata / AC / x / a
Salix arctophila (S. groenlandica) / L / x / a
Poa flexuosa (as Poa laxa) / L / x / a
Callitriche hamulata (var. trichophylla) / B / x / a
Sagina caespitosa / MA / x / a
Erigeron cf. humilis (E. alpinus) / MA / x
Campanula uniflora / MA / x
Ranunculus pygmeus / MA / x / x
Juncus biglumis / A / x
Juncus triglumis / A / x
Minuartia cf. rubella (Alsine verna) / A / x
Woodsia alpina (W. hyperborea) / A / x
Antennaria hansii (A. dioica v. hyperborea) / LO / x
Luzula multiflora ssp. frigida (L. multiflora) / L / x
Ranunculus reptans / B / x
Sedum acre / B / x
Asplenium viride / BO / x
Poa nemoralis / BS / x
Listera cordata / BS / x / x / x
Rumex acetosella / B / x / x / x
Triglochin palustre / B / x
Potentilla tridentata / B / x / x / x / x
Equisetum hiemale / B / x
Montia fontana / B / x / x / x / x
Selaginella selaginoides / LO / x / x / x
Epilobium lactiflorum / LO / x / x / x / x
Draba incana / LO / x / x / x
Draba norvegica / LO / x / x / x
Kobresia myosuriodes / LC / x / x / x
Carex brunnescens / L / x / x / x
Arabis arenicola / MA / x / ax
Erigeron eriocephalus / MA / x / x / x
Carex microglochin / LC / x / x / x / x
Betula nana / LO / x / x / x / x
Harrimanella hypnoides (Cassiope h.) / LO / x / x / x / x
Loiseleuria procumbens / LO / x / x / x / x / x
Phyllodoce coerulea / LO / x / x / x / x
Agrostis mertensii (A. borealis) / LO / x / x / x / x
Salix herbacea / LO / x / x / x / x / x
Deschampsia alpina (Aira caespitosa f. alpina) / LO / x / x / x / x / x
Juncus trifidus / LO / x / x / x / x / x
Luzula confusa (L. arcuata et L. confusa) / LO / x / x / x / x / x
Luzula spicata / LO / x / x / x / x / x
Poa alpina / LO / x / x / x / x / x
Alchemilla glomerulans / LO / x / x / x / x / x
Angelica archangelica (A. officinalis) / LO / x / x / x / x
Antennaria canescens (A. alpina) / LO / x / x / x / x
Arabis alpina / LO / x / x / x / x / x
Bartsia alpina / LO / x / x / x / x / x
Phleum commutatum (P. alpinum) / LO / x / x / x / x / x
Alchemilla alpina / LO / x / x / x / x / x
Erigeron uniflorus incl. borealis / LO / x / x / x / x
Epilobium anagallidifolium / LO / x / x / x / x / x
Epilobium hornemannii / LO / x / x / x / x
Gentiana nivalis / LO / x / x / x / x
Gnaphalium norvegicum / LO / x / x / x / x
Gnaphalium supinum / LO / x / x / x / x
Hieracium alpinum / LO / x / x / x / x
Lychnis alpina / LO / x / x / x / x / x
Minuartia biflora (Alsine biflora) / LO / x / x / x / x / x
Rhodiola rosea (Sedum Rhodiola) / LO / x / x / x / x / x
Sedum annuum / LO / x / x / x / x / x
Potentilla crantzii (P. maculata) / LO / x / x / x / x / x
Taraxacum croceum / LO / x / x / x / x / x
Thalictrum alpinum / LO / x / x / x / x / x
Sibbaldia procumbens / LO / x / x / x / x / x
Veronica fruticans (V. saxatilis) / LO / x / x / x / x / x
Diphasiastrum alpinum (Lycopodium alpinum) / LO / x / x / x / x
Polystichum lonchitis (Aspidium lonchitis) / LO / x / x / x / x
Alchemilla wichurae / LO / x / x / x
Cerastium cerastioides (C. trigynum) / LO / x / x / x / x / x
Saxifraga stellaris / LO / x / x / x / x / x
Saxifraga aizoides / L / x / x / x / x
Diapensia lapponica / L / x / x / x / x / x
Empetrum hermaphroditum / L / x / x / x / x / x
Salix glauca ssp. callicarpaea / L / x / x / x / x / x
Vaccinium uliginosum / L / x / x / x / x / x
Carex capitata arctogena / L / x / x / x / x
Carex bigelowii (C. rigida) / L / x / x / x / x / x
Carex lachenalii (C. lagopina) / L / x / x / x / x / x
Carex macloviana / L / x / x / x / x
Carex rariflora / L / x / x / x / x
Carex scirpoidea / L / x / x / x / x
Festuca rubra / L / x / x / x / x / x
Campanula gieseckiana (C. rotundifolia) / L / x / x / x / x / x
Euphrasia frigida (E. latifolia) / L / x / x / x / x / x
Tofieldia pusilla (T. borealis) / L / x / x / x / x
Woodsia ilvensis s.l. / L / x / x / x / x / x
Carex capillaris / L / x / x / x / x
Carex glareosa / L / x / x / x / x
Carex subspathacea / L / x / x / x / x
Puccinellia coarctata (Glyceria angustata) / L / x / x / x / x
Cardamine pratensis / L / x / x / x / x
Mertensia maritima / L / x / x / x / x
Pedicularis flammea / L / x / x / x / x
Potentilla egedii (P. anserina v. groenlandica) / L / x / x / x / x
Saxifraga paniculata (S. aizoon) / L / x / x / x / x / x
Juniperus communis ssp. alpina (J. alpina) / B / x / x / x / x / x
Agrostis hyperborea (A. canina) / B / x / x / x / x
Calamagrostis neglecta / B / x / x / x / x / x
Comarum palustre (Potentilla palustris) / B / x / x / x / x / x
Pinguicula vulgaris / B / x / x / x / x / x
Ranunculus acris / B / x / x / x / x / x
Plantago maritima / B / x / x / x / x / x
Veronica alpina / B / x / x / x / x / x
Equisetum arvense / B / x / x / x / x / x
Alopecuris aequalis (A. aristulatus) / B / x / x / x / x
Juncus subtilis (J. bulbosus) / B / x / x / x / x
Botrychium lunularia / B / x / x / x / x
Callitriche palustris (C. verna) / B / x / x / x / x
Hippuris vulgaris / B / x / x / x / x / x
Honckenya peploides / B / x / x / x / x
Sagina saginoides (S. Linnaei) / B / x / x / x / x
Sedum villosum / B / x / x / x / x
Sparganium angustifolium (S. minimum) / B / x / x / x / x
Subularia aquatica / B / x / x / x / x
Potamogeton filiformis / B / x / x / x / x
Leucorchis albida (Habenaria a.) / BO / x / x / x / x / x
Thymus praecox arcticus (T. serpyllum v. prostrata) / BO / x / x / x / x / x
Alchemilla filicaulis / BO / x / x / x / x
Viola palustris / BO / x / x / x / x / x
Scirpus caespitosus / BO / x / x / x
Plathanthera hyperborea (Habenaria h.) / BS / x / x / x / x
Chamaenerion angustifolium / BS / x / x / x / x / x
Coptis trifolia / BS / x / x / x / x
Deschampsia flexuosa (Aira flexuosa montana) / BS / x / x / x
Hieracium hyparcticum / BS / x / x / x / x / x
Pyrola minor / BS / x / x / x / x
Stellaria calycantha (S. borealis) / BS / x / x / x / x
Gymnocarpium dryopteris (Aspidium dryopteris) / BS / x / x / x / x
Lycopodium annotinum alpestre / BS / x / x / x / x
Galium brandegei (G. palustre) / BC / x / x / x / x
Ranunculus glacialis / MA / x / x / x / x / x
Dryas integrifolia / AC / x / x / x / x / x
Rhododendron lapponicum / AC / x / x / x / x
Pedicularis hirsuta / AC / x / x / x / x / x
Carex nardina / AC / x / x / x / x
Armeria scabra (A. sibirica) / AC / x / x / x / x / x
Eriophorum scheuchzeri / A / x / x / x / x / x
Poa arctica incl. pratensis (Poa cenisia) / A / x / x / x / x / x
Poa glauca / A / x / x / x / x
Trisetum spicatum (T. subspicatum) / A / x / x / x / x / x
Cerastium alpinum ssp. lanatum (incl. C. arcticum) / A / x / x / x / x / x
Chamaenerion latifolium / A / x / x / x / x / x
Oxyria digyna / A / x / x / x / x / x
Polygonum viviparum / A / x / x / x / x / x
Saxifraga caespitosa (S. decipiens) / A / x / x / x / x / x
Saxifraga cernua / A / x / x / x / x
Saxifraga oppositifolia / A / x / x / x / x / x
Silene acaulis / A / x / x / x / x / x
Cystopteris fragilis / A / x / x / x / x / x
Huperzia selago ssp. arctica (Lycopodium selago) / A / x / x / x / x / x
Carex saxatilis (C. rotundata) / A / x / x / x / x
Phippsia algida / A / x / x / x / x
Puccinellia phryganodes (Glyceria vilfoidea) / A / x / x / x / x
Cardamine bellidifolia / A / x / x / x / x / x
Cochlearia groenlandica (C. officinalis) / A / x / x / x / x
Draba nivalis / A / x / x
Koenigia islandica / A / x / x / x / x / x
Sagina intermedia (S. nivalis) / A / x / x
Ranunculus hyperboreus / A / x / x / x / x
Saxifraga nivalis / A / x / x / x / x
Saxifraga rivularis incl. hyperborea / A / x / x / x
Stellaria humifusa / A / x / x / x / x
Festuca brachyphylla/vivipara (F. ovina) / X / x / x / x / x / x
Draba spec. / X / x
Introductions / 13
Brassica campestris / In / x / x
Malva neglecta / In / x
Plantago major / In / x / x
Hordeum vulgare (H. hexastigum) / In / x / x / x
Pisum sativum / In / x / x / x
Sinapis arvensis / In / x / x / x
Polygonum aviculare / In / x / x
Achillea millefolium / In / x
Stellaria media / In / x
Poa annua / In / x
Galium verum / Re / x
Silene vulgaris / Re / x
Veronica officinalis / Re / x
Number of introductions / 6 / 1 / 3 / 9 / 3
96 species in vegetation sample plots in Daniёls et al. 2011 in AVS 14: 230-241

Supplementary Table 2Selected species that are increasing or decreasing in 110 vegetation plots from Tasiilaq based on the sampling periods 1968/1969 and 2007. Column 1, biological distribution types in Greenland: A widely distributed arctic, MA middle arctic, L low arctic, LO low arctic oceanic, B boreal, BO boreal oceanic, BS boreal sylvicolous; column 2, plant functional types: gr grass, ru rush, fo forb, cfo cushion forb, cm club moss, pdds prostrate deciduous dwarf shrub, ddss deciduous dwarf shrub/shrub, pds prostrate dwarf shrub, ma macrolichen, mi microlichen, acm acrocarpous moss, pcm pleurocarpous moss, fli foliose liverwort; column 3, hydrotypes: hg hygrophyte, me mesophyte, xe xerophyte; column 4 thermotypes: cr cryophyte, met mesothermophyte, th thermophyte; columns 5 and 6: species occurrences in 1968/1968 (5) and 2007 (6); column 7: percentage increase or decrease (-); column 8: significance of species level change based on presence/absence; column 9 significance of species level change based on coverage. Significance calculated using Fisher’s exact test: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05.

Column / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 / 9
Species
Poa arctica / A / gr / me / met / 19 / 51 / 168 / *** / ***
Trisetum spicatum / A / gr / me-xe / cr-th / 8 / 28 / 250 / *** / *
Silene acaulis / A / cfo / xe / cr / 3 / 10 / 233 / *
Veronica fruticans / LO / Fo / xe / th / 1 / 7 / 600 / *
Luzula confusa / LO / Ru / hg-xe / cr-met / 2 / 9 / 350 / *
Hieracium alpinum / LO / Fo / me-xe / met-th / 14 / 31 / 121 / **
Hieracium hyparcticum / BS / Fo / me / th / 0 / 5 / 500 / *
Agrostis hyperborea / B / gr / xe / th / 0 / 6 / 600 / *
Polytrichum commune / L / acm / hg-me / cr-th / 1 / 9 / 800 / *
Cladonia chlorophaea / A / ma / me-xe / cr-th / 9 / 28 / 211 / *** / *
Cladonia fimbriata / A / ma / xe-me / met-th / 0 / 5 / 500 / *
Cladonia stricta / MA / ma / hg-xe / cr-th / 2 / 9 / 350 / *
Cladonia ecmocyna / A / ma / hg-xe / cr-th / 32 / 46 / 44 / *
Erigeron eriocephalus / MA / Fo / me-xe / th / 1 / 6 / 500
Sedum annuum / LO / Fo / xe / th / 1 / 5 / 400
Euphrasia frigida / L / Fo / xe / th / 3 / 9 / 200
Salix glauca ssp. callicarpaea / L / ddss / hg-xe / met-th / 26 / 38 / 46
Poa alpina / LO / gr / hg-me / met-th / 20 / 29 / 45
Pyrola minor / BS / Fo / hg-me / th / 12 / 22 / 83
Thymus praecox ssp. arcticus / BO / pdds / xe / th / 15 / 24 / 60
Polytrichum hyperboreum / A / acm / me-xe / cr / 1 / 5 / 400
Racomitrium lanuginosum / A / acm / me-hg / cr-met / 10 / 19 / 90
Bryum elegans / A / acm / xe / th / 9 / 17 / 89
Peltigera canina / A / ma / me-xe / met / 6 / 13 / 117
Peltigera scabrosa (incl. scabrosella) / A / ma / hg-xe / met / 9 / 17 / 89
Cladonia phyllophora / A / ma / xe / met-th / 13 / 21 / 54
Cephaloziella spec. / A / fli / 13 / 3 / -77 / **
Plagiothecium denticulatum / L / pcm / hg-me / cr-th / 6 / 0 / -600 / *
Cladonia carneola / A / ma / xe / cr-met / 7 / 0 / -700 / **
Gentiana nivalis / LO / Fo / hg-me / met-th / 5 / 1 / -80
Loiseleuria procumbens / LO / pds / xe / cr / 10 / 5 / -50
Coptis trifolia / BS / Fo / hg-me / th / 10 / 5 / -50
Veronica alpina / B / Fo / hg / th / 11 / 4 / -45
Syntrichia ruralis / A / acm / xe / met-th / 9 / 3 / -67
Dicranum elongatum / A / acm / me-xe / cr-th / 8 / 2 / -75

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Supplementary Table 3 Vegetation analyses from Subulariadammen. Ref. no. 1, 2 and 9, 10, 11: Callitricho-Subularietum aquaticae; ref. no 3, 4: Ranunculo-Alopecuretum aequalis; ref. no. 5, 6 and 12, 13: Subulario-Juncetum subtilis; ref. no. 7 and 14: Eriophoretum scheuchzeri; ref. no. 8 and 15: Caricetum saxatilis; ref. no. 16, 17: Hippuridetum vulgaris; ref. no. 18: unidentified. The cover scale of species follows a modified Hult-Sernander-Du Rietz scale (Du Rietz 1921; Daniёls et al. 2011)

Date / 1969.09.01 / 2007.07.30
Reference number / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 / 9 / 10 / 11 / 12 / 13 / 14 / 15 / 16 / 17 / 18
Cover % vegetation / <5 / <5 / 20 / 10 / 15 / 50 / 100 / 70 / 10 / <5 / 15 / 10 / 15 / 100 / 80 / 75 / 20 / 60
Cover % herb layer / <5 / <5 / 20 / 10 / 15 / 20 / 50 / 70 / 10 / <5 / 15 / 10 / 10 / 50 / 80 / 15 / 15 / 12.5
Cover % moss layer / <1 / 0 / <1 / <1 / 1 / 40 / 90 / ~0 / <1 / 0 / <1 / <1 / 15 / 90 / <1 / 65 / 10 / 50
Cover % litter layer / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 15 / 15 / 0 / 0 / 0 / ~0 / <1 / 15 / 10 / 0 / 0 / 2,5
Cover % open soil / ~100 / ~100 / 90 / 95 / 95 / 55 / <5 / ~0 / ~100 / ~100 / ~100 / 95 / 80 / <5 / ~0 / 30 / 80 / 45
Max.depth water (cm) / 36 / 36 / 29 / 26 / 26 / 20 / - / 16 / <0 / <0 / <0 / <0 / <0 / <0 / <0 / <0 / <0 / <0
Subularia aquatica / 1 / 1 / + / + / + / + / 2 / 1 / 3- / + / + / + / +
Alopecurus aequalis / 3 / 1 / + / +
Juncus subtilis / + / 2 / 3 / 3 / 2 / 2 / +
Eriophorum scheuchzeri / + / 4/5 / + / + / 4/5 / +
Carex saxatlis / 5 / + / 5
Hippuris vulgaris / 3 / 3
Viola palustris / + / 2/3
Callitriche palustris / + / + / + / + / + / +
Galium brandegei / + / +
Drepanocladus exannulatus / + / + / + / + / 4 / 6 / + / + / + / 3 / 6 / 5 / 2
Polytrichum commune / + / 1 / +
Pohlia bulbifera / + / 3
Polytrichum juniperinum / 2
Bryum spec. / 3
Liverwort (cf. Nardia) / 2
Liverwort (cf. Cephaloziella) / +

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