Summary Notes & Study Guide for Chapter 10

Name: ______Date: 3/22/12Pd: ___

Summary Notes & Study Guide for Chapter 10

Keep this Copy of notes in your binder!!

Principles of Evolution

10.1 Early Ideas About Evolution

Georgia Standards: SB5.a; SCSh7.c (refer to pg. 298 in the text)

Based on the standards listed above, write a 2-4 sentences summary that describes what tasks or concepts you should be able to complete, explain, or perform at the end of this section ______

______is the process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors.

______proposed the Theory of Evolution by ______.

Because a coyote and a wolf are the same ______they can reproduce and have fertile offspring.

Georges Cuvier observed ______located in different strata of the earth to develop the theory of ______which states that natural disasters such as ______and ______caused species to ______.

James Hutton proposed the theory of ______. How is this theory different from the one Georges Cuvier proposed? ______

______states that the geological processes that form the earth are ______through time.

10.2 Darwin’s Observations

Georgia Standards: SCSh7.b (refer to pg. 302 in the text)

Based on the standard listed above, write a 1-2 sentences summary that describes what tasks or concepts you should be able to complete, explain, or perform at the end of this section.

______

What is the difference in the physical traits of an individual from those of other individuals in the group to which it belongs? ______

Darwin traveled to the ______Islands where he observed differences in species of tortoises and finches. Complete the table below by describing which variations he observed in each.

What contributed to the variations in the tortoises and the finches? ______

An ______allows a an organism to better survive in its environment and can lead to genetic change in a population over time.

Darwin observed fossils and experienced an earthquake during his travels. How did these things influence his thoughts about evolution? ______

10.3Theory of Natural Selection

Georgia Standards: SB5.d (refer to pg. 304 in the text)

Based on the standard listed above, write a 1-2 sentences summary that describes what tasks or concepts you should be able to complete, explain, or perform at the end of this section.

______

What is artificial selection? ______

Name one of example of artificial selection in each of the following organisms/species (you may have to use the internet or other resources):

1. Bird: ______
2. Dog: ______
3. Fruit: ______
4. Vegetable: ______

The ability of traits to be passed down from one generation to the next is called ______.

What acts as the selective agent in artificial selection? ______

What acts as the selective agent in natural selection? ______

Natural selection of characteristics and traits is most influenced by whether or not they give the individual ______over the other individuals in the environment.

Pretend you are a dog breeder. List three traits that are heritable that you would select to make a PERFECT house dog.

1. ______
2. ______
3. ______

Within any ______of species, there will be noticeable variations.

Write a sentence in your own words that summarize each of the four principles of natural selection. (refer to pg. 306)

What does the term fitness mean? ______

Read the sections on pg. 308-309 titled “Changing Environments” and “Adaptations as Compromises”.

Why is the panda’s “thumb” considered an adaptive compromise? ______

10.4Evidence of Evolution

Georgia Standards: SB5.c(refer to pg. 310 in the text)

Based on the standard listed above, write a 1-2 sentences summary that describes what tasks or concepts you should be able to complete, explain, or perform at the end of this section.

______

What four types of evidence did Darwin use to support his argument for evolution?

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1. ______
2. ______
3. ______
4. ______

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Write the answers from #1-4 from above in each of the circles below. Then, read pages 310-313 and provide a summary in the shaded area that describeshow Darwin used each one to support his theory of evolution.

Vocabulary Tip:

Homo- same, like

Ana- proportionate

Study Tip:

Homologous structures share a common origin but may not be adapted for similar functions.

Analogous structures are adapted for similar functions but do not have a common origin.

Homologous Structures

Look at figure 10.11 on page 312

• What similar structures are shared between the human hand, bat wing, and the mole foot?

______

• What different functions are performed by the human hand, the bat wing, and the mole foot?

Human Hand: ______

Bat wing: ______

Mole foot: ______

• What body part of a dolphin is homologous to the structures shown in the figure? ______

Analogous Structures

Look at figure 10.12 on page 313

• What similar function is shared between the bat and insect?

______

• What is different about the bat and the insect?

______

______

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