Social Studies Gateway Review 2013

Class Structure:

Middle Ages (Chapters 13 and 14)

A. Causes

1. Barbarian ______

2. Fall of ______

B. Results

1. Merchants not able to ______

C. Feudalism

1. ______system

2. People were organized into lords and vassals

3. Investiture – symbolic ceremony

4. Vassals/knights

a. Worked the land

b. Fought for the ______

5. Fief

a. Land given to ______by the ______

D. Manor system

1. ______system

2. Manor –small estate where the community works

3. Inhabitants had duties to perform

a. Took care of land

b. Paid ______

c. Fought for ______

E. Manorial inhabitants

1. Lords – ______

2. Serf – ______

F. Rise of the Church

1. Church remained educated and organized when rest of world was not

2. Monasteries

a. Monks lived by poverty, chastity, & obedience

b. ______wrote system of rules monks followed

3. Christendom

a. Idea of one kingdom under ______

b. Spread by Pope Gregory I and Charlemagne

4. Crusades

a. Original intent to unite Roman & Byzantine churches under Pope Urban II

b. 1st Crusade took ______from Muslims

c. ______Crusade failed to take Odessa

d. 3rd Crusade attempted to re-capture Jerusalem but ______

5. Results of Crusades

a. ______& feudal nobility suffered loss of power

b. Hatred between ______& ______increased

c. Increase in trade sparked European expansion

Japan (Chapter 12, Section 4; Chapter 19, Section 3; Chapter 28, Section 2)

A. Japan – Land of the ______Sun

1. Consists of about 4,000 islands

2. Archipelago

3. Little land for ______– Mountainous

B. Many different ______worshipped their own gods

1. Religion – ______– “the way of the gods”

a. Shinto – Worship forces of nature, ______, and kami

i. Kami – Divine spirits dwelling in ______

C. Yamato Emperors

1. Clan took control of ______on the 400s

D. Japanese Culture

1. Borrow ______ideas and customs through contact with Korea

2. Buddhism spread throughout Japan

a. Mixed with ______practices

E. Life in the Heian Period – Late 700s

1. Capital moved from ______to Heian (modern-day ______)

F. Mid 1000s

1. Large land-owners

a. Build private armies-become warlords

2. Small land-owners

a. Trade land to warlords in exchange for ______

i. This is known as the ______System

G. Samurai Warriors

1. Employed by warlords as bodyguards

2. Lived according to ______

a. Code of behavior

i. “Way of the ______”

H. Kamakura Shogunate

1. Minamoto family wins control – 1100s

2. ______becomes Shogun in 1192

a. Military ______ruling Japan

b. Shogun rules from ______– Emperor stays in Kyoto

I. Japan’s Isolationism

1. Japan had practiced ______for a long time, was basically self-sufficient

2. U.S. Commodore ______entered Tokyo Harbor with a large fleet

J. Japanese generals gave into Perry’s demands and allowed ______

1. Treaty of Kanagawa

K. Japan’s Modernization

1. Japan feared domination by ______unless changes were made

2. Japan began to ______and modernize

a. Japan studied ways of Westerners and adopted best ones

i. Meiji Era

(a) Admired ______strong central government

(b) Modeled Japanese army after ______

a. Japanese industry such as ______competed with the West

b. Traditional Japanese industry such as ______and ______gave Japan unique products to trade.

(d) Japan becomes an ______power

(i) Fights against ______in the Russo-Japanese War

Revolutions:

Dates of Political Revolution

1. French Revolution – 1789 – 1799

2. Napoleons’ rule – 1799 – 1815

3. Latin American Revolution – 1810 – 1826

4. Russian Revolution – 1917

French Revolution (Chapter 23)

A. French Revolution

1. Ruled by Louis XVI and wife ______

2. French class system

a. 1st Estate – ______

b. 2nd Estate – ______

c. 3rd Estate – ______

i. 3rd Estate was the largest and least powerful

4. A new government is formed

a. 3rd Estate broke away from the Estates General - Formed ______

b. Assembly created form new laws and make reforms

5. French Revolution begins

a. 3rd Estate rioted & broke into the ______(7/14/1789)

i. Bastille was a prison in Paris

1. Held guns and supplies

6. Fear Sweeps France

a. Reign of Terror

i. Controlled by ______and Committee of Public Safety

ii. Many people died, most by the ______

1. Including ______and his wife ______

7. A new governing body, The ______, comes to power

B. The New Government

1. Napoleon was a national hero

a. Wanted to conquer the world - led to war with Europe

b. Invaded Russia - was ______and forced to retreat

i. Russians used ______policy

c. Exiled to ______

i. Napoleon’s return is called the ______

e. Napoleon is defeated at ______by the ______and ______

i. Napoleon is exiled to ______where he died

Latin American Revolutions (Chapter 24, Section 1)

A. Spain had colonies in Latin America

1. ______dictated people’s place in society

a. At the top of Spanish-American society were the ______, people who had been ______

i. They were the only people able to hold ______

b. ______were Spaniards born in Latin America

c. Together the ______and ______controlled ______, ______, and ______in the Spanish colonies.

d. Next were the ______, persons of mixed European and ______ancestry.

e. Then came the ______, persons of mixed ______and African ancestry.

f. ______were at the bottom of the social ladder.

2. Haiti is the first European colony to gain its freedom in 1811

a. Haiti was a colony controlled by the ______

b. Revolution led by former slave ______

c. Toussaint’s lieutenant, ______, took up the fight for freedom.

d. It was the first ______colony to free itself of ______control.

3. Mexico

a. Mexico was the first Latin American country to win freedom

b. Rebellion led by Father ______

i. Killed by Spanish

c. In 1820 the ______feared their loss of their privileges.

i. ______proclaimed Mexican independence in 1821.

4. Other Latin American countries sought freedom

a. ______fought for freedom for Venezuela

b. ______fought for Argentina’s freedom

Russian Revolution (Chapter 30, Section 1)

A. In 1881, ______succeeded his father ______.

1. He ______all reform in Russia.

2. He clung to the principles of ______.

a. A form of government ______

b. The following people were labeled dangerous: ______, ______, and ______

3. To wipe out revolutionaries ______used harsh measures.

a. These measures included ______, ______.

4. Political prisoners were sent to ______

5. He made ______the target of persecution

a. A wave of ______- ______, broke out in many parts of Russia.

b. Police watched Russian citizens ______and ______Jewish ______, ______, and ______

B. ______became Czar in 1894

1. He continued the tradition of ______

2. By 1900, Russia had become the world’s ______ranking producer of ______

3. The ______Railway was the world’s ______

a. This was constructed with investors from ______and ______

b. It connected ______

C. Rapid ______caused ______among the people

D. The growth of factories brought new problems such as ______, ______, and ______

E. The ______revolutionaries believed the ______would overthrow the ______

1. The workers would then form “______”

2. This meant that the ______- the workers – would ______

F. in 1903, ______split into ______groups

1. The moderate ______wanted a ______

2. The radical ______supported ______

3. The leader of the Bolsheviks was ______

a. He adopted the name of ______

b. He was an engaging ______and an excellent ______, he was also ______

G. Bloody Sunday

1. ______

2. ______

3. ______

H. World War I

1. ______

2. ______

I. Rasputin

1. A self-described ______, who claimed to have ______

2. Nicholas and Alexandra’s son , ______suffered from ______

3. Rasputin seemed to ______

4. He opposed ______and obtained ______

J. The March Revolution

1. ______

2. ______

3. ______

K. The Bolshevik Revolution

1. ______

2. ______

3. ______

a. Civil War Rages in Russia

______
______
______
Revolutionary leader ______commanded the ______
______

b. Comparing World Revolutions

______
______

L. Lenin Restores Order

1. New Economic Power

a. ______

b. ______

2. Political Reform

a. ______

b. ______

Religious Conflict:

The Reformation (Chapter 17, Sections 3 and 4)

A. Conflict in the ______Church

1. Abuses

a. Simony - ______

b. Indulgences – ______

2. Reasons for reform

a. People begin to see abuses and want higher standards for clergy

3. The ______helped spread the ideas of the Reformation

B. Martin Luther

1. Angered over sale of ______

3. Wrote ______or problems with the Church

a. Salvation by ______alone

b. ______is the only authority for Christian life – not the church

c. ______of all believers

i. Meant that people could communicate directly with ______

4. Ideas were published and spread across Germany

5. Church asked Luther to ______ideas

a. Luther refused & was ______

6. Tried at Diet of ______by Charles V

a. Found guilty

b. Declared a ______& outlaw

7. Ideas took hold & spread across Germany

8. Followers called ______

C. John Calvin – Switzerland

1. Beliefs

a. Everyone is sinful, God can save

b. ______

i. God knows if you will be saved or not

1. Those saved are called “______”

c. Wanted a ______or a government controlled by the Church

d. Followers are known as ______

D. John Knox – Scotland

1. Followed Calvin’s ideas

2. Set up a theocracy

4. Followers known as ______

E. Henry VIII – England

1. Broke with ______Church when pope refused to give him a ______

2. Created Church of ______with himself as head of the new church

F. Counter-Reformation

1. ______response to Reformation

2. Pope Paul III called meeting in Trent

a. Council of Trent decided

i. End sale of ______

ii. Clarify church rules, practices, & beliefs

iii. Set up more education for priests & clergy

iv. Established Jesuits

Founded by ______
Society run like an army
Mission was to win ______back to Catholic Church

Eastern Roman Empire/Byzantine Empire (Chapter 11, Section 1)

A. New center of civilization

1. Capital becomes ______aka Constantinople

2. Controlled trade between ______and ______

B. Politics in Constantinople

1. Emperor was head of ______and ______

2. ______was a strong and important emperor

a. ______Code summarized Roman laws

C. Religion

1. ______were pictures or symbols of Mary, Jesus, and holy figures

a. ______objected to these figures

i. Thought icons led to ______worship

D. Christian Church split in 1054 CE

1. Reasons for split

a. ______priests could not marry, ______priests could

b. ______led church in Rome, ______led the Orthodox Church

c. Churches known as ______& ______

Islam Expands (Chapter 10, Section 2 and Chapter 18)

A. Islam means “______to God”

1. Followers are called ______

B. Mohammed

1. Came to believe in one god, ______

a. Same god worshipped by ______and ______

2. Left Mecca for ______

a. Known as ______(flight)

D. Five Pillars of Islam

1. ______

2. ______

3. ______

4. ______

5. ______

E. Jihads (holy wars)

1. Muslims conquered Spain, Portugal, N. Africa, and Palestine & Fertile Crescent

2. The Muslim holy book, the ______is written in ______

F. Islam split

1. ______

a. Minority group

b. Believe Mohammed’s grandson, Husayn, rightful caliph

2. ______

a. Majority group

b. Orthodox Muslims

The Crusades (Chapter 14, Section 1)

A. Crusades

1. Original intent to unite Roman & Byzantine churches under Pope ______

2. 1st Crusade took ______from Muslims

3. ______Crusade failed to take Odessa

4. In 1187 ______fell to a Kurdish warrior and Muslim leader ______

5. 3rd Crusade attempted to re-capture ______

a. It was led by three of Europe’s most powerful monarchs

i. ______of France

ii. German Emperor ______

iii. The English king ______

b.______remained under Muslim control

c. ______promised that unarmed ______pilgrims could feely visit Jerusalem

B. Results of Crusades

1. ______and feudal nobility suffered loss of power

2. Hatred between ______and ______increased

3. The Crusades led to the growth of ______, ______, and ______in Europe

Dynasties and Empires:

Rome (Chapter 6, Sections 2, 4, and 5)

A. Social Organization

1. Family

2. ______– upper class

3. ______– lower class

B. Government

2. ______was the codified law

3. Citizens’ Assembly was called ______

C. Punic Wars

1. Between Rome and ______

a. 2nd war – Hannibal crossed the ______with elephants

b. 3rd war – ______destroyed Carthage

D. First Triumvirate

1. Formed by ______, ______& ______

2. Caesar ordered to return to ______without army

E. Caesar appointed dictator of Rome

1. Tried to reform government

a. Citizenship given to provinces outside of Italy

b. Senate enlarged to ______men

c. Public ______program started

d. Designed new accurate ______

2. Caesar’s death

a. Result of a conspiracy headed by ______and Caissus

b. Brutus & Caissus thought Caesar’s death would save the Roman ______

F. Christianity introduced

1. Founded by ______

a. Taught by using ______

b. Original 12 followers called ______

2. Christian teachings collided with ______ideas

a. Christians would not worship the ______

i. Worshipped only God and Jesus

b. Consequently Christians were ______by Romans

G. Crisis of the Third Century

1. Economic Problems

a. ______

2. Military problems

a. Soldiers fought for ______not patriotism

3. Political decay

a. Officials were no longer loyal to ______

4. Barbarian invasions

a. Ostrogoths, Visigoths, Franks, Angles, Saxons, Burgandians, Lombards, Vandals

b. Pressure from Huns & invasions from ______tribes

Mongols (Chapter 12, Sections 2 and 3)

A. The Mongols lived on a vast, dry grassland called the ______

B. Mongols were ______- the herded ______animals

1. Asian nomads practically lived on ______following their herds

2. They travelled together in kinship groups called ______

C. Around 1200 a Mongol clan leader named ______sought to unify the Mongols

1. In 1206, he accepted the title ______, or “______” of the Mongols

D. Mongol Conquest

1. Genghis Khan’s first goal was to conquer ______and he invaded the ______Empire in 1211