PROJECT ARCH PLUS STOLAC
SIDRAN – BUZALJKO MILLHOUSE, STOLAC
PROJECT OF REHABILITATION AND CURRENT MAINTENANCE
Sarajevo, April 2012
PROJECT ARCH PLUS STOLAC
SIDRAN – BUZALJKO MILLHOUSE, STOLAC
PROJECT OF REHABILITATION AND CURRENT MAINTENANCE
DIRECTOR:
LIDIJA MIĆIĆ, BEng.
MADE BY:
AZER ALIČIĆ, BEng.
AZRA HADŽIĆ, BEng.
Sarajevo, April 2012
Content
1. General documents
2. Narrative part
· Technical description with accompanying technical and photo- documentation
· General and special conditions for execution of works
· Bill of quantities for works
1. NARRATIVE PART
Technical description with accompanying technical and photo- documentation
1. Introduction
General aim of production of project documentation for rehabilitation and current maintenance of 5 (five) millhouses on river Bregava in Stolac is preservation and promotion of cultural heritage of Bosnia and Herzegovina, i.e. heritage as the bridge between communities, where works on rehabilitation of construction heritage in Stolac have as its primary goal renewal and development of the community destroyed by war, with special emphasis on possibility to include millhouses on river Bregava in the process of sustainable economic development in Stolac.
2. Project goals
This project is conceptualized with the aim to improve social and economic situation of Stolac and its inhabitants through possibility of economic development through renewal of cultural heritage. Furthermore, one of the project aims is to raise awareness on value of cultural heritage for sustainable social development.
For this purpose it is possible to make detailed design of rehabilitation and current maintenance for Millhouse on accompanying cadastre lot 1308/1: Sidran – Buzaljko millhouse in Stolac on river Bregava with an aim of rehabilitation of damages on physical structure, to enable millhouse for the new purpose adapted to cultural- historical significance of the object and incorporate it into economic sustainable process of development of municipality Stolac; to provide room for activities related to craftsmanship, business, arts – mostly for cultural tourism. It is necessary to emphasize that preservation of physical structure of the object will also preserve typological examples of craftsmanship-business objects, with multi centurial continuity.
3. Location
Millhouse is constructed on river Bregava, i.e. on artificially made effluent. The architecture is simple, and completely subordinate to economic function of the millhouse. During the war period it suffered damages, and due to its preservation status, uniqueness of the manner of functioning of millhouse wheels and production process, as well as specific micro-atmospheric conditions necessary for its work, it is a subject of project documentation for rehabilitation and works on technical maintenance.
4. Technical description
4.1. Architectural composition
Object millhouse has elongated, irregular rectangle basis, with inclined eastern wall in relation to the northern for 6⁰. External dimensions are 4.93 (4.96) x 16.67 (17.39) m. Entrance to the object, built as a unique interior space, is made on western façade, next to the street. Along internal side of northern wall five mills are places, which are quite damaged due to exposure to atmosphere influences. They were mutually separated by wood constructions- frames that also make a part of construction- functional unit of mills themselves.
Accommodation room for miller is organized in west wing of millhouse where there are also stairs for access to river bed, and on the object walls in the interior there are no recesses, probably because the object has unusually big number of window openings.
Mill wheels are set in motion by the water from the artificial effluent, brought by channels, which are equipped with shutters which are lowered when mill is not operating (input of water to mill is closed). They are set in motion by wooden vessel which is placed in underwater part (closet) above which there is a wheel with buckets moved by impact power of water and wheel turns are transferred by axis (which goes through the millhouse floor) to circular mill stone above which there is a wooden crate (barn or granary) where wheat intended for milling is placed. Through its lower part wheat is seeping and this spill is regulated by grindstone. The wheat falls to lower stone, whose distance from the upper stone is regulated by a plug, which therefore achieves fine grain of flower coming out to wooden crate. These milling devices haven’t significantly changed in the past 300 years, since first description of the millhouse. Lately, the only new thing is usage of ball bearing and iron wheel. Interior of the millhouses still contains mill wheels and wooden crates.
4.2. Construction
Walls. Object is made of cut limestone, while the angles at the wall connection points, as well as window and door openings are technically and aesthetically made of regularly cut stone blocks. Walls are made in limestone mortar.
Roof. Roof is gable roof, roof construction is wooden with a system of simple slope chair jammed in apex with necessary wooden F. Roof cover is stone block which has been mostly replaced by roof tiles in most parts as a temporary protection from precipitations.
4.3. Façades
Object façades are completely simple, without presence of architectural details, so it can be stated that artistic and form expression of the object is subordinate to its primary economic function. Facades are stone wall canvases, open with six windows in south wall and one window opening in north wall. Gable roof has a mild ascent specific for covering by roof stone panel and it follows simple geometry of the entire object. There are no presences of decorative elements of architectural plastics.
5. Pre-existing condition 2012
This millhouse was completely damaged, out of function and overgrown by grass. Remnants of walls are made of local stone in limestone mortar with free connection during brickwork. Roof construction is destroyed and set on fire. At the entrance part of the millhouse there are noticeable unsuccessful attempts of partial reconstruction. Mills are completely destroyed and exposed to negative influence of atmospheric precipitations. Access channels are cleaned, while exit channel from the mill house is covered by falling materials from devastated walls of the millhouse up to 1 m height.
6. Detailed description of level of interventions: Type and quality of construction materials and technologies of rehabilitation works
As this is a specific type of works, construction materials as well as technology of works has to be completely in accordance with cultural –historical value of object, existing materialization, geometry of structures, artistic and design characteristics and construction technology of old Herzegovinian constructors.
7.1. Preparatory works
Within preparatory works it is necessary to close mill dam, stop inflow of water to effluent and by lowering shutters in channels stop inflow of water to channels in order to stop the work of mills. After that, once the river bed is dry, detailed cleaning from vegetation, debris and deposited layers of oil and mud in Bregava effluent is to be conducted under supervision. Cleaning is to be done manually, without usage of chemical products. This item also includes cleaning of lateral walls of intake part of effluent, underwater parts of millhouse (intake channels, underwater millhouse domes and gravitation part downstream from dome), as well as removal of vegetation from object walls according to instructions of conservator, and cleaning of debris from the object. Cleaning is to be done under continuous supervision.
Furthermore, it is necessary to execute careful disassembly of all additionally installed concrete and other inappropriate elements and materials. Debris is to be loaded on trucks and taken to depot.
In the interior of the main millhouse object it is necessary to carefully disassembly rotten wood floor above river bed access. Disassembled material is to be loaded on trucks and taken to depot.
As the millhouse object suffered damages of bricklaying structures, therefore it is necessary to carefully dismantle stone blocks from the wall structures above millhouse floor elevation (stone blocks which are not stable and lost construction connection with healthy parts of walls). The stone is to be marked, cleaned and stored to a dry place and prepare for re-installation. Stone that lost its constructiveness is to be separated and kept for possible use as aggregate for production of stone mortar for bricklaying or filling the walls: use water under pressure from VAP (high pressure water diffuser) to wash all grout from remnants of decomposed material, soil and debris. VAP pressure must not be over 3 bars as preparation for grouting of walls; grouting is to be done by hydraulic limestone mortar with basis of river fine grain fraction (zero). After disassembly, remaining part of internal wall surfaces is cleaned from the layer of plaster milk.
Due to long term exposure to negative influence of atmospheric precipitation, it is necessary to disassemble all wooden construction elements of auxiliary object (bearing pillar with saddle, bearing beams, inter-floor beams, floor planks, roof beams, roof wooden construction; among disassembled materials the ones which can be reused for reinstallation are separated (before disassembly all elements are marked and healthy ones are separated and stored to previously prepared dry place); remaining elements are taken, together with debris, to depot; conservatory cleaning of stone elements of auxiliary object and preparation for grouting.
Larger part of carpentry in object is damaged, and it is necessary to carefully disassemble all doors (internal and external) and windows in millhouse object; wood parapets are not disassembled (except if larger damage is noticed).
Millhouse object was originally covered by stone panel, part of which it is still kept on object, while part of the object was covered by roof tiles for prevention reasons. It is necessary to carefully disassemble millhouse roof from roof tiles and stone panels and lower it to the ground; disassembled material is loaded onto a truck and taken to depot.
In the interior of millhouse object elements of roof construction of recorded which are result of additional interventions, and due to that – and for constructive reasons – it is necessary to disassemble part of wooden roof construction on the millhouse object installed in subsequent interventions and with inadequate materials. All original elements of roof construction are maintained (disassembly is to be performed with strict supervision of project leader); disassembled material is loaded onto truck and taken to depot.
As one of the goals of this project is inclusion of millhouse object into sustainable economic development of Stolac, principle of active protection is to be applied on this object and it is to be enabled in constructive and functional manner for new purposes appropriate for the object but also for earning possibilities.
After completion of preparatory works, rehabilitation works will be executed chronologically.
7.2. Bricklaying works
In order to rehabilitate damages on the stonework structures of stone walls, it is necessary to prepare new stone according to the existing one. Masonry is to be done with 50% of new limestone. New stone used for building of missing parts of the walls has to be from quarry where the stone for construction of millhouse with accompanying objects was taken from, or from the mine where the stone for execution of previous conservatory- restoration works on the objects was taken. If those mines are no longer in use, then the stone used has to match in petrographic and physical and mechanical features the existing stone in preserved wall structures. Size, manner of processing, geometry and especially connection of stones has to match preserved stone in the surrounding wall area. Structure of the newly made wall has to match the original structure.
Rebuilding of wall surfaces where stone blocks were moved is done with stone which is previously carefully disassembled, cleaned, deposited and prepared for reinstallation. Before rebuilding, clean the wall until reaching healthy base of the wall.
For the needs of rehabilitation works on stone walls above level of water, use lime mortar 1:3. Use natural hydrated lime minimally three months old and fine grain, clean and dry river sand. For the needs of strengthening mortar, if necessary, use white cement up to 10% quantity. Strengthened lime mortar use in places of wall crowning and specific constructive contact points of two walls.
Hick-joint pointingthe of walls surfaces which were cleaned from decomposed remains of mortar and debris, or where the mortar is washed out is to be performed as follows: the grouts are to be well cleaned from litter material until reaching healthy base of the wall. After cleaning, the grouts are flushed out and grouted with lime mortar in relation 1:3.
7.3. Carpentry works
Restoration of damaged roof structures on millhouse shall be made so that the roofline and purlins are replaced by manually carpentered fir heartwood to necessary size and rafters made of fir tree logs without bark and all visible damage to the maximum diameter of 12cm.
Parts of the frontal rafters in eaves are left visible. Timber must be dried naturally, with a maximum coefficient of humidity to 12%. Gabled roof, wooden roof structure, a system of simple inclined chair wedged into the ridge with the necessary collar ties of the same tree. Placing of roof battens is done for purposes of covering the roof with stone panels by wooden battens in the range up to 30cm and dimensions 5x8cm. The rafters are mounted on axis in range up to 45cm.
All lintels and lateral surfaces are retained and protected with water based coating against rotting and fungi with environmentally acceptable characteristics. Any possible changes will be made on the spot with the consent of the designer and supervisor.
7.4. Roof- covering works
Roofs are covered by manually cut stone panel, 2-4 cm thick and minimal surface of 60 m2. Roof is covered by a panel which is lubricated with lime mortar in necessary places. Surface of necessary panel is calculated as 1.5x real roof surface. All penetrations through the roof and the joints are made with lead sheet of thickness 1.5 mm with a standard tinsmith work.
The stone for production of roof panels must have no veins, soil or any other material, it has to be of equal thickness and color, arranged in the manner which is suitable to roof geometry. Arrangement of panels on the millhouse should enable natural ventilation of covered space, so that technological process does not endanger health of the users and visitors to the millhouse. The Contractor is obliged to consult with current user of the millhouse.