Subject: The English language.
Medium-termplanning.
Grade: 5
The theme of the lesson: Present perfect.
Aimofthelesson:
1. To revise the past participle forms of irregular verbs from previous lessons, to understand the new grammatical tense and to apply newly learned material in different situations.
- All students will be able to
a) form Present Perfect tense of the verb.
b) know the Past Participle forms of the verbs connected with the lesson.
c)know all the spelling rules of past participles.
d) use sentences in present Perfect tense (in affirmative, negative and question forms).
- Most learners will be able to
a) use this tense correctly.
b) understand the differences between the Past Simple and Present Perfect tenses.
c) make own dialogues
- Some of the learners will be able to
a) express their ideas in which situations Present Perfect is used.
b)give and coherent explanations.
Previous lesson: Irregular verbs.
Plan of the lesson.
1. Organizational moment.
2.Warm up. Students listen and sing together the song of Irregular verbs.
3.Checking up the home task (Students write down the second and the third forms of the given verbs, then they change their papers and check each other’s works, compare them with the right answers given on the blackboard and get marks).
4. A sketch made up by the teacher. There are some pieces of a cup under the table. The teacher is in shock. She says: “Look at here! Oh my god! What is this?” The students come up to the teacher’s table.
- One of them says: It’s your cup.
- Do you see any cup here? I only see the pieces of my cup. Somebody has broken my cup! Who has broken my cup? Why have you broken my cup? How have you broken my cup? (Teacher pronounces the verbs in the sentences emphasizing them with the help of intonation).
- No answer.
- Who has broken my cup? She asks again and smiles. Sorry! It was a joke. I havebrokenmy own cup. I broke it incidentally before the lesson. But I decided to use these pieces for the purpose of explaining the new grammar tense to you. I wanted you to pay attention to the verbs in these sentences. (Teacher hands out the sheets of paper with the dialogue on them. The verbs in these sentences have been underlined.)
Some of the students understand that the formula of this new tense is:the auxiliary verb ‘have” in a present simple form + V3 (and the main verb in apast participle form). (Teacher praises them)
Now, you have already understood that we are going to learn one of the tenses of the verb in the English language. It is present perfect tense. This tense is formed as you have just told with the help of auxiliary verb “have” and the third form of the verbs.
subject / auxiliary verb “have”Present simple formVerb
(past participle form)
And now tell me why we should know the third form of the verbs. (Students answer)
5. We’ll talk about the forms of the sentences in Present Perfect Tense(affirmative, negative and question.) We’ll revise the spelling rules of past participles and pay attention to the correct position of adverbs. Students are given the following sentences. They study them and then say how this tense is used in affirmative, negative and question forms.
Affirmative form:
I (you, we, they) have washed the floor. He (she, it) has drunk a glass of milk.
Negative form:
I (you, we, they) have not been to England. He (she, it) has not eaten anything yet.
Question form:
Have I(you, we, they) cleaned my room? Has she (he, it) sent an e-mail?
Special questions:
Why haven’t you done your homework? What has she just asked? Where have you been?
What (where, why, who, how)+verb “have”+ subject + verb (past participle form).
Now, please, tell me how we form the affirmative, negative and question forms of this tense. (Students answer giving their own examples. The teacher praises them).
6. Students listen to the present perfect examples in songs. They also sing together with the singer.
7. And we’ll explain in which situations to use the present perfect. We’ll discuss the meaning of it and also importantly the differences between the present perfect and with the past simple.
Pay attention to the adverbs which we often use with the present perfect: yet, already, since, ever, ever since, never, still, before, this morning (week, month, year), recently, lately.
5. Now we’ll look at in which cases we use it. Work in groups. Students are divided into four groups.(According to the colored buttons which they took out from the boxgiven by the teacher). Each group is given two cards with sentences. They must read them and find out when present perfect is used. As they have two cards each group write down two rules.
1. a) She has been ill since Monday.
b). I have known him for two years.
c). I haven’t seen them since they left for Moscow.
2.a) I have already done my homework. Now I can go for a walk.
b).How many mushrooms have you gathered?
c).The lecture hasn’t begun yet and the students are talking in the classroom.
3.a) She has taken part in every race so far.
b). My brother has taken part in every Olympiad so far.
c). My sister has visited the doctor so far.
4. a) Have you ever been to England?
b). Have you ever made a birdhouse?
c). I have never seen Niagara Falls.
5. a)That’s the third time he’s won the prize.
b. That’s the fourth time I have been to England.
c.It’s the first time I have been late.
6. a)This is the best film I have ever seen.
b). This the most wonderful girl I have ever met.
c).This is the most delicious food I have ever eaten.
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7.a) I have already cleaned my room.
b). She has already sent him a letter.
c. They have already solved their problems.
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8. a) He has just finished his work.
b). She has just come home.
c).They have just translated the text.
6. Then the students one by one read the sentences and the speaker from each group reads their conclusions. And he or she fixes it on the blackboard.
7. They compare their conclusions with the right ones presented by the teacher.
Use / Examples1 / to talk about states or actions that started in the past and continue to the present. / I’ve lived here for twenty years. She’s been ill since Monday.
2 / when we can see the result of a past action in the present. / Look! You have made a terrible mess in the living room..
3 / to talk about repeated actions in the past which continue in the present. / She has taken part in every race so far.
4 / to talk about experiences in our life. / Have you ever been to France? I’ve never seen a whale.
5 / to talk about how many times we have done something / That’s the third time he’s won the prize.
6 / with the superlative / This is the best film I have ever seen.
7 / To talk about something that we have just done / I have just answered the questions.
8 / To talk about something that we do before the expecting time. / Let’s go to the cinema! No, I don’t want. I have already seen it.
8. Now I think we are ready tounderstand the differences between Present Perfect and Past Simple.
Let’s compare the following sentences.
There are three main differences
Present Perfect / Past SimpleUnfinished actions that started in the past and continue to the present: My mother has worked at school for 5 years. (It means that She still works there) / Finished actions: She worked at school for 5 years (It means that she no longer works there.
A finished action at an unspecified time with a connection to the present: Be careful! Somebody has broken his window. The pieces of glass are on the floor. / A finished action at a specific time without a connection to the present: Somebody broke his window yesterday. The pieces of glass were on the floor.
We use unfinished time expressions (this week, this month, today) / We use finished time expressions ( yesterday, last month, two days ago)
Remember: we don’t use the present perfect with a finished time expressions!
Example: We don’t say “ I have broken my leg yesterday.” This is wrong. We say: I broke my leg yesterday.
9. Practical work. They do it individually. They have to open brackets putting the verbs in the Present Perfect or Past Simple.
1. She (to live) there two years ago. 2. The rain (to stop) and the sun is shining in the sky again. 3. My brother knows so much because he (to travel) a lot. 4. I just (to get) a letter from my friend. 5. I (not yet to eat) today. 6. He (not to eat anything) for dinner yesterday. 7. I (not to see) her for a long time. 8. You (to play) the piano yesterday? 9. I (to play) the piano today. 10. What you ( to prepare) for today?
After doing the exercise the students check each other’s works. (They compare their answers with the right ones given on the blackboard). They give the reasons. They explain why they have used the present perfect or Past Simple. The teacher passes by all the pairs and listens attentively to their answers.
10. Saying more about imaginative cases. For example: s\he had a cleaning house, doing different jobs. They say to their mother about them:
Mum, I have washed the dishes. I have dusted the furniture. I have fed our dog. And etc.
11. Students play a game to practice the Present perfect. They are introduced 10pictures with the sentences, but Past participles are absent in them. They write down the ten missing past participles. Example:
Have you ever…… the guitar? (A boy is playing the guitar in the picture). Answer is: played.
12. Work in pair: Making a dialogue.
13. Now it is time to answer the questions which will help us analyze what you have learned from the lesson.
The teacher asks questions and the class answer.
Questions:
1. What is the present perfect? (It is in fact a past tense. It describes an event in the past, but it does not describe exactly when it happened.
1. Does the auxiliary verb “have” change into “has” in the third person singular or not?
2. How will be the contracted form (affirmative)?
3. How will be the negative contracted form?
4. How is the question form used?
5. “A past action with an effect in the present.” What does it mean?
6. Non – Continuous Verbs – What does it mean?
7. When do we use The Present Perfect?
8. What are differences between the past Simple and the present Perfect?
14. Home task: Grammar reference. Present Perfect.
15. Students do some private analyze. Cards for self – reflection are handed out them. They answer the questions and do their own conclusions if theyachieve the aim and the tasks of the lesson. (Strategy “five fingers”).
a) What have you learned?
b) What have you done?
c) Was everything understandable for you?
d) What was difficult for you?
e) How do you feel yourself at the end of the lesson?
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