Put in the space the correct answer
1.------:increased cell numbers in response to hormonesand other growth factors(Hypertrophy ;Hyperplasia ;Atrophy;Metaplasia)
2.------is the result of the movement of fluid from the
vasculature into the interstitial spaces(Edema ;necrosis ;emboli ;thrombosis)
3.------are areas of ischemic necrosis most commonly
caused by a. arterial occlusion(necrosis ;emboli ;thrombosis ; Infarcts)
4.The major types of shock are:
1.
2.
5.Dermatitisherpetiformis is associated with IgA autoantibodies(IgE ; IgA ; IgG ;T cells)
6.------: Present on sun-exposed skin, these lesions
showcytologicatypia in lower parts of epidermis and
infrequently progress to carcinoma in situ. (Dermatitis herpetiformis ;Seborrheic keratosis ;Bullous pemphigoid ;Actinic keratosis )
7.------the most common skin malignancy worldwide(squamous cell carcinoma ; Basal cell carcinoma ;Melanoma ;adeno carcinoma)
8.------is characterized by atrophic epithelium,
carries a slightly increased risk for development
of squamous cell carcinoma in the vulva(Lichen simplex chronicus ; Lichen sclerosus ;Vulvar Paget disease ;Endometriosis)
9.------results from excess endogenous
;carcinoma ;Endometrial hyperplasia)
10.------are the most common malignant ovarian
tumors and are more common in women older than 40
years of age(Epithelial ; sex cord ;stromal cells ;germ cells)
11.------is defined as implantation of the fertilizedovum outside of the uterine corpus(Endometriosis ;Endometrial hyperplasia ;Eclampsia ; Ectopic pregnancy)
12.------is due to abnormalities in maternal and
placental blood flow, with resultant placental ischemia
and infarction(Gestational choriocarcinoma ;Placental site trophoblastic tumor ;Preeclampsia ;Ectopic pregnancy)
13. types of Breast Carcinoma are:
1.
2.
14.Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia most commonly affects the ------zone of the prostate
15.------manifests with generalized
lymphadenopathy and mucocutaneous lesions that
may be maculopapular or take the form of flat raised
lesions called condylomatalata.(primary syphilis ;Gonorrhea ;Tertiary syphilis ;Secondary syphilis)
16.------in a majority
of cases is a paraneoplastic disorder; the strongest association
is with small cell lung cancer.
(Lambert-Eaton syndrome ;Myasthenia gravis ; Multiple sclerosis; neurofibroma)
17.------may manifest as a sporadic subcutaneous
nodule, as a large, poorly defined soft tissue lesion, or as
a growth within a nerve(Schwannomas ;Neurofibromas ;Dystrophinopathies ;Acquired myopathies)
18. Focal cerebral infarcts are most commonly ------(infective ;hemorrhagic ;neoplastic ; embolic)
19.Diseases of myelin can be grouped into:
1.
2.
20.------an autoimmune demyelinating disease,
is the most common disorder of myelin(Lambert-Eaton syndrome ;Myasthenia gravis ; Multiple sclerosis; neurofibroma)
21.------usually manifest as movement disorders.(Cortical disease ;limbic disorders ; basal ganglia disorders ; ventricular disorders)
22.thalassemia is------type of anemia (Normocytic
;Microcytic ;Macrocytic ;Aplastic)
23.------is
autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations that
affect the red cell membrane skeleton(Spherocytosis ;Sickle Cell Anemia ;thalassemia ;Haemolytic diseases of the newborn)
24.Hemophilia B: X-linked disorder caused by mutations
in coagulation factor------( IX ;VIII ;platlet ; vit.K)
25.------This very aggressive tumor of mature B cells usually arisesatextranodal sites.
Tumor cells often are latently infected by Epstein-Barr
virus (Mantle Cell Lymphoma ;Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma ;Follicular Lymphoma ;Burkitt Lymphoma)
26.------This plasma cell tumor often manifests with multiple lytic
bone lesions associated with pathologic fractures(Hodgkin Lymphoma ;Multiple Myeloma ;Follicular Lymphoma ;Burkitt Lymphoma)
27. Myeloid tumors occur mainly in adults and fall into three majorgroups:
1.
2.
3.
28.------is the most common cause of acute kidney injury; its
clinical manifestations are electrolyte abnormalities, acidosis,
uremia(Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis ;Tubulointerstitial Nephritis ;Hereditary nephritis ;Acute Tubular Injury)
29.------Progressive, chronic renal damageassociated with hypertension
(TubulointerstitialNephritis ;Hereditary nephritis ;Acute Tubular Injury ;Arterionephrosclerosis)
30.------renal cell carcinomas are less common type of renal cell carcinomas(Papillary ;Chromophobe ;Clear ;adeno)
31.------is an autoimmune disease characterizedby progressive destruction of thyroid parenchyma(Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis ;Graves disease ;Hashimoto thyroiditis ;follicular carcinoma)
32.The clinical manifestations of hyperparathyroidism can be
summarized as :
1.
2.
3.
4.
33.Type------diabetes is caused by insulin resistance and betacell dysfunction, resulting in relative insulin deficiency. Autoimmunity is not involved
34.------can be caused by ischemic or structural
changes in the conduction system or by myocyte electrical
instability(Arrhythmias ; Ischemic cardiomyopathy ;Acute myocardial infarction ;Angina pectoris)
35.------is intrinsic cardiac muscle disease; there
may be specific causes, or it may be idiopathic.( Arrhythmias ;myocardial infarction; Cardiomyopathy ;Infective endocarditis)
36.------is characterized by reversible bronchoconstriction
caused by airway hyperresponsiveness to a variety of
stimuli.(Asbestos ;Pneumoconioses ;Pneumonia ;asthma)
37.------results from decreased bone mass and is
clinically significant because it predisposes bone to fracture.(Osteopetrosis ;Osteoporosis ;Paget disease ;Osteoarthritis)
38.hepatitis------never cause chronic
hepatitis, only acute hepatitis(B ; C ; D;E)
39.------may occur when the oral microbiota is
altered (e.g., after antibiotic use). Invasive disease may
occur in immunosuppressed individuals.(Aphthous ulcers ;Herpes simplex virus ;Oral candidiasis ; stomatitis)
40.Vascular resistance is regulated at the level of the ------influenced by neural and hormonal inputs(
Arterioles ;veins ;capillaries ;aorta)