Name:______Group: ______

REVIEW UNIT 7.2: Early People and Cultures

Major concepts:Geographic factors influence culture- (food, clothing, shelters, and occupations)

EARLY PEOPLE OF AMERICA(location, lifestyle, groups)

  1. Southwestern Tribes-permanent communities, “Pueblo” – village, mainly farmers (irrigation), grew corn, beans, squash (Apache, Navajo, Pueblo)

2. Northwestern Tribes- looked to sea for food (Alaska to CA), seals, otters, whales, shellfish, salmon, WOOD was important (houses, boats, totems) (Inuit, Chinook, Tlingit, Kwakiutl)

3. Plains Tribes-Farmers (corn, beans, squash, tobacco) hunted buffalo, winters trading in towns, teepees (Cheyenne, Sioux, Apache, Lakota, Comanche)

  1. Northeastern Tribes
  2. Algonquin- women/farmers, men/hunters for deer, bear, turkeys, lived in wigwams
  3. Iroquois- men- hunted, fished (8-10 families live in longhouses)
  4. Great Spirit- Mother Earth
  1. League of Iroquois (Confederacy)-5 groups joined together to avoid war, Great Law of Peace, wrote democratic constitution (women had = rights), sachems

Sample Questions

A. Which situation provides the best evidence that the Iroquois (Haudenosaunee) adapted to their physical environment?

(1) living in longhouses made of wood and bark

(2) speaking a language different from that of their neighbors

(3) developing an alliance with the Algonquins

(4) including women in the governing process

Unit 7.3: EUROPEANS EXPLORE THE AMERICAS

During the 1500s, Europeans began arriving in the Americas and soon established colonies along the Atlantic coast to protect their land claims.

1. Prince Henry the Navigator- developed new lighter ship, sponsored many explorations

2. astrolabe – instrument used to determine position of the sun

3.compass – used to determine direction

4. Columbus – Italian, wanted to sail west to reach Indies, funded by Spain (Isabella and Ferdinand) Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria, 1492 landed in Caribbean (San Salvador) 4 trips total

Columbian Exchange- the global exchange of goods and ideas resulting from the encounter between the people of the Eastern and Western hemispheres (included exchange of maize, tomato, sugar, disease)

5. Magellan – Portuguese sailing for Spain, CIRCUMNAVIGATED THE GLOBE (1519)

6. Balboa- (Spanish), sailed to east of Panama, crossed isthmus, saw Pacific, claimed for Spain (1513)

7. French Explorers (Cartier, Champlain, La Salle) Looking for route to Asia, all sailed along St. Lawrence, mainly fur trading.

(Samuel de Champlain/Quebec

Cartier/Montreal

Robert LaSalle/New Orleans, Louisiana)

8.Henry Hudson- English, across Atlantic up Hudson to Albany (1609), next trip “found” the Hudson Bay in Canada (1610)

9.Peter Stuyvesant-governor of New Netherland- had a fine harbor (Dutch) 1647 ranging from NYC to Albany- Patroons- landowners