Safely Usetools That Arerequiredto Perform Theassociated Automotive Activity Plans

SafetyConsiderations

Description

This Activity Plan is designed as one among many through which studentswillrotate insmallgroups.Safetyisextremely important anditissuggestedthatthis be thefirst Activity Plancovered. Each automotive mechanic’s workenvironmentisunique and comes with its owninherentsafetyrisks.

LessonOutcomes

The student willbeableto:

•Safely usetools that arerequiredto perform theassociated automotive Activity Plans

•Distinguishbetweensafety-relatedterms and requirements

•Knowwhendifferent types of safety equipment are requiredfor various automotiveprocedures

Assumptions

The students willhave received:

•A basic understanding of general or generictechnology education shopsafety

•Someshopsafetytheoryfrom theteacher prior topracticallyworkingin an automotiveshopatmosphere

Terminology

Earmuffs:atype of hearing protectionthatis placed over the headand aroundthe ears todampenloud noises.

Faceshield: atypeof facial helmet that protects anoperator’s fullfacialarea.

Earplugs:a setof plugs, one of whichispushed into each ear todampen loudnoises.

Rubber gloves:atypeof handprotectionthat is worntoprotect thehands from harmfulchemicals.

Particlemask: a mask thatis wornaround themouth andnosearea toprotectthe lungs.

PSI:anabbreviationfor poundsper square inch.

Safetyglasses: aspecial typeof glasses worntoprotecttheeyes.

EstimatedTime

60 minutes

RecommendedNumberofStudents

20, basedontheBCTechnology Educators’Best PracticeGuide

Facilities

Automotive shopor atechnologyeducationshop that will accommodatea vehicle

Tools

Pen or pencil

Materials

•Students willneedavehicle inorder todothis safety ActivityPlan. ThefollowingActivityPlanis atypeof lab that the students willdo tostrengthentheirfamiliarity with thevariousspecific hazardsthattheautomotivemechanic can andwillencounter.Inadditionstudentsshould haveaccess to a computer where they canresearch theanswersto thesafetylab.

•ShopSafety (Handout)

•SafetyConsiderationsintheAutomotive Shop (Quiz)

•SafetyTest

Activity

Have students complete theworksheet thatfollows the images onthe next threepages.Encouragestudentstowanderaroundtheshoptohelpfindtheiranswers.Theimagessuppliedinthis Activity Planare designedto accompany discussionabouttheworksheet onceithasbeencompleted.

Figure1—Wearing eye protectionforabrakejob

Figure2—Protectivefaceshield / Figure3—Hearingprotection

Figure4—Anautomotive protective rubberglove / Figure5—Puttingon adust mask
Figure6—Open-toedshoesare unsafe! / Figure7—Vehicleexhaust
Figure8—Radiator fansposeaserioushazard / Figure9—Thermalanalysisofexhaustsystemandmanifold. Hotexhaust canseriously burn you.

Figure10—Never blow compressedair at someoneelse!

Figure11—Carengulfedinflames

EvaluationGuidelines

•The studentscanattain at least90%onthis lab.

•Thestudents can attain atleast90% on theadditional attached safetyquiz.

ShopSafety

Note

Inorderto be allowedintheshopareayoumustpassthesafetytestat a 90% competencyrate(threeincorrect answers or27/30).Any failuresmust berewrittenoutside of class time.

ContactLenses

Be aware ofother studentsevenifyou do not wearcontacts.

1.Ifdirt or acidgetsintheeye,the contact must come outto clean theeye. Ask thestudent ifthey are wearingcontacts ortell the studentif you arewearing them.

2.Whenarcwelding,theflash or sparkisbrightenoughtofuse or weldthe contact totheeyeball.Alwayswear the proper darkeye protection whenarcwelding andwarn otherpeople aroundyouthatyouarewelding.(Itis a naturalinstincttoturntoward a brightlightandsomeone whowears contacts mightdo it unknowingly.)

Batteries

1.Car batteriescontain sulphuric acid and aretherefore highlycorrosiveand explosive.Theacidwilleat throughcar paint, clothes andskin. Wash with waterimmediately. Whencarryingbatteries, use theproper battery carryingstrapto protect your clothing.

2.No smoking,openflame or sparksshould be aroundbatteries.

3.Whenworking onbatteries usethe speciallead pliers to eliminate thechance of spark(leaddoes not conduct electricity).

4.A badbattery can give off adistinctiverotten eggsmell. Neverattempt tojump startabattery inthiscondition.Itislikelytoexplode.

Compressed(Shop)Air

Absolutelynohorseplaywith compressed air.Itisextremelydangerous.Pressureisbetween140–160 psi.

•Thereisenoughpressure toforce airthroughthe skinand into thebloodstream,andasdoctors and intravenousdrug usersknow, airin thebloodstream can cause death.

•Theshopair can alsocreate a siphoning effect where if youarepointingtheairnozzleatsomeoneit can pick updirtoffthe floor andshootitatthem.

•Neverspinbearings on yourfingerswith compressed air.They can seizeupandthen twistyourfingersoff.

•Thepressure isstrongenough to dointernal bodydamage whenplaced up rectal, nasal orear passages.

Creepers

Do notleavecreeperslyingdown on thefloor.Someone could slip on them.Leanthemupagainst the caror hang them back on the wall.

FloorArea

Keep the area cleanand tidy.Pick up anyloosenuts or bolts and wipe up any spills.These cancausetripping and slipping, especiallywhen carrying heavy engine parts.

GreasyandOilyRags

Putanypaper towels or ragsthat are saturated with gas,oilor grease into thespecial redcontainer.Iftheyarethrownintotheregulargarbage,spontaneouscombustionmayoccur.

GasolineandFuelTanks

Gascancombust or igniteat 40° Celsius(avery lowtemperature).Therefore:

1.Allgas tank work must be doneoutside(WCBregulations).

2.NO open or exposedtrouble lights canbeused when working ongastanks or around gas.(Gasis very cold andwillburstthelightbulb,creating a firehazard.)Specialenclosedsafety lightsareokay.

3.Absolutelynoflames,sparks or smokingaroundgasoline.

DrivingInstructions

Only one personshouldgive directions to a studentdriving inor outof the shop.Neverstanddirectly in frontof or behind thecar whileyou are giving directions. There are many recordedaccidents in which people mixed up the clutchand gasand brake pedals or theirfeet slipped.

Brake Dust

Asbestos/cancer concern.Older cars’ brakeswere made withasbestos, which is acancer-causingagent.Trynottobreatheany. NEVER blowbrakedustwiththe compressed air.Itsendsallthedustthroughouttheentireshop,andthenwebreatheinthefine particles. Instead, clean

a brakepartbywashing itdown withwater.

Electricity

Commonsense says that electricity and water do notmix. Be especially aware of this ondayswhenitrains orsnows,aspuddles form when waterdrips offthe car.

•Ifany cords aredamaged or needrepair,telltheteacher so they can be fixed.

Lighters

Plasticbutanelighters(BICstyle)havebeenknowntoexplodewhen a weldingsparkhitsthem.Ifyousmoke, DO NOTbringlightersintotheshop.

FiresandExtinguishers

Thefiretriangleismadeupofheat,fuel,andoxygen.Ifoneoftheseareeliminated,thenthefiregoes out. All extinguishers work on thisprinciple.Therearethreebasic types offires:

1.ClassA fire: burnablesolidslikepaper,cardboard andwood.The silverwaterextinguisherworksgreatforthistypeoffire(bycooling).

2.Class B fire:flammableliquidslikegas,oil,greaseandpaint.Oil/gasandwaterdonotmix,so using a Class A extinguisherwouldspreadthefireandmakeitbigger!TheClass B typeextinguisheruseschemicalfoamtosmotherthefire(removestheoxygen).

3.Class C fire: electrical equipmentfires.Trytoturnoffthesourceof electricity (redsafetybuttonintheshop).Waterandotherliquidextinguishersare a definiteNo!Thistypeoffirerequires carbondioxide or carbontetrachloride extinguishers.

Someextinguishers are combined: A,B and C,orB and C.To usean extinguisher,apply thePASS

method:

•Pull

•Aim

•Squeeze

•Sweep

Always turn ina usedor partly used extinguisher.

Note: Youhaveprior permissiontousea extinguisher ifyou feeltheneedarises.BUT YOUMUSTTELL THE TEACHER so thattheextinguisher can be recharged.Thisisinallcases,even if youdidnot emptied theextinguisher or the gaugestill reads OK. There is a slowleakageof pressureoncethe sealhasbeen broken, making ituseless after afew weeks.

Antifreeze

Thisisanenvironmentalandsafety concern. Usethefollowingprocedureswithantifreeze:

•Placeusedantifreezeinspecialcontainers. Do notpouritdownthedrain or ontothegrass.

•Do notleaveantifreezelyingaroundinopencontainers.Itispoisonousto cats anddogs(theylikethe sweettaste of it).

Radiators

Do notopenradiator caps whenhot.Itisquiteeasytogetthirddegreeburns from them.Youshould be able to keepyourhandcomfortably on theradiatorfor10seconds forittobe considerednothot.Thisisbecause a radiatorworks on theprincipleofpressurizationforitscoolingabilities.

Whenliquidisunder pressure,it increases the liquid’s boilingpoint. Soif theradiator containswater, which normallyboilsat100° Celsius,underpressure itwill stay a liquid even uptotemperatures of 130–140°without boiling. But once you release thepressurebyturningtheradiatorcap, theliquid water turnsinstantly to asuperheated steam. The pressurealso increases because it hasturned intoa gas (gaseslike to take up morespace or volume than aliquid).Soinstead of

a normalradiatorsystemhavingabout15psipressure,it could go ashighas100psi.It becomesvirtually impossibleto closethe radiator caponce ithas been opened.

WheelLugNuts

Make sure that the taperedside of the nut pointsin toward thecar (goestoward the wheel).

ExhaustFumes

Lookoutforyourselfandotherpeople.Thereareover100differentchemicalsthat come outofthetailpipe.InCanada,four come underfederallyregulatedlaw:

•Pb or lead:Leadhasbeenlinkedtomanyhealthhazards,butthisthreathasbeentotallyeliminated bythe advance ofunleaded gasoline.However,leaded gasisstill availableintheUSA.

•HCor hydrocarbons: Thisis raw,unburned gas that goesfrom thegastank, through theengineandoutthetailpipewithoutbeingburned.This oftencausesstingingandirritationtotheeyes.

•CO orcarbonmonoxide: Probablythemostdeadly of all thegases.Whenitenters ourbodies, it tries to roboxygen outof ourbloodstream to makecarbon dioxide(the naturalstuff weexhale).Thus, if exposedlongenough,we become dizzy,unconsciousanddie.

•NOxor nitricoxide:A naturalby-product ofburningfuelthat hasbeen linked to generalhealthhazards.

Thereare twootherfumes thatare causefor concernand willmostlikelybe federallyregulatedinthe upcoming years:

•SOx orsulphuroxide: Thoughttobethecause of turning evergreen treesbrown. Aswell,sulphurposes some generalhealthhazardsforhumans.

•Mgor magnesium: Thissubstitute forleadin unleadedgasoline is thoughttobeconnectedwith several health risks, but little research into its effects hasbeen done.

Withthe exception of HC,most of thesegasesare silent killers. You cannot:

•Tastethem

•Feelthem

•Smellthem

•Seethem

•Hear them

Also, some of these exhaustfumes are heavier than air, so watch out ifyou areunderanothercar in the next bay.Eitherhavethe bay doors openor hookupthe exhausthoseand fansystem.

Name:

SafetyConsiderationsintheAutomotiveShop

1.Listfiveitemsintheshopthat could potentiallypose a risk toyoureyes.

2.Whenwould you need to wear aface shield—and not justsafety glasses—in anautomotive shop?

3.Listthreeplacesintheautomotiveshopwherehearingprotectionwould be required.

4.What isone example of when you should wearprotective rubbergloves in the automotiveshop?

5.What isone example of when lung or breathing protectionshould be worn?

6.Why areopen-toed shoes notallowedin the automotive shop?

7.Giveoneexamplewherelonghair could pose a hazard intheautomotiveshop.

8.Whyisit a safety hazard to run a vehicleinanautomotiveshop?

9.Describe onemajorsafety hazard that can be foundunderthe hood of a vehicle.

10.Listtwoseparateareasin a vehiclewhereyou could getburned.

SafetyTest

TOTAL/30

NameDate

1.Listtwohazards connected with contact lenses.

2.Listone hazard withbatteries.

3.Shopprivilegeswill be suspended if you are caughthorseplaying with the compressedair.

a.True

b.False

4.Which choice best describes a Class A fire?

a.Burnablesolidslike paper and wood

b.Electricaldevices likeelectric motors

c.Burnable metals like magnesium and potassium

d.Burnable liquidslike gasolineand oil

5.Which choice best describes a Class B fire?

a.Burnablesolidslike paper and wood

b.Electricaldevices likeelectric motors

c.Burnable metals like magnesium and potassium

d.Burnable liquidslike gasolineand oil

6.Which choice best describes a Class C fire?

a.Burnablesolidslike paper and wood

b.Electricaldevices likeelectric motors

c.Burnable metals like magnesium and potassium

d.Burnable liquidslike gasolineand oil

7.What should younever do with brake dust?

8.What arethetwodangerousgases that areemittedfrom the exhaustpipe?(Abbreviationsare accepted.)

9.When, where,why and howare exhaust gasesdangerous?

10.Whatshouldyoudo after youuse a fireextinguisher?

11.ItisOKtothrowantifreezedownthesewerdrain.

a.True

b.False

12.What twothings makeahot radiator dangerous?

13.Whendiscussingtheuseoffireextinguishers,whatdoestheacronymPASSstandfor?P

14.Whengivingdriving instructions, whereshould you stand?

a.Infrontofthe car

b.At theback of the car

c.Inthepassengerseat

d.Tothe sideofthecar

15.Listtwosafety rules whenworkingwith fuel tanks.

16.Onwheel lug nuts,whichwaydoes the taper side of the nutgotoward?

17.Butane lighters and welding donotmix.

a.True

b.False

18.Onwheellug nuts, whatmust be done afteryou have tightenedthem?

19.Whereshould greasy and oilyrags go?

20.Whyshouldthe floor be keptcleanandspill-free?