Review Sheet: Chapter 3 KEY
Cells Part II
1. Be able to describe the relationship between cellulose and “fiber” in our diet.
Cellulose will not digest but will break down into small bits when you chew it. These small bits are what we call the fiber. It helps to clean out the intestines.
What part of the cell supplies the cellulose?__Cell wall______
2. Describe two differences between cilia and flagella
Cilia: short and hairlike
Flagella: long and whiplike
Know the location of cells in the human body with cilia or a flagellum
Cilia: Men/Women = Respiratory system—filters air
Women only = Oviducts ( Fallopian tubes)—move the egg down tube to uterus
3. Describe two differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryote: No nuclear membrane ( no nucleus) and only ribosomes as organelles
Eukaryotic: Has a nuclear membrane (has a nucleus) and had membrane bound organelles in addition to the ribosomes.
Be able to give an example of prokaryotic organism and two or three eukaryotic
organisms. Prokaryote would be any bacterial cells
Eukaryote would be any animal, plant, protist, or fungi you can name
4. Know the purpose of a cytoskeleton? supports and shapes the cell membrane
Be able to name and describe the two types of fibers that make up the cytoskeleton?
Microtubules which are thin, hollow protein strands
Microfilaments which a solid protein strands…are thinner
5. Concerning RNA, you should know:
What RNA stands for (spelled correctly)RIBONUCLEIC ACID
Which organelle is made of RNA?RIBOSOMES
Where RNA is produced: IN THE NUCLEOLUS
6. Know:
What the term semi-permeable means in reference to the cell membrane.
It means that only some particles may pass through.
What about a particle determines its ability to pass through the membrane.
The particle’s size
What in the cell membrane allows materials to pass in and out of the membrane. Pores
7. Know:
What Chromosomes/Chromatin are made of:DNA and proteins
When Chromosomes are visible when a cell is_dividing
When these strands are invisible within a cell, they are called Chromatin
8. Know the outermost boundary of an animal cell and the outermost boundary of a plant cell.Outermost of animal cell = cell membrane Outermost of plant cell = cell wall
9. Describe/know the purpose of the central vacuole in a plant cell and its role in supporting an entire plant.Designed to hold large amounts of water
Know what happens when water pressure is lost from the plant cell.
When water pressure is lost from a cell, the cell is no longer ridged and cells cannot support the plant. The plant will WILT
10. Know the function/ purposeof each of the following organelles.
a. mitochondria: makes ATP for cell energy
b. ribosomes: produces proteins
c. Golgi bodies-packages and distributes the proteins for the cell
d. Endoplasmic reticulum-
rough: modifies and transports proteins
smooth: release calcium. Detoxifies cells
e. nuclear membrane: controls what enters and leaves nucleus, protects contents of nucleus
f. nucleolus: produces RNA, combines some RNA and proteins to make ribosomes
g. nucleus: controls the cell actions, houses the DNA and the nucleolus
h. lysosomes: digest ( break down, destroy) materials for the cell
i. vacuoles: act as storage chambers
j. chloroplasts: holds the chlorophyll
k. chromatin (chromosomes)strands of DNA combined with protein for stability…provide instruction to the cell on how to make proteins
11. Any structure within a cell which performs a function is called an _organelle
The jelly-like material in a cell which supports these structures is
called cytosol
12. The two parts named in #11 together form the _cytoplasm_ of a cell.
13. The membrane within mitochondria is called CRISTAE. It produces an energy source called ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (can give abbreviation).
14. Solar energy is captured by the chemical CHLOROPHYLL within a cell. This chemical is found in the organelle called the CHLOROPLAST
15. A cell membrane is made of specially modified fat molecules called
PHOSPHOLIPIDS
This molecule is made of TWO parts:
The HEAD (PHOSPHATE GROUP)which is attracted to and turns toward water
and the _FATTY ACID CHAINS (TAILS)which ARE NOT attracted to and turns
away from water.
There are TWO layers of these special molecules making up the cell membrane. ( know how the membrane is put together!!) = CALLED A BILAYER
Be able to label the head and tail ( or polar and nonpolar) areas of the molecule.
( THE HEAD AREA) ( THE TAILS)
*****GLYCEROL IS LOCATED BETWEEN THE HEAD AND THE TAILS—IT HOLD THEM TOGETHER
21. What is nucleoplasm?__THE JELLY-LIKE MATERIAL AND THE SOLID MATERIAL IN THE NUCLEUS OF THE CELL
22 . THERE WILL BE A PICTURE TO LABEL!
A = NUCLEAR MEMBRANE ( ENVELOPE)
B= CHROMATIN ( WILL BE MORE VISIBLE ON TEST!)
C= NUCLEOLUS
D. ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
E. GOLGI APPARATUS ( GOLGI BODY)
F. CELL MEMBRANE
G. CYTOSOL
H. LYSOSOME
I. MITOCHONDRION
J. SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
K. FLAGELLUM