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sediments, sec5 • sediment management • research aticle
Development and application of a methodology for screening, on the basis of the carcinogenic (H7), toxic for reproduction (H10) and mutagenic (H11) criteria of the latest European legislation, hazardous vs non-hazardous sediments to be disposed of on land
Christophe Mouvet
Received: 14 October 2010 / Accepted: 17Jule 2011
© Springer-Verlag 2011
Responsible editor: Sabine Apitz
C. Mouvet ()
BRGM, Environment and Process Division, Avenue C. Guillemin, BP36009, 45060 Orléans cédex 2, France
e-mail:
Table 1 Organic substances analysed in sediments from the 2007 campaign of the French Surveillance ControlMonitoring Network set up by the Water Agencies in compliance with the European Union Water Framework Directive
1,1 dichloro-2,2 bis (p-chlorophenyl) / Deisopropyl-desethyl-atrazine / Lindane1,1,1-trichloro-2 (o-chlorophenyl) / Deltamethrine / Linuron
1,1,1-trichloro-2,2 bis (p-chlorophenyl) / Desethyl atrazine / Mecoprop
1,1-dichloro-2,2 bis (p-chlorophenyl) / Desethyl terbuthylazine / Metalaxyl M
3 chloropropene / Dibenzo(ah)anthracene / Naphtalene
4-tert octylphenol / Dicamba / Napropamide
Acenaphtene / Dichloroaniline-2,3 / Nicosulfuron
Acenaphtylene / Dichloroaniline-2,4 / 4-para-nonylphenol
Acetochlore / Dichloroaniline-2,5 / Nonylphenols
Aclonifene / Dichloroaniline-2,6 / Norflurazone
Alachlore / Dichloroaniline-3,4 / Octabromodiphenylether
Aldrine / Dichloroaniline-3,5 / Octylphenol
AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid) / Dichlorobenzene-1,2 / Oxadiazon
Anthracene / Dichlorobenzene-1,3 / Oxadixyl
Atrazine / Dichlorobenzene-1,4 / Pendimethaline
Azoxystrobine / Dichloroethane-1,1 / p-(n-octyl) phenol
Benzene / Dichloroethane-1,2 / Pentabromodiphenyl oxyde
Benzo (a) anthracene / Dichloroethene-1,1 / Pentabromodiphenylether
Benzo(a)pyrene / Dichloromethane / Pentachlorobenzene
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene / Dichlorophenol-2,4 / Pentachlorophenol
Benzo(b)fluoranthene / Dichlorprop / Phenanthrene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene / Dichlorvos / Phosphate de tributyle
Bromacil / Dieldrine / Phoxime
Bromoxynil / Diflufenicanil / Polychlorobiphenyl 28
Bromoxynil octanoate / Dimethenamid / Polychlorobiphenyl 52
C10-13-chloroalcanes / Dimethomorphe / Polychlorobiphenyl 77
Carbon tetrachloride / Diuron / Polychlorobiphenyl 101
Chlorfenvinphos / Endosulfan / Polychlorobiphenyl 118
Chloro-4 Methylphenol-3 / Endosulfan alpha / Polychlorobiphenyl 138
Chloroaniline-2 / Endosulfan beta / Polychlorobiphenyl 153
Chloroaniline-3 / endrine / Polychlorobiphenyl 180
Chloroaniline-4 / Epoxiconazole / Procymidone
Chlorobenzene / Ethofumesate / Propyzamide
Chloroform / Ethyl hexyl phthalate / Pyrene
Chlormephos / Ethylbenzene / Pyrimethanil
Chloronitrobenzene-1,2 / Fenitrothion / Rimsulfuron
Chloronitrobenzene-1,3 / Fenoxycarbe / Simazine
Chloronitrobenzene-1,4 / Fludioxonyl / Sulcotrione
Chlorophenol-2 / Fluoranthene / Tebuconazole
Chlorophenol-3 / Fluorene / Tetrachlorethene
Chlorophenol-4 / Fluroxypyr / Tetrachlorobenzene-1,2,4,5
Chloroprene / Glyphosate / Tetrachloroethane-1,1,2,2
Chlorotoluene-2 / Hexachlorobenzene / Tetraconazole
Chlorotoluene-3 / Hexachlorobutadiene / Toluene
Chlorotoluene-4 / Hexachlorocyclohexane alpha / Trichlorethene
Chlorprophame / Hexachlorocyclohexane beta / Trichlorobenzene 1,2,3
Chlorpyrifos ethyl / Hexachlorocyclohexane delta / Trichlorobenzene 1,3,5
Chrysene / Hexachloroethane / Trichlorobenzene-1,2,4
Clomazone / Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene / Trichloroethane-1,1,1
Cyprodinil / Iprodione / Trichloroethane-1,1,2
DDD op' / Isodrine / Trichlorophenol-2,4,5
DDD pp' / Isopropylbenzene / Trichlorophenol-2,4,6
DDE op' / Kresoxim methyl / Triclopyr
DDE pp' / Lambda-cyhalothrine / Trifluraline
DDT op' / Vinyl chloride
DDT pp' / Xylene
Table 2 Literature review on the speciation in sediments of trace elements analysed in routine monitoring programs
Geochemical fractionTrace element
Reference / Exchangeable / carbonates
(%) / Oxyhydroxides Oxides
(%) / Organic matter/ sulfides
(%) / Residual
(%) / Total
(mg kg-1)
As
Blute et al. 2009 / 46 / n. d. / 20 / 13 / n. d. / 12. / < 5 / 70 - 650
Gault et al. 2003 / 8 / 2 / 72 / 18 / n. d. / 107
Azcue & Nriagu 1995 / 3 / 4 / n. d./ 57 / 3 / - / 33 / 680
Maher 1984 / 3.5 / 2 / Σ = 20 / 12 / n. d. / 50 / 17
Haus et al. 2008 / 20 / 2 / 29 / Σ 12 / 50 / 100 - 270
Jay et al. 2005 / 34 / - / 16 / 6 / - / 47 / 4 / 130
Harrington et al. 1998 / Σ = 10 / 6 / 73 / 6 / 11 - 568
Cd
Liu et al. 2008 / 14 / 31 / 27 / Σ = 21,8 / 6 / 1,1
Loska & Wiechula 2002 / 5 / 18 / 11 / 12 / 42 / ? / 23,6
Pardo et al. 1990 / 4 / 14 / 47 / Σ = 23,8 / 13 / 1,1
Martin et al. 1996 / ? / 13 / 18 / 77/ < 1 / 4 / 8,9
Vaithiyanathan et al 1993 / 25 / 28 / 28 / Σ = 15 / 4 / 4,7
O’Day et al. 2000 † / 0 / 100 / ‡ / 244 - 764
Co
Akcay et al. 2003 / ? / 1 - 10 / 41 - 68 / Σ = 19 -23 / 6 -28 / 30 - 40
Baruah et al. 1996 / ? / < 5 / 40 - 50 / Σ 5 / 40 - 50 / 19 -150
Yuan et al. 2004 / Σ 5 - 11 / 5 - 18 / Σ = 5 - 10 / 61 - 90 / 8 -15
Cr
Lam et al. 1997 / 11 / 4 / 39 / Σ =46 / Set as 0 / 35 - 116
Graham et al. 2009 / < 0,4 / 2 -8 / 50 – 61 / Σ = 5 - 16 / 27 - 35 / 68 - 1050
Akcay et al. 2003 / 6 / 13 / 33 – 36 / Σ = 6 – 9 / 38 – 43 / 175 - 212
Fytianos and Lourantou 2004 / 5 / 10 / 20 / Σ =40 / 22 / 20 - 32
Tokalioglu et al. 2000 / Σ < 1 / < 1 / Σ = 43 / 57 / 10
O’Day et al. 2000 / + / + / - / - / ‡ / 244 - 764
Yuan et al. 2004 / Σ < 1 / < 1 / 1 - 5 / 95 - 99 / 88 - 136
Ni
Lam et al. 1997 / 10 / 34 / 19 / Σ = 36 / Set as 0 / 16 - 35
Pardo et al. 1990 / 4 / 16 / 14 / Σ = 54 / 12 / 6 - 85
Akcay et al. 2003 / 0,2 – 6 / 7 - 12 / 20 - 30 / 16 – 22 / 43 -46 / 106 - 315
Baruah et al. 1996 / Σ 5 / 20 - 25 / Σ 5 / 70 - 80 / 18 - 102
Tokalioglu et al. 2000 / 5 / 6 / 5 / Σ = 49 / 37 / 30
Yuan et al. 2004 / Σ < 2 / < 2 / Σ 5 / 81 - 94 / 18 - 42
†Results based on spectroscopic methods
‡: The residual fraction is determined solely on operational basis in chemical sequential extraction; it does not have an equivalent in spectroscopic methods
n. a.: not analysedn. d.: not determined
Bold type: dominant fraction; the sum (Σ) of all fractions may not equal 100 % because our data analysis provides mean values from different samples
Table 2 (cntd.)Literature review on the speciation in sediments of trace elements analysed in routine monitoring programs
Geochemical fractionTrace element
Reference / Exchangeable / carbonates
(%) / Oxyhydroxides Oxides
(%) / Organic matter/ sulfides
(%) / Residual
(%) / Total
(mg kg-1)
Pb
Galvez-Cloutier and Dubé 1998 / 0 / 12 / 31 / Σ = 5 / 49 / 600
Savonina et al. 2006 / Σ = 0 / 31 / Σ = 22 / 32 / 176
O’Day et al. 2000 / - / + / + / - / ‡ / 213 - 1269
Reboreda & Caçador 2007 / Σ 5 % / 7 – 19 / Σ = 50 – 60 / 2 – 20 / 20 - 150
Akcay et al. 2003 / Σ = 1 – 3 / 28 – 40 / Σ = 17 – 20 / 24 -34 / 107 - 149
Tokalioglu et al. 2000 / Σ = 5 / 4 / Σ = 53 / 38 / 18
Baruah et al. 1996 / 0 / < 2 / 40 – 60 / Σ 5 / 30 – 50 / 8 - 32
Mortimer & Rae 2000 / < 5 / 25 / 0 / Σ = 70 / n. a. / 30
Yuan et al. 2004 / Σ 5 / < 5 / Σ = 12 – 66 / 29 - 62 / 20 - 45
Fytianos and Lourantou 2004 / 5/ 30 / 10 - 15 / Σ = 30 / 17 / 13
Zn
O’Day et al. 2000 / + / + / - / 80 / ‡ / 288 -890
Peltier et al. 2005 / + (16?) / + (16?) / - / 60 / ‡ / 427
Panfili et al. 2005 / 10 / 40 / - / 50 / ‡ / 4 700
Akcay et al. 2003 / 0,6 – 0,9 / 6 – 8 / 38 – 49 / Σ = 34 – 45 / 2 – 10 / 143 - 158
Yuan et al. 2004 / Σ 5 / < 5 - 23 / Σ 5 / 73 - 96 / 35 - 125
Tokalioglu et al. 2000 / Σ = 3 / 10 / Σ =60 / 27 / 25 - 56
Isaure et al. 2001 / + / - / + / ‡ / 6 600
†Results based on spectroscopic methods
‡: The residual fraction is determined solely on operational basis in chemical sequential extraction; it does not have an equivalent in spectroscopic methods
n. a.: not analysedn. d.: not determined
Bold type: dominant fraction; the sum (Σ) of all fractions may not equal 100% because the data analysis provides mean values from different samples
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