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B / INQUIRING AND DESIGNING
1-2 / i / state a problem or question to be tested by a scientific investigation
ii / outline a testable hypothesis
iii / outline the variables
iv / design a method, with limited success.
3-4 / i / outline a problem or question to be tested by a scientific investigation
ii / formulate a testable hypothesis using scientific reasoning
iii / outline how to manipulate the variables, and outline how relevant data will be collected
iv / design a safe method in which he or she selects materials and equipment
5-6 / i / describe a problem or question to be tested by a scientific investigation
ii / formulate and explain a testable hypothesis using scientific reasoning
iii / describe how to manipulate the variables, and describe how sufficient, relevant data will be collected
iv / design a complete and safe method in which he or she selects appropriate materials and equipment.
v / state limited improvements or extensions to the method.
7-8 / i / explain a problem or question to be tested by a scientific investigation
ii / formulate and explain a testable hypothesis using correct scientific reasoning
iii / explain how to manipulate the variables, and explain how sufficient, relevant data will be collected
iv / design a logical, complete and safe method in which he or she selects appropriate materials and equipment.
C / PROCESSING AND EVALUATING
1-2 / i / collect and present data in numerical and/or visual forms
ii / interpret data
iii / state the validity of a hypothesis based on the outcome of a scientific investigation
iv / state the validity of the method based on the outcome of a scientific investigation
v / state improvements or extensions to the method.
3-4 / i / correctly collect and present data in numerical and/or visual forms
ii / accurately interpret data and explain results
iii / outline the validity of a hypothesis based on the outcome of a scientific investigation
iv / outline the validity of the method based on the outcome of a scientific investigation
v / outline improvements or extensions to the method that would benefit the scientific investigation
5-6 / i / correctly collect, organize and present data in numerical and/or visual forms
ii / accurately interpret data and explain results using scientific reasoning
iii / discuss the validity of a hypothesis based on the outcome of a scientific investigation
iv / discuss the validity of the method based on the outcome of a scientific investigation
v / describe improvements or extensions to the method that would benefit the scientific investigation.
7-8 / i / correctly collect, organize, transform and present data in numerical and/ or visual forms
ii / accurately interpret data and explain results using correct scientific reasoning
iii / evaluate the validity of a hypothesis based on the outcome of a scientific investigation
iv / evaluate the validity of the method based on the outcome of a scientific investigation
v / explain improvements or extensions to the method that would benefit the scientific investigation.

The Scenario......

Huey, Louie and Dewey are discussing their physics and how it might be useful in real life. They like to take hot drinks outside when they place ice hockey but the drinks are always cold when they have finished playing. So how can they be kept warm for longer?

Huey says the drink loses most heat energy by radiation. Louie says conduction is to blame. Dewey says it's obvious convection causes the heat loss.

So, how can you test who is correct?

Hints

·  Think of how you can MODEL this situation with equipment in the class.

·  You have to think how each VARIABLE affects the experiment – these are the things you can measure and things you can change.

·  The key to the experiment is working out how you can CONTROL each heat transfer method e.g. how do you show conduction is the way heat is lost most by stopping convection and radiation ?

·  And when you control each of these, then make sure it is a FAIR TEST – so you only change one thing at a time.

·  You need to write your own HYPOTHESIS: e.g. ‘I think conduction is the main method of heat transfer because Louie is always right’. But of course make the reason scientific!

You need sufficient DATA to try to make a conclusion. This may mean repeating experiments but you will have a limited time frame so need to plan carefully. You are allowed to compare results with other groups, but they may not be using the same method as you are.

All results must be accurately recorded. Generally the minimum number of data points needed is 5 for each set of data. To get reliable results in this experiment you need 10 to 20 data points.

There may not be a clear conclusion to this experiment; this does not mean it is not valid and gives you more to evaluate.

Remember to evaluate your method and your hypothesis. A suitable improvement or extension is not doing the same thing again in exactly the same way – you have to be more critical than this!

Safety issues:

Be careful with boiling water and dress appropriately if you are outside.

Kasarmintie 4, FIN-90130 OULU