Study Guide for CH. 6 Test

  1. Difference between light microscopes and electron: purpose and magnification
  1. Hooke and Leeuwenhoek: what did they do?
  1. Structures and function of the plasma membrane
  1. Diffusion and osmosis: what are they and how do particles/water move across a selectively permeable membrane. At equilibrium?
  1. How does a cell respond being placed in a hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic solution
  1. All vocabulary #1-37 (see your vocabulary- DO NOT REWRITE)
  1. Cell parts: identify where at in the cell (what they look like) and the function of each part
  2. Golgi, lysosome, endoplasmic reticulum (2 kinds), mitochondria, chloroplast, ribosome, nucleus, microfilaments, plasma membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, vacuole,
  1. Which parts are found only in plant cells
  1. Path of protein production in the cell
  1. Difference between passive transport, facilitated diffusion, and active transport
  1. Compare and contrast the eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell
  1. Explain the 3 parts of the cell theory and why is it important to biology.

Study Guide for CH. 6 Test - ANSWERS

  1. Difference between light microscopes and electron: purpose and magnification

Light- magnifies about 1000X, needs light as source, specimen can be alive or preserved.

Electron (TEM and SEM)- magnifies about 1,000,000X, needs electrons, specimens need to be preserved. Scanning looks at surface, Transmission looks inside.

  1. Hooke and Leeuwenhoek: what did they do?

Hooke- Named cells, looked at cork, developed microscope

Leeunwenhoek- developed microscope, looked at microscopic animals.

  1. Structures and function of the plasma membrane

Hydrophilic heads – water loving and Hydrophobic tails- water fearing; Made of a phospholipid bilayer. Allows certain substances through and other need transport proteins (like a bridge) to get across.

  1. Diffusion and osmosis: what are they and how do particles/water move across a selectively permeable membrane. At equilibrium?

Diffusion- movement of solute particles from area of high concentration to area of low concentration. Particles that can fit through the membrane pass through. If they are too big or have a charge they may not pass.

Equilibrium- when the solute particles (like salt) move back and forth at an equal rate. Water also moves back and forth at an equal rate.

  1. How does a cell respond being placed in a hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic solution

Hypertonic: Solute goes towards the cell; Water leaves cell; Cell shrinks

Isotonic: solute and water move back and forth equally; cell maintains shape

Hypotonic: solute leaves the cell; water moves into the cell; cell swells

  1. All vocabulary #1-37 (see your vocabulary- DO NOT REWRITE)
  1. Cell parts: identify where at in the cell (what they look like) and the function of each part
  2. Golgi, lysosome, endoplasmic reticulum (2 kinds), mitochondria, chloroplast, ribosome, nucleus, microfilaments, plasma membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, vacuole,

Golgi- processing center like UPS of Fed-ex

ER- assembly line; rough has ribosomes and makes proteins; smooth makes lipids

Mitochondria- electric powerplant; cell respiration by making energy molecule of cell, ATP; in both plants and animals

Chloroplast- bakery; photosynthesis in plants; makes glucose and oxygen

Ribosomes- factory of cell, makes proteins using DNA Nucleus- city hall; where all information about organism is stored

Microfilaments- skeleton; flexible structure that helps support cell

Plasma membrane- gatekeeper of cells; made of phospholipid bilayer

Cell wall- skin and bones; gives support and protection to plant cells

Cytoplasm- cell liquid inside the cell Cytoskeleton- give support to hold cell up

Vacuole- membrane sac that serve as warehouses

b. Which parts are found only in plant cells- chloroplasts, cell wall, central vacuole

  1. Path of protein production in the cell: Rough ER  Golgi  somewhere inside or outside the cell
  2. Difference between passive transport, facilitated diffusion, and active transport

Passive transport- High to low concentration; no energy added

Facilitated diffusion- passive diffusion using a transport protein

Active transport- low to high concentration; energy added

  1. Compare and contrast the eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell: Eukaryote-plant and animals, has nucleus Prokaryote-bacteria have no nucleus
  2. Explain the 3 parts of the cell theory and why is it important to biology.

1. All living things are composed of cells, 2. cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things 3. All cells comes from other cells