Supplementary Material 2 Changes in frequency and percent cover of species recorded in one or more of the 83 1 m2 quadrats sampled over seven snowpatches in 2007 and again in 2013. + denotes endemic to Kosciuszko area. * denotes an exotic species. Com. = which of the three communities is its main habitat (after Costin et al. 2000). T = Tall Alpine Herbfield, S = Short Alpine Herbfield. Early, Middle and Late refer to the timing of snowmelt.

Frequency / Cover 2007 / Cover 2013 / Change in cover
Species / Com. / 2007 / 2013 / Change / Early / Middle / Late / Early / Middle / Late / Early / Middle / Late
Total species/Mean vegetation cover / 44 / 46 / 2
Graminods
Agrostis muelleriana / T / 19 / 30 / +11 / 0.71 / 2.80 / 0.17 / 1.38 / 0.98 / 2.47 / +0.67 / -1.82 / +2.30
Australopyrum velutinum / T / 1 / +1 / 0.01 / +0.01
Carex breviculmis / T / 5 / -5 / 1.65 / 2.67 / -1.65 / -0.77
Carex canescens / T / 1 / +1 / 0.12 / +0.12
Carex cephalotes / S / 13 / 24 / +11 / 0.08 / 3.23 / 0.07 / 0.08 / 2.52 / 0.94 / -0.72 / +0.86
Carex hypandra / 8 / 15 / +7 / 0.01 / 0.27 / 0.35 / 4.00 / 0.26 / +0.33 / +3.73 / +0.26
Deyeuxia crassiuscula / T / 7 / -7 / 0.07 / 0.56 / -0.07 / -0.56
Isolepis subtilissima / S / 4 / -4 / 0.15 / -0.15
Luzula acutifolia+ / S / 17 / 25 / +8 / 3.73 / 5.45 / 0.07 / 0.12 / 2.45 / 0.92 / -3.61 / -3.02 / +0.85
Luzula alpestris / T / 1 / +1 / 0.02 / +0.02
Luzula atrata / 1 / +1 / 0.03 / +0.03
Luzula australasica subsp. dura+ / S / 12 / 6 / -6 / 0.67 / 0.39 / 0.02 / 0.63 / -0.64 / 0.24
Luzula modesta / T / 2 / 3 / +1 / 0.20 / +0.20
Poa costiniana / T / 58 / 60 / +2 / 52.58 / 19.87 / 1.80 / 78.96 / 35.45 / 7.66 / +26.38 / +15.58 / +5.86
Poa fawcettiae / T / 16 / 20 / +4 / 2.81 / 10.40 / 0.30 / 0.77 / 13.83 / 3.91 / -2.04 / +3.43 / +3.61
Poa hiemata / T / 19 / 5 / -14 / 0.19 / 0.67 / 1.32 / 0.27 / 0.20 / -0.19 / -0.40 / -1.11
Rytidosperma nudiflorum / T / 33 / 6 / -27 / 18.85 / 4.80 / 0.56 / 1.88 / 0.37 / -16.96 / -4.80 / -0.19
Trisetum spicatum / T / 2 / 3 / +1 / 0.08 / 0.10 / 0.01 / -0.08 / +0.10 / +0.01
Herbs
Acetosella vulgaris* / T / 11 / 7 / -4 / 0.38 / 0.02 / 0.06 / 0.03 / 0.00 / 0.30 / -0.35 / -0.02 / +0.23
Brachyscome spathulata / T / 2 / 2 / 0 / 0.06 / 0.01 / 0.07 / +0.01 / +0.02
Cardamine robusta / S,T / 3 / 2 / -1 / 0.004 / 0.12 / 0.02 / +0.12 / +0.01
Celmisia costiniana / T / 4 / 5 / +1 / 6.97 / 5.24 / 0.01 / -1.73 / +0.01
Colobanthus affinis / T / 2 / +2 / 0.10 / +0.10
Colobanthus nivicola+ / S,T / 4 / 8 / +4 / 0.01 / 0.05 / 0.001 / 0.50 / -0.01 / +0.45
Cotula alpina / T / 2 / -2 / 0.01 / 0.0003 / -0.01 / -0.0003
Craspedia lamicola / T / 4 / 7 / +3 / 0.04 / 0.06 / 0.46 / 0.02 / +0.02 / +0.46 / +0.02
Craspedia maxgrayi / T / 1 / +1 / 0.003 / +0.003
Epilobium gunnianum / T / 1 / +1 / 0.02 / +0.02
Epilobium tasmanicum / S / 7 / 31 / +24 / 0.06 / 0.30 / 0.04 / 0.91 / 1.20 / -0.02 / +0.61 / +1.20
Erigeron bellidioides / T / 1 / -1 / 0.0008 / -0.0008
Erigeron nitidus / T / 1 / -1 / 0.07 / -0.07
Erigeron setosus+ / S / 2 / 4 / +2 / 0.02 / 0.0003 / 0.002 / 0.04 / 0.01 / -0.02 / +0.07 / +0.01
Euchiton argentifolius / T / 4 / 7 / +3 / 0.06 / 0.03 / 0.06 / 0.03 / 0.01 / -0.002 / -0.0007 / +0.01
Euchiton fordianus / T / 1 / -1 / 0.07 / -0.07
Euphrasia collina subsp. diversicolor / T / 8 / 10 / +2 / 0.29 / 0.35 / 0.13 / 0.04 / +0.06 / +0.13 / +0.04
Ewartia nubigena / T / 5 / 1 / -4 / 0.0004 / 0.03 / 0.04 / 0.07 / -0.0004 / +0.03 / -0.04
Gonocarpus montanus / T / 1 / -1 / 0.01 / -0.01
Helichrysum scorpioides / T / 2 / 2 / 0 / 1.23 / 1.58 / +0.35
Leptorhynchos squamatus / T / 1 / -1 / 0.02 / -0.02
Microseris lanceolata / T / 1 / +1 / 0.03 / +0.03
Neopaxia australasica / S,T / 47 / 35 / -12 / 0.19 / 14.68 / 14.43 / 3.59 / 8.75 / -0.19 / -11.09 / -5.69
Oreomyrrhis eriopoda / T / 6 / 4 / -2 / 0.07 / 0.08 / 0.04 / 0.01 / -0.03 / -0.07
Oreomyrrhis pulvinifica / S,T / 1 / 5 / +4 / 0.54 / +0.54
Plantago glacialis / S / 6 / 4 / -2 / 0.23 / 0.77 / 0.0004 / 0.32 / -0.23 / -0.45
Prasophyllum alpestre / T / 1 / +1 / 0.01 / +0.01
Ranunculus acrophilus+ / 2 / -2 / 0.02 / 0.004 / -0.02 / -0.004
Ranunculus anemoneus+ / T / 4 / 4 / 0 / 0.01 / 0.02 / 0.12 / 0.07 / +0.11 / +0.05
Ranunculus dissectifolius+ / S,T / 1 / -1 / 0.05 / -0.05
Ranunculus niphophilus+ / S,T / 4 / 6 / +2 / 0.87 / 0.50 / 0.06 / +0.37 / +0.06
Senecio gunnii / T / 1 / +1 / 0.02 / +0.02
Senecio pinnatifolius / T / 11 / 13 / +2 / 0.09 / 0.07 / 0.12 / 0.11 / 0.25 / 0.73 / +0.02 / +0.19 / +0.61
Stackhousia pulvinaris / T / 2 / 2 / 0 / 0.23 / 0.44 / +0.21
Viola bentonicifolia / T / 2 / +2 / 0.02 / +0.02
Wahlenbergia ceracea / T / 1 / +1 / 0.004 / +0.004
Pteridophyte
Blechnum penna-marina subsp. alpina / T / 3 / +3 / 0.01 / +0.01
Bryophytes
Lycopodium fastigiatum / T / 7 / 6 / -1 / 1.62 / 0.33 / 0.86 / 0.02 / -0.76 / -0.33
Unknown moss / 58 / 51 / -7 / 4.13 / 9.71 / 11.45 / 1.08 / 10.11 / 11.42 / -3.06 / +0.40 / -0.03

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