Reference Type: Journal Article
Record Number: 1662
Title: Assessment, Geomorphic Definition and Documentation of Kansas Stream Corridor Reference Reaches
Journal: Federal FY 2001 EPA Wetland Protection Grant Amended Proposal
Label: sediment file
Reference Type: Chart or Table
Record Number: 1702
Title: Status of Work for EPA Region VII
Keywords: Ecoregion 25, 27, 28, 29, 39, 40, 44, 47, and 72
Number of sites completed, Reference Values for Q1.5, Rapid Geomorphic Assessments, Peak Flows and Effective Discharge
Notes: Single sheet of paper with a map on one side and a table on the other side
Reference Type: Generic
Record Number: 1711
Title: Clean sed. proposals; sediment TMDL material; other sediment docs.
Volume: 3 1/2" Floppy Disk
Keywords: proposals, sediment, TMDL
Reference Type: Chart or Table
Record Number: 1738
Title: Water Quality
Keywords: water quality, flow, "clean sediment", "dirty sediment", geomorphology, habitat, biota
Reference Type: Chart or Table
Record Number: 1739
Title: Water Quality
Keywords: water quality, flow, "clean sediment", "dirty sediment", geomorphology, habitat, biota
Notes: copy
Reference Type: Chart or Table
Record Number: 1740
Title: Information on the Kansas, Nebraska, Missouri, and Iowa Sites
Keywords: Site number, concentration coefficient and exponent, load coefficient and exponent, Q1.5, Load @ 1.5 RI, Max sampled Q, Area (mi2 and km2), yield at RI, Ecoregion Level III)
Reference Type: Journal Article
Record Number: 1652
Year: 1976
Title: Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Macrobenthic Stream Diversity
Journal: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada
Volume: 33
Issue: 6
Pages: 1261-1270
Date: June 1976
Label: sediment file
Abstract: The relationship between the characteristics of a stream community and sediments were studied for one year in a small unpolluted river with a morainal substrate. Recognizable faunal assembalages were associated with silt or silt fill, sand or sand fill, and large boulders. The fauna in sediments of mean particle sizes coarser than sand but finer than boulders was characterized by a high variablity due largely to temporal successions of morphologically related species. It was found that the number of species was directly proportional to mean particle size (in theta units) in spring when the sediments were well sorted, but the relationship broke down as sediment interstices filled in. In late fall when the sediments were badly sorted, the number of species is perhaps more related to the sorting coefficient of the sediments. Teh relevence of these findings to studies of pollution is discussed.
Reference Type: Manuscript
Record Number: 1743
Year: 1988
Title: Effects of inorganic sediment loading from MPS pollution on riffle organisms
Date: September-December 1988
Label: Sediment File
Abstract: Inorganic sediments from agricultural fields will be introduced into experimental stream channels to assess the biological effects of sediment load to erosional stream habitats.
Notes: In a brown folder labeled "Sediment Addition Study", there are many sketched diagrams, figures, and copies of articles mixed together.
Reference Type: Journal Article
Record Number: 1685
Year: 1998
Title: Sedimentation of Prairie Wetlands
Journal: Great Plains Research
Volume: 8
Issue: 1
Pages: 97-112
Label: sediment file
Keywords: Sedimentation; Wetlands; Prairies; Silting; Cultivated Lands; Agricultural Runoff; Best Management Practices; Watershed Management; Erosion; Watersheds; Management
Abstract: Many wetlands in the prairie pothole region are embedded within an agricultural landscape where they are subject to varying degrees of siltation. Cultivation of wetland catchment areas has exacerbated soil erosion; wetlands in agricultural fields receive more sediment from upland areas than wetlands in grassland landscapes and hence are subject to premature filling (i.e., they have shorter topographic lives). Associated impacts from increased turbidity, sediment deposition, and increased surface water input likely have impaired natural wetland functions. Although trapping of sediments by wetlands is often cited as a water quality benefit, sediment input from agricultural fields has potential to completely fill wetlands and shorten their effective life-span. Thus, the value placed on wetlands to trap sediments is in conflict with maximizing the effective topographic life of wetlands. Herein, we provide an overview of sedimentation, identify associated impacts on wetlands, and suggest remedial management strategies. We also highlight the need to evaluate the impact of agricultural practices on wetland functions from an interdisciplinary approach to facilitate development of best management practices that benefit both wetland and agricultural interests.
Reference Type: Report
Record Number: 1651
Year: 2000
Title: Effects of Sediment on Fish and Their Habitat
Institution: DFO Pacific Region Habitat Status
Pages: 1-10
Date: January 2000
Label: sediment file
Keywords: effects of sediment on fish and other aquatic organisms
Abstract: This document provides information on the potential effects that sediments may have on fish and their habitat. It is intended for those who require a synopsis of the effects of sediment in aquatic systems, and at the same time it provides information on pertinent guidelines and recommendations designed to protect such waters.
Elevated levels of sediment and turbidity (a measure of the lack of clarity of water) can reduce the biological productivity of aquatic systems. Both these related factors have the potential to decrease plant growth (primary productivity) that may have consequences to secondary productivity (organisms that feed on the plant material) which are, in turn, fed upon by other organisms such as fish.
Examples of the lethal and sublethal effects of sediment on fish and their habitat (such as effects on feeding and growth, cover and risk of predation, avoidance and displacement, cumulative effects, egg development and survival, primary and secondary productivity) and factors such as temperature, particle size and angularity, and duration of exposure, that influence some of these effects, are presented in the report.
Reference Type: Journal Article
Record Number: 1676
Year: 2002
Title: Periphyton growth and nutrient dynamics and their relationship to the proposed Rangiora STP discharge in the Cam River
Pages: i-iii,1-27
Date: February 2002
Label: sediment file
Reference Type: Journal Article
Record Number: 1649
Author: A, Dennis Lemly
Year: 1982
Title: Modification of Benthic Insect Communities in Polluted Streams: Combined Effects of Sedimentation and Nutrient Enrichment
Journal: Hydrobiologia
Volume: 87
Issue: 3
Pages: 229-245
Label: Sediment file
Keywords: pollution effects; sedimentation; nutrient enrichment; species diversity; benthos; nutrients (mineral); aquatic insects; Diptera; Trichoptera; Plecoptera; Ephemeroptera
Abstract: Responses of the benthic insect community of a southern Appalachian trout stream to inorganic sedimentation and nutrient enrichment were monitored over a period of eight months. Entry of pollutants from point sources established differentially polluted zones, allowing an assessment of impacts due to sedimentation alone and in association with elevated nutrient levels. Input of sediment resulted in a significant increase in bed load and decrease of pH at the substrate-water interface (P< 0.05). The zone receiving nutrient runoff from livestock pasture exhibited elevated levels of nitrate and phosphate, but available data indicated such concentrations to be quite low. Species richness, diversity, and total biomass of filter feeding Trichoptera and Diptera, predaceous Plecoptera, and certain Ephemeroptera were significantly reduced in the polluted zones. Inorganic sedimentation, operating through disruption of feeding and filling of interstitial spaces, was considered to be the primary factor affecting filter feeding taxa. Decompositions of compounds associated with materials in the bed load may depress pH and eliminate acid sensitive species of Plecoptera and Ephemeroptera. Such processes of acidification may be particularily important to Appalachian streams since the pH of regional surface waters is characteristically acidic prior to sedimentation.Accumulation of particles on body surfaces and respiratory structures, perhaps as a function of wax and mucous secretion or surface electrical properties, appears to be the major direct effect of inorganic sedimentation on stream insects. Growths of the filamentous bacterium Sphaerotilus natans were also frequently associated with silted individuals in the zone recieving nutrient addition. Distribution of the bacterium suggested that silted substrates, perhaps as related to the presence of iron compounds, are required for colonization in dilute nutrient solutions. The primary effect of Sphaerotilus colonies appears to be augmentation of particle accumulation through net formation by bacterial filaments. Data indicate that inorganic sedimentation and nutrient addition operate synergistically, eliminating a significantly greater number of taxa that exposure to one pollutant alone.
Reference Type: Report
Record Number: 1226
Author: Adamus, Paul; Danielson, Thomas J.; Gonyaw, Alex
Year: 2001
Title: Indicators for monitoring biological integrity of inland, freshwater wetlands: a survey of North American technical literature (1990-2000)
City: Washington, DC
Institution: USEPA
Date: Fall 2001
Report Number: EPA843-R-01
Label: in library
Keywords: microbes, algae, vascular plants, invertebrates, fish, amphibians, birds, enrichment, dissolved oxygen, contamination toxicity, acidification, salinization, sedimentation, turbidity, vegetation removal, thermal alteration, dehydration, inundation, human influence
URL: or
Reference Type: Journal Article
Record Number: 1060
Author: Alexander, James E.; Thorp, James H.; Fell, Ronald D.
Year: 1994
Title: Turbidity and Temperature Effects on Oxygen Consumption in the Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha)
Journal: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
Volume: 51
Pages: 179
Label: CPCB files
Keywords: suspended organic sediment, zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha , turbidity, temperature
Abstract: The effects of acute exposure to suspended inorganic sediment (bentonite clay) on oxygen consumption rate of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) were examined to stimate their maintenance costs for colonizing the Ohio River. Adult D.polymorpha wer acclimated to 10,18,or 26 degrees C for 2 wk (10 replicate groups for each acclimation temeprature and respiration was measure in a closed recirculating system using oxygen electrode probes. Each replicate group of mussels was tested at their acclimation temperature under five turbidity levels: 0 (clear water, 5,20,80 and160 NTU (nephelometric turbidity units). Respiration rates were sifnificantly affected by acclimation temperature (direct relationship) and turbidity (inverse relationship, which leveled off with increasing turbidity). Warmer-acclimated animals showed a more dramatic drop in oxygen consumption with increasing turbidity, and all size-classes were equally affected by turbidity. Our results suggest that the noraml ranges of temperatures and turbidity levels in teh Ohio River may depress growth rate of adult D.polymorpha by increasing maintenance costs but probably will not by themsleves prevent establishment of viable populations in this river.
Notes: Abstract only; Thorp/Delong list of publications on Great Rivers - filed together under #1035
Reference Type: Book
Record Number: 621
Author: APHA; AWWA; WPCF
Year: 1965
Title: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater Including Bottom Sediments and Sludges
City: New York
Publisher: American Public Health Association Inc.
Number of Pages: 769
Edition: 12th
Call Number: Library of Congress catalog number 55-1979
Label: CPCB library
Keywords: water quality, water analysis, polluted water, solutes, radioactivity in water, treatment plant effluents, bottom sediments, sludge
Notes: American Public Health Association
American Water Works Association
Water Pollution Control Federation
Reference Type: Book
Record Number: 1623
Author: APHA; AWWA; WEF
Year: 1998
Title: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater
City: New York
Publisher: American Public Health Association Inc.
Number of Pages: 769
Edition: 20th
ISBN: 0-87553-235-7
Call Number: Library of Congress catalog number 55-1979
Label: CPCB library
Keywords: water quality, water analysis, polluted water, solutes, radioactivity in water, treatment plant effluents, bottom sediments, sludge
Notes: American Public Health Association
American Water Works Association
Water Environment Federation
Reference Type: Report
Record Number: 1760
Author: Arnold, J.G.; Engel, B.A.; Srinivasan, R.
Year: 1993
Title: A Continuous Time, Grid Cell Watershed Model
Institution: ASAE
Pages: 1-13
Date: June 17-19
Label: CPCB Files
Keywords: watershed, input and output files, command rules
Abstract: A spatially distributed watershed model called SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was developed that operates on a daily time step. The model allows considerable flexibility in watershed configuration and discretization. Watersheds can be subdivided into cells and/or subwatersheds. A command structure is used for routing runoff, sediment, nutrients, and pesticides through the watershed. Commands are included for simulating outputs from cells/subwatersheds, routing through channel reaches, routing through reservoirs, and adding outputs. The command structure file can be generated automatically from the drainage patterns. The model is being applied on a small watershed within the Indian Pines Experimental Watershed near West Lafayette, Indiana. The 329 hectare watershed is subdivided into 100 x 100 meter cells for model simulation. Input data including soils, elevation, land use, and flow paths are extracted from existing GIS map layers.
Reference Type: Journal Article
Record Number: 159
Author: Arruda, Joseph A.; Marzolf, Richard G.; Faulk, Robin T.
Year: 1983
Title: The Role Of Suspended Sediments In The Nutrition Of Zooplankton In Turbid Reservoirs
Journal: Ecology
Volume: 64
Issue: 5
Pages: 1225-1235
Label: in CPCB files
Keywords: adsorption, Daphnia, dissolved organic matter, filter feeding, nutrition, reservoirs, sediments, zooplankton
Abstract: Reservoirs built on rivers draining agricultural watersheds are often turbid with suspended sediments. Filter-feeding zooplankton, e.g., members of the genus Daphnia, seem to be as abundant in such reservoirs as in natural lakes. Using controlled laboratory conditions, we have investigated the potential role of suspended sediments in the nutrition of Daphnia from a turbid reservoir. In three sets of experimental procedures we measured: (1) the physical effect of sediments on the ingestion and incorporation rates of algae by daphnids, (2) the ingestion rates of two sizes of clay mineral sediment particles by daphnids, and (3) the growth and survival of daphnids fed yeast and sediments with and without organic matter adsorbed onto the particle surfaces.
Increases in suspended sediment concentration from 0.0 to 2451 mg/L decreased ingestion rates of 14C-labeled Chlorella vulgaris by Daphnia parvula and D. pulex by approximately 95% and decreased incorporation rates by 99%. Sediment concentrations of 50-100mg/L reduced the algal carbon ingested by daphnids to potential starvation levels. 65Zn-labed fine and coarse (1.88 and 4.65 micrometers mean diameters) clay mineral sediment particles were fed to D. parvula, D. pulex, and D. similis. Ingestion rates of sediments by daphnids were limited at particle concentrations of about 5.0x10^6 particles/mL and were dependent on particle size, daphnid species,and body size. Fine particles were ingested at greater rates by D. pulex and D. parvula than were coarse particles, while large D. similis ingested coarse and fine particles at similar rates. In addition, D. pulex had higher ingestion rates in each particle size suspension than did D. parvula or D. similis. The differential ability to ingest these particles suggests a mechanism of regulating daphnid species composition if the organic matter adsorbed to these sediment particles is useful as food. To evaluate this mechanism, we adsorbed dissolved organic protein to sediment particles. When D. pulex were fed the amended sediment suspension, they grew larger than when fed control sediments, but not as large as when fed yeast . D. parvula grew equally well when fed either yeast or amended sediments. thus, dissolved organic matter can be made available for daphnid growth by the mechanism of adsorption.
Reference Type: Report
Record Number: 649
Author: Arthur, J.W.; Zishke, J.A.
Year: 1994
Title: Evaluation of watershed quality in the Minnesota River basin
City: Duluth, MN
Institution: USEPA
Pages: 32
Date: August 1994
Report Number: EPA/600/R-94/143
Label: CPCB library
Keywords: Minnesota River, sediment pore water, macroinvertebrates
Abstract: The Minnesota River has been noted for having water quality problems, particularly for pollutants associated with sediment transport. This research describes procedures and the results obtained to evaluate the baseline (or existing) watershed quality within the basin. Field work was conducted over three-years (1989-1992). Three kinds of procedures were employed: physical (or habitat related), chemical (surface and sediment pore water quality), and biological (toxicological and macroinvertebrate assessments). The basin was divided into four categories of stream conditions: mainstem, principal tributary, reservoir, and upperwatershed locations. The study area extended from Lac Qui Parle to Fort Snelling on the river's mainstem, and several tributatries and upper watershed areas - most located near Mankato, Minnesota. Aquatic insects were the major macroinvertebrate component found at all sites. Habitat quality estimates were highest in the principal tributary locations. Significant associations were found between ammonia nitrogen and sediment toxicity. Positive associations were found with ammonia nitrogen and components of the macroinvertebrate community. Correlations were also obtained with habitat and the macroinvertebrate measurements. Lower quality watershed and locations generally exhibited lower macroinvertebrate diversity and community integrity scores. Principal stressors affecting the macroinvertebrate community appeared to be elevated concentrationsof ammonia and nitrite-nitrate nitrogen. More watershed studeis are needed to increase the confidence in linking habitat and chemical stressors to biological quality.
Reference Type: Report
Record Number: 648
Author: Arthur, J.W.; Roush, T.; Thompson, J.A.; Puglisi, F.A.
Year: 1996
Title: Evaluation of watershed quality in the saginaw river basin
City: Duluth, MN
Institution: UEPA
Pages: 22
Date: September 1996
Report Number: EPA/600/R-95/153
Label: CPCB library
Keywords: macroinvertebrates, fish, water quality, Saginaw River
Abstract: The Saginaw River Basin located in east central Michigan has been identified as a region of degraded water quality conditions and uses. This research describes procedures and results obtained in evaluating existing watershed quality within the basin. Field work was conducted over a four-year period from 1990 to 1993. Sampling was conducted at 87 sites. Field procedures deployed were physical (habitat related), chemical (surface and sediment pore water quality), and biological (toxicological, macroinvertebrates, fish) assessments. The watershed assessments were divided into 3 geographical sectors: east costal and west coastal subbasins and the centralo or Saginaw subbasin. Habitat quality was found to be the highest in the upstream Saginaw subbasin and lowest in the coastal subbasins. Toxicity was confined to a portion of the Saginaw River betweent the cities of Bay City and Saginaw and restricted to sediment pore water having total ammonia nitrogen concentrations exceeding 10 mg/L. The primary chemical difference found in the basin was with nutrients, particularly in the finding of elevated ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations in the coastal locations. At the agricultural locations, the macroinvertebrate community was dominated by midges, low taxa diversity, low numbers of Ephemeroptera-Plecoptera-Trichoptera (EPT) taxa, and low index of community integrity (ICI) scores. The fish community at the impacted locations was characterized by pollution tolerant minnows and green sunfish and lower indices of biotic integrity (IBI) scores. Principal stressors linking the biological community responses to watershed quality were the amounts of agricultural activity, stream sediment composition, surface total phosphorus, and sediment pore water ammonia and nitrite + nitrate levels.