Part A -- Multiple Choice & Short Answer: Circle or give the one BEST answer.(25 points possible)
Chapter 26: Tradition & Change in East Asia
1. After the arrival of the Europeans,
a. the east Asian societies quickly fell under indirect European economic control.
b. the rapid spread of Christianity threatened the very survival of Buddhism.
c. the east Asian societies immediately fell under direct European control.
d. east Asian societies largely controlled their own affairs until the nineteenth century.
2. Which of the following explains the impact of both Hongwu and Yongle on the Ming Dynasty?
a. Both men led lives of corrupt morals and sowed the seeds of rebellion.
b. Both men extended naval operations as far away as east Africa and spent huge sums to do so.
c. Both men distrusted the eunuchs and created laws to stop their inclusion into government agencies.
d. Both men created a more centralized state to prevent challenges to Ming control of China.
3. In an effort to stabilize China internally, the Ming emperors
a. accepted the Yuan traditions that had been in place for a century.
b. stressed Chinese traditions from the era before the Mongol Yuan dynasty.
c. copied the centralizing techniques that had proved so successful in Japan.
d. adopted the methods used by the powerful early modern European states.
4. All of the following are ways in which the Ming Dynasty weakened and eventually fell EXCEPT:
a. Pirates and smugglers operated without challenge and disrupted coastal and interior communities of the Ming.
b. Emperors sometimes ignored government affairs for decades preferring isolation within the Forbidden City.
c. A group of eunuchs, led by Cho Sing, killed the emperor and proclaimed a new dynasty called the Sing.
d. Manchu invaders allied themselves with Ming forces, crushed a rebellion, and took control of the Ming.
5.Which of the following was NOT an action of the Manchus after conquering China?
a. They encouraged intermarriage between Chinese and Manchus.
b. They forbade Chinese from learning the Manchurian language.
c. They forced Chinese men to grow a queue as a sign of submission.
d. They did not allow the Chinese to travel to Manchuria.
6. Which of the following statements about Kangxi IS NOT accurate?
a. Kangxi was an intellectual and a Confucian scholar who read voraciously.
b. Kangxi lived a life dedicated to Christian ideals unconcerned about the outside world.
c. Kangxi extended a vast Qing empire by extending control over central Asia, Mongolia and Tibet.
d. Kangxi patronized educational facilities, looked after the welfare of his people, and made the Qing stable.
7.All of the following are characteristics of the Qing EXCEPT:
a. the ruler was elevated to heavenly status whose activities were carefully choreographed.
b. civil servant examinations based on a Confucian curriculum helped reduce social barriers and strengthen government.
c. increased gender equality was reached as women participate in economic and political affairs.
d. an expanding population was supported by small scale agriculture and produced the most highly commercial economy of the pre-industrialized world.
8.Foreign trade during the Qing dynasty was:
a. carried out exclusively with the Europeans.
b. actively supported by the government and grew much larger than ever before.
c. based on free market principles first made popular by Adam Smith.
d. limited and under tight governmental control which also discouraged commercial ventures.
9. Although Chinese merchants were allowed to gain wealth and engage in small-scale commerce, the principal concern for thegovernment was to preserve the stability of ______.
10.Matteo Ricci was able to strengthen Roman Catholicism in China because:
a. the Emperor embraced the faith and forcefully encouraged all Chinese to do so.
b. the Chinese became dependent on Portuguese technology which created an opening for Ricci.
c. the collapse of Neo-Confucianism led the Chinese to search for new religions like Catholicism.
d. Ricci’s command of Chinese and knowledge of Confucianism combined with skills in math and technology.
11.The name given to the centralized military government created during the Tokugawa era was ______which translates as “tent government.”
12.One of the results of the peace brought by the Tokugawa period was:
a. a tremendous growth in European trade.
b. an even greater political role for the samurai.
c. the tripling of the Japanese population between 1600 and 1850.
d. a reduction in status for the samurai and daimyo.
13.In an effort to prevent European influence from devastating Japan:
a. Tokugawa completely cut off all trade and interactions with foreigners.
b. Tokugawa allowed careful regulation of trade with tight restrictions of foreigners.
c. Tokugawa expanded his contacts with multiple European nations to avoid permanent alliances.
d. Tokugawa built alliances with Korea and China to create a pan-Asian alliance to withstand Europe.
14. The goal of the Native Learning movement in Japan was to:
a. encourage students to immerse themselves in Chinese culture – the point of origin for Japan.
b. scorn Neo-Confucian and Buddhism because they were regarded as inferior to Japanese culture.
c. bring together the cultural traditions of China and Japan as superior to all other cultures.
d. develop a plan to eliminate the influence of Chinese culture within the Tokugawa regime.
15.As a result of the shogun’s edict, Christianity in Japan:
a. ultimately became a secret, underground religion practiced in rural regions.
b. enjoyed unprecedented approval from the shogun and daimyo.
c.led many to migrate from Japan to the Philippines where they were protected by the Spanish.
d.created a strong bridge between the daimyo and European adventurers within Tokugawa’s control.
Matching (5 points possible)
Name / Description- Yongle
- Tokugawa
- Fabian Fucan
- Kangxi
- Quianlong
- The leader who first organized the Manchu tribes into a centralized state was named ______.
Nurhaci
- Chinese tradition held that the emperor was the ______, the human being designated by heavenly powers to maintain order on the earth.
23. The Chinese were hesitant to convert to Christianity because:
a. of Matteo Ricci’s refusal to respect Chinese traditions.
b. by that time Islam had already made important inroads into China.
c. of what had happened to Korea when they converted to Christianity.
d. of Christianity’s exclusivity concerning other beliefs such as Daoism and Buddhism.
- In regard to ruling philosophy and techniques, the Qing
a. followed the same pattern that the Ming had established.
b. borrowed Persian techniques.
c. relied on the Yuan approach but left out the reliance on terror.
d. ignored the Ming approach and instead relied on more familiar Manchurian techniques.
25. According to Confucian philosophy, With the exception of the emperor and his family, the most exalted members of Chinese society was/were the______while ______were seen as social parasites.