Leuzinger et al. 04.04.2014
Supplementary Table 1. Morphological features that characterize the analyzed species. Characters that allow a clear discrimination of groups or species are indicated in bold
group / species / stems/root / leaves / Calix / Internodes below inflorescence / Inflorescence / FlowersParadoxa group
Petal lobes divided to 1/3 / paradoxa / 30-80 cm / linear obovate, narrow (3-10 mm), glabrous (except margins and median vein) / long (20-26 mm) glandular pubescent / numerous (7-15) / lax / white to slightly pinkish
fruticosa / 15-40 cm / woody base / elliptic, glabrous (except margins) / long (18-25 mm), glandular pubescent / numerous (5-15) / contracted / pinkish
aristidis / 15-40 cm / woody base / obovate, glabrous (including margins and veins), / long (19-22 mm), glandular pubescent / numerous (10-15) / contracted / white
Italica group
Petal lobes divided to 1/2 / italica / 30 -70 cm / elliptic, hairy / medium 15-19 mm, hairy, glandular or not / few (3-6) / lax / white to pinkish
mellifera / 30-70 cm / elliptic, hairy / short (9-13 mm), glabrous to loosely hairy,
rarely glandular / few (4-7) / lax / white to greenish
fernandezii / 25- 60 cm / elliptic, narrow (3-7 mm), hairy / medium (15-19 mm), loosely hairy, glandular / medium (6-8) / lax / white
patula / 20-70 cm / elliptic, hairy / variable (12-23 mm), loosely and shortly hairy / few (3-5) / lax / white
damboldtiana / 25-40 cm / elliptic, hairy / medium (15-18 mm), hairy, glandular / few (3-5) / lax / whitish to slightly pinkish
mollissima / 20-50 cm / woody base / elliptic, densely hairy / long (18-22 mm), densely hairy, glandular / few (4-6) densely hairy (0.4-0.6mm) / contracted / white
Nutans - viridiflora gr.
Petal lobes divided to 3/4 / nutans / 20-60 cm / elliptic, hairy / short (8-11 mm), hairy glandular / few (2-5) / lax / whitish to pinkish or greenish
viridiflora / 40-120 cm / elliptic, loosely hairy / medium (15-18 mm), hairy glandular / medium (4-8) / lax / greenish
1
Leuzinger et al. 16.05.2014
Supplementary Table 2. Origin and collectors of the herbarium specimens with haplotypes for the two chloroplast loci trnH-psbA (HA) and trnS-trnG (SG); and ITS variants for the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS). H=herbarium; F=failed; N=latitude; E, W=longitude (east, west).
Species / Specimen / H / nb / Collector / Year / Country / Region / N / E / W / HA / SG / ITSaristidis / Sar1 / G / 15979 / A. Dubuis / 1975 / Algeria / Tizi Ouzou / 36.60 / 3.58 / - / A36 / B21 / I34I34
Sar2 / G / 514 / D. Jeanmonod / 1981 / Algeria / Constantine / 36.66 / 6.28 / - / A37 / B22 / I36I39
Sar3 / G / 317 / D. Jeanmonod / 1981 / Algeria / Tizi Ouzou / 36.60 / 3.58 / - / A36 / B21 / I37I37
Sar4 / G / 515 / D. Jeanmonod / 1981 / Algeria / Constantine / 36.66 / 6.28 / - / A37 / F / F
Sar5 / G / 513 / D. Jeanmonod / 1981 / Algeria / Constantine / 36.66 / 6.28 / - / A37 / B22 / I36I36
Sar6 / G / 512 / D. Jeanmonod / 1981 / Algeria / Constantine / 36.66 / 6.28 / - / F / F / I36I36
Sar7 / G / 316 / D. Jeanmonod / 1981 / Algeria / Tizi Ouzou / 36.60 / 3.58 / - / A36 / B21 / I34I38
Sar8 / G / 313 / D. Jeanmonod / 1981 / Algeria / Tizi Ouzou / 36.60 / 3.58 / - / A36 / B21 / I37I37
Sar9 / G / 311 / D. Jeanmonod / 1981 / Algeria / Tizi Ouzou / 36.60 / 3.58 / - / A36 / B21 / I34I38
Sar10 / G / 318 / D. Jeanmonod / 1981 / Algeria / Tizi Ouzou / 36.60 / 3.58 / - / A36 / B23 / I34I34
Sar11 / G / 865 / A. Dubuis & L. Faurel / 1948 / Algeria / Tizi Ouzou / - / - / - / F / F / F
Sar12 / G / 315 / D. Jeanmonod / 1981 / Algeria / Tizi Ouzou / 36.60 / 3.58 / - / A36 / B21 / I34I34
fruticosa / Sfr1 / G / 9788 / Kit Tan & G. Vold / 1991 / Greece / Laconia / 36.45 / 22.47 / - / A35 / B24 / I40I41
Sfr2 / G / 1377 / G. Alziar & al.1 / 1991 / Cyprus / Greek part / 34.96 / 32.40 / - / A35 / B24 / I40I40
Sfr3 / G / 6134 / E. Stamatiadou / 1969 / Greece / Karpathos / 35.48 / 27.11 / - / A35 / B24 / I40I40
Sfr4 / G / 1825 / D. Phitos / 1964 / Greece / Messenia / 36.86 / 21.68 / - / A35 / B24 / I40I40
Sfr5 / G / 381 / L. F. J. Leresche / 1844 / Italy / Sicily / 38.04 / 12.59 / - / A35 / B25 / I43I44
Sfr6 / G / 441 / M. Lojacono / 1881 / Italy / Sicily / - / - / - / F / F / F
Sfr7 / G / 753 / C. I. Forsyth Major / 1886 / Greece / Kassos / - / - / - / F / F / F
Sfr8 / G / 11878 / Kit Tan & G. Vold / 1992 / Greece / Laconia / 36.62 / 22.38 / - / A35 / B24 / I40I42
Sfr9 / G / 11629 / Kit Tan & G. Vold / 1992 / Greece / Laconia / 36.45 / 22.47 / - / A35 / B24 / I41I41
Sfr10 / G / 11684 / Kit Tan & G. Vold / 1992 / Greece / Laconia / 36.52 / 22.38 / - / A35 / B24 / I40I40
Sfr11 / G / 26774 / A. Charpin / 2002 / Cyprus / Greek part / 34.96 / 32.37 / - / A35 / B24 / I40I40
Sfr12 / G / 246 / C. I. Forsyth Major / 1886 / Greece / Karpathos / - / - / - / F / F / F
Sfr13 / G / 279 / M. Haradjian / 1912 / Cyprus / Turkish part / - / - / - / F / F / F
Sfr14 / G / 666 / M. Haradjian / 1913 / Cyprus / Greek part / 34.87 / 32.80 / - / A35 / F / F
paradoxa / Spa1 / G / 198 / H. Teppner, P. Brenner & G. Straka / 1977 / Macedonia / Debar / - / - / - / F / F / F
Spa2 / G / 3713 / D.Jeanmonod & C. Zellweger / 1986 / France / Corsica / 42.48 / 9.18 / - / A38 / B26 / I45I45
Spa3 / G / 2811 / D. Aeschimann / 1981 / France / Drôme / 44.69 / 5.52 / - / A38 / B26 / I45I45
Spa4 / G / 7207 / Kit Tan & G. Vold / 1989 / Greece / Grevena / 40.07 / 21.02 / - / A38 / B27 / I45I45
Spa5 / ZT / 80/1395 / M. Baltisberger & A. Lenherr / 1980 / Serbia / Zlatibor / 43.60 / 19.38 / - / A38 / B31 / I45I46
Spa6 / ZT / 82/1173 / M. Baltisberger & A. Lenherr / 1982 / Albania / Kolonje / 40.48 / 20.68 / - / A38 / F / I45I45
1 P. Ewald, A. Aparicio, M.A. Carrasco, D. Jeanmonod, C. Roux, D. Tzanoudakis, M. Velayos, L. Falciani, A. Gambino, T. Hedderson, R. Vogt, P. Chrissodhoulou
Supplementary Table 2 continued
paradoxa / Spa7 / G / 47455 / A. Strid & Kit Tan / 1998 / Greece / Pella / 41.12 / 22.22 / - / A38 / B31 / I45I45
Spa8 / G / 40771 / A. Strid / 1996 / Greece / Ioannina / 40.04 / 21.03 / - / A38 / B31 / I45I45
Spa9 / G / 10078 / J. Gamisans / 1982 / France / Corsica / 42.43 / 9.00 / - / A38 / B26 / I50I52
Spa10 / G / J5247 / D. Jeanmonod / 1990 / France / Corsica / 42.38 / 9.25 / - / A38 / B26 / I45I49
Spa11 / G / 14670 / J. Gamisans / 1990 / France / Corsica / 42.53 / 9.30 / - / A38 / B26 / I45I49
Spa12 / G / 33922 / A. Strid / 1992 / Greece / Fokida / 38.68 / 22.33 / - / A38 / B27 / I45I45
Spa13 / G / 55294 / A. Strid & Vassiliades / 2004 / Greece / Ioannina / 40.12 / 20.78 / - / A38 / B31 / I45I45
Spa14 / G / 7758 / Kit Tan & G. Vold / 1990 / Greece / Ioannina / 40.04 / 20.91 / - / A38 / B31 / I45I45
Spa15 / G / 15646 / W. Greuter / 1977 / Greece / Kastoria / 40.30 / 20.96 / - / A38 / B28 / I45I45
Spa16 / G / 7210 / Kit Tan & G. Vold / 1989 / Greece / Grevena / 40.07 / 21.02 / - / A38 / B27 / I45I45
Spa17 / G / 7208 / Kit Tan & G. Vold / 1989 / Greece / Grevena / 40.07 / 21.02 / - / A38 / F / I45I47
Spa18§ / G / 402 / K. Papanicolaou / 1979 / Greece / Mount Vermio / 40.60 / 21.97 / - / A38 / B31 / I45I48
Spa19 / G / 14441 / W. Greuter / 1976 / Greece / Ioannina / 40.30 / 20.77 / - / A38 / B31 / I45I45
Spa20 / G / s.n. / K. Maly / 1910 / Bosnia / * / - / - / - / F / F / F
Spa21 / G / 47457 / A. Charpin / 2004 / Serbia / W. Serbia / 43.82 / 19.51 / - / A38 / B31 / I45I45
Spa22 / G / s.n. / J. B. Saint-Lager / 1898 / Croatia / Dalmatia / 43.88 / 15.97 / - / A38 / B32 / I45I45
Spa23§ / G / 197 / J. Poelt / 1978 / Serbia / W. Serbia / 43.83 / 19.55 / - / A38 / F / F
Spa 24 / G / 26109 / D. Podlech & W. Lippert / 1973 / Macedonia / Debar / 41.70 / 20.70 / - / A38 / B28 / F
Spa25 / G / 157 / A. Baldacci / 1900 / Albania / * / 42.44 / 19.55 / - / A38 / B29 / I45I45
Spa26 / G / 559 / Saulses-Larivière / 1901 / France / Drôme / - / - / - / F / F / F
Spa27 / G / s.n. / F. Bractus / 1901 / France / Hautes-Alpes / 44.47 / 6.19 / - / A38 / F / I45I53
Spa28 / G / s.n. / J. Miège / 1976 / France / Isère / - / - / - / F / F / F
Spa29 / G / 35 / L. Girod / 1896 / France / Hautes-Alpes / 44.56 / 6.08 / - / F / F / I50I52
Spa30 / G / 8264 / C. Ricceri / 1976 / Italy / Tuscany / 43.67 / 12.04 / - / A38 / B26 / I45I52
Spa31 / G / 4432 / D. Aeschimann / 1983 / Italy / Abruzzo / 42.42 / 13.50 / - / A38 / B30 / I45I50
Spa32 / G / 4434 / D. Aeschimann / 1983 / Italy / Abruzzo / 42.42 / 13.50 / - / A38 / B30 / I51I54
Spa33 / G / WG15142 / W. Greuter et al.2 / 1977 / Greece / Ioannina / 40.13 / 20.78 / - / A38 / B31 / I45I45
Spa34 / G / 47455 / Strid & Kit Tan / 1998 / Greece / Pella / 41.12 / 22.20 / A38 / B31 / I45I45
* The region could not be obtained from the herbarium specimens, as it is difficult to find out about actual names of localities in Ex-Jugoslavia
§Herbarium specimens are cultivated individuals. The indicated locations are plant (or seed) origins; the indicated date refers to the year of collection of the herbarium specimen (not the seeds). 2 W. Greuter, A. Charpin, L. Bernardi et al.
Supplementary Table 2 continued
italica / DJ43 / G / AC18005 / A. Charpin et al.3 / 1983 / Italy / Sicily / 37.92 / 13.95 / - / A1 / B1 / I56I61
DJ44 / G / AC12078 / A. Charpin et al.4 / 1976 / Italy / Trieste / 45.75 / 13.67 / - / A2 / B2 / I13I69
DJ45 / G / 22875 / D. Podlech / 1972 / France / Maritime Alps / 43.72 / 6.98 / - / A1 / B1 / I62I69
DJ46 / G / 3354b / D. Jeanmonod / 1980 / France / East Pyrenees / 42.52 / 2.22 / - / A1 / B1 / I60I60
DJ48 / G / AC24396 / A. Charpin / 1995 / France / Vaucluse / 44.10 / 5.25 / - / A1 / B1 / I60I62
DJ49 / G / AC22699 / A. Charpin / 1991 / France / Hérault / 43.77 / 3.80 / - / A1 / B1 / F
DJ234 / G / s.n. / M. Nydegger / 1982 / France / Ardêche / 44.30 / 4.57 / - / A1 / B1 / I4I79
DJ235 / G / s.n. / H. Elias / 1909 / Spain / Castille / 42.65 / - / 3.02 / A1 / F / F
DJ236 / G / s.n. / A. Charpin / 1963 / France / Lozère / 44.55 / 3.28 / - / A1 / F / F
DJ237 / G / 16192 / A. Charpin / 1981 / France / B. du Rhône / 43.33 / 5.48 / - / A1 / B1 / I60I60
DJ238 / G / FJ 3358c / D. Jeanmonod / 1980 / France / East Pyrenees / 42.60 / 2.58 / - / A1 / B1 / I60I62
DJ253 / G / s.n. / D. Jeanmonod / 2000 / France / Maritime Alps / 43.70 / 6.85 / - / A1 / B1 / I60I62
DJ254 / G / 25170 / A. Charpin et al. 5 / 1998 / Turkey / Denizli / 37.70 / 28.80 / - / A2 / B2 / I61I61
DJ255 / G / 36240 / A. Strid / 1994 / Greece / Achaea / 38.27 / 21.85 / - / A3 / B2 / I61I67
DJ256 / G / 42170 / A. Strid et al. / 1997 / Greece / Serres / 41.13 / 23.53 / - / A4 / B2 / I13I60
DJ257 / G / 48359 / K. H. Rechinger / 1974 / Iran / Mazandaran / 36.47 / 51.32 / - / A2 / B2 / I61I64
DJ258 / G / s.n. / H. Pabot / 1956 / Syria-Libanon / Qadruous / 35.07 / 36.35 / - / A2 / F / F
DJ259 / G / s.n. / H. Pabot / 1957 / Libanon / Ghosta Dlebta / 34.00 / 35.68 / - / A2 / F / F
DJ371 / G / 48242 / A. Strid et al. / 1999 / Greece / Ioannina / 40.03 / 21.00 / - / A3 / B2 / F
DJ372 / G / 31640 / A. Strid et al. / 1991 / Greece / Rhodope / 41.20 / 25.28 / - / A4 / B2 / I13I61
DJ373 / G / AC 18066 / A. Charpin et al. 3 / 1983 / Italy / Sicily / 37.75 / 14.08 / - / A1 / B1 / I56I56
DJ374 / G / AC 18031 / A. Charpin et al. 3 / 1983 / Italy / Sicily / 37.88 / 14.00 / - / A1 / B1 / I61I69
DJ375 / G / AC 18133 / A. Charpin & D. Jeanmonod / 1983 / Italy / Sicily / 37.85 / 13.41 / - / A1 / B1 / I60I60
DJ376 / G / AC 18093 / A. Charpin et al. 3 / 1983 / Italy / Sicily / 37.87 / 14.13 / - / A1 / B1 / I70I71
DJ377 / G / 8401 / G. Bocquet / 1970 / Italy / La Spezia / 44.25 / 9.40 / - / A1 / B1 / F
DJ378 / G / 9138 / G. Bocquet / 1970 / Italy / Terramo / 42.45 / 13.70 / - / A1 / B3 / I4I56
DJ380 / G / s.n. / A. Cacciato / 1966 / Italy / Roma / 41.82 / 12.80 / - / A1 / F / F
DJ381 / G / s.n. / E. Bayer & J. Grau / 1988 / Italy / Grosseto / 43.13 / 10.98 / - / A1 / B1 / F
DJ382 / G / FJ 3358a / D. Jeanmonod / 1980 / France / East Pyrenees / 42.60 / 2.58 / - / A1 / B1 / I62I68
DJ383 / G / FJ 3359 / D. Jeanmonod / 1980 / France / Drôme / 44.42 / 5.37 / - / A1 / B1 / I56I60
DJ384 / G / 18877 / A. Charpin / 1984 / France / Aude / 43.18 / 3.30 / - / A1 / B1 / F
DJ385 / G / 5767 / P. Geissler / 1972 / France / High-Alps / 44.78 / 6.55 / - / A1 / B1 / I62I63
DJ400 / G / 16195 / Kit Tan & G. Vold / 1991 / Greece / Laconia / 37.06 / 22.46 / - / A3 / B2 / I58I59
3 A. Charpin, M. Diettrich & D. Jeanmonod; 4 A. Charpin, W. Greuter and P. Hainard; 5 A. Charpin, F. Jacquemoud & D. Jeanmonod
Supplementary Table 2 continued
mellifera / DJ230 / G / 44b / D. Jeanmonod / 1979 / Spain / Ciudad Real / 38.47 / - / 4.40 / A9 / B8 / I98I100
DJ504 / G / 66 / D. Jeanmonod / 1979 / Spain / Ciudad Real / 38.48 / - / 4.36 / F / B8 / I98I100
DJ500 / G / 55a / D. Jeanmonod / 1979 / Spain / Ciudad Real / 38.46 / - / 4.07 / F / B7 / I98I100
DJ494 / G / 85 / D. Jeanmonod / 1979 / Spain / Toledo / 39.60 / - / 4.48 / A9 / B7 / I98I98
DJ495 / G / 84 / D. Jeanmonod / 1979 / Spain / Toledo / 39.60 / - / 4.48 / A9 / B7 / I98I100
DJ515 / G / FJ3241c / F. Jacquemoud & D. Jeanmonod / 1980 / Spain / Malaga / 36.54 / - / 4.86 / F / B9 / I99I99
DJ047 / G / AC16074 / D. Jeanmonod / 1979 / Spain / Alicante / 38.69 / 0.16 / - / A9 / B7 / I100I100