NTUA – SDL20/5/20191

JANE'S HIGH-SPEED MARINE TRANSPORTATION

MERCHANT SHIPS

The main part of the book is divided into 21 sections, which correspond, to the ship types described in the section on The Recognition System.

Each section consists of illustrations of ships in an order, which is based on the recognition system. Initially, the entries are in an order dictated by the sequence. The sequence, as described in the Recognition System section, lists certain features on the ship, as they occur forward-to-aft, using a single letter for each feature. If MCCMFN is given as a typical sequence, it can be seen that it could be treated like a word in a dictionary and put into alphabetical order with other sequences. It will be noted that a hyphen is also one of the elements that can be used in the sequence. In the hierarchy of the system, it comes after all the letters, therefore MF comes before M-F, and so on. In some sequences, a letter may be repeated several times, for example MCCCCCMF. To make the latter easier to read, it is rendered as MC{5}MF. After the sequence, the hull form is given. Should there be one ship only in the particular sequence under which you are looking, the hull form has no relevance to the position of the entry. If, however, as often happens, there are many entries with the same sequence, the hull forms can be used to further subdivide the entries. There are eight possible hull forms and they fall into a numerical order - H, H1, H12, H123, H13, H2, H23, H3. There will be groups of entries with the same sequence and hull form but there are no further subdivisions. It is then a matter of comparing one with another.

There is a very important principle to remember when using the recognition system. Although there are 24 elements in the sequence and eight possible hull forms, there can be no guarantee that every feature seen on a ship will automatically fit one of these. A ship's appearance can be complex and complications such as distance and weather conditions also play a part. The system must be used flexibly and the observer should

be prepared to try an alternative ship type, sequence or hull form in

order to make an identification.

The basic details of the sequence and hull form are printed on the title page for each ship type section.

Underlined sequences

As stated earlier, there are several features in the sequence, which cannot be identified when seen broadside (for example, goalpost and bipod). Unfortunately, some of the sequences given to the entries in this book have had to be ascertained from broadside sources. Paired features (masts, funnels, cranes and so on) will have been coded as single and goalposts and bipods will be coded as single masts (M). All sequences based on a broadside sighting are indicated in the book by being underlined. They are integrated with the angled sequences so that they all follow the strict alphabetical order.

DRAWINGS

Note: the drawings used in this book are not to scale. They represent the first ship on the entry (that is, the ship for which the data is given).

All drawings have a seven-digit number for ease of identification by the Jane's Image Library.

DATA WITHOUT DRAWINGS

There are a number of entries throughout the book where it has not been possible to supply an illustration. This is due to a lack of available information. Complete data is provided, including sequence, hull form and reference number. Although it will probably not be possible to make an identification from these entries, it is felt that the information

provided could still be of value. In some cases, an entry is unillustrated because it is very similar to another entry. This is indicated by a cross-reference.

DATA BENEATH ILLUSTRATIONS

Information is listed under the following fields (note: a semi-colon separates these fields in the data):

Consecutive number: Entries are numbered from one onwards in each section. However, they can be easily distinguished in the index, where the section/ship type number is also given.

Sequence/hull form: Explained earlier, qv.

Entry tag: This appears on the same line as the sequence and hull form, on the right-hand side. It indicates the status of the entry compared to the last edition.

Class Name: The first name on the entry (to which all the data applies) is referred to as the class name or class ship, to distinguish it from sisters and similar ships. Names which have been transliterated, for example Russian and Chinese, use the spellings given in Lloyd's Register. See the Alphabets page for transliterations of Greek and Cyrillic

alphabets.

Flag/country of build: In abbreviated form (see Flag and country of build abbreviations). For the country of build, the title used is that which was current at the time of building, so historic titles will appear (for example, FRG and DDR).

Shipbuilder: Given in brackets after country of build and not a separate field. Given in abbreviated form (see Abbreviations of shipbuilders' titles on a later page). The title is that which the builder had at the time the ship was built, but sometimes the same abbreviation may be used for subsequent titles, if they are not significantly altered. All these titles are listed in the abbreviations list.

Year of build/major alterations: Example - 1975/80/92 (completed 1975, rebuilt 1980, further rebuilding 1992). Not a separate field.

Type of vessel: In abbreviated form (see Abbreviations of ship types on a later page). The types are more specific than the section title (for example, the tanker sections include chemical tankers, bitumen tankers, asphalt tankers and so on). Where a vessel has more than one function, a combination of abbreviations is used (for example, RoC/Con - Ro-Ro Cargo and Container carrier).

Tonnages: Two types of tonnage are usually given: gross tonnage (gt) (the internal capacity of most of the enclosed space within a vessel, 100 cubic feet = one tonne) and deadweight (dwt) (the weight of cargo, stores, fuel and so on, that can be carried). Gross tonnage presents certain problems these days. The International Convention on Tonnage Measurement (1969) came into force on 18 July 1982. Any vessel laid down after that

date has been measured according to the new rules and all earlier vessels were given 12 years to comply (by 1994). Vessels were also remeasured after a major rebuild, such as lengthening. The new rules can increase the gross tonnage considerably, particularly in Ro-Ro ships and other multideck vessels such as car carriers. The gross tonnages given in this book are a mixture of post- and pre-convention. They are all given as 'gt' but this is not strictly correct for ships measured before the convention. There are still many cases where it has not been reported that they have complied with the new rules. Before the convention, shelter deck vessels could alter their tonnage by being 'Open Shelter Deck' (OSD) or 'Closed Shelter Deck' (CSD). This gave the ships two sets of tonnages and draughts (larger for CSD). The establishment of the new rules has abolished this system. Where it is not known that a shelter deck has been remeasured, the old CSD tonnage and draught are given. As most passenger ships have little deadweight capacity, the gross tonnage only is given in most cases.

Dimensions: Length overall x maximum beam x maximum draught. Measurements are given in metric with imperial equivalents in brackets. Length between perpendiculars (bp) is given if the overall length is not available (see definition in Glossary). If the maximum beam is not available, the moulded beam (mb) is given. The latter is measured to the inside edges of the plating and is a few centimetres less than the maximum beam.

Machinery/screws: In abbreviated form (see Abbreviations of engine types on a later page).

Design of main machinery: In most cases this is the design of the machinery, but where this is not known, the builder is given. The designer and builder are sometimes the same. A list of the abbreviations used is in Abbreviations of engine builders/designers (note: some abbreviations may appear in the builders' section of this list).

Speed: Service speed, unless indicated otherwise, in knots (kt).

Ex-names: Only the original name is given. It is omitted if it is the same as the current name.

Notes: Special features, details of rebuilding, and so on. The container capacity, where known, is usually given in TEU, but FEU may occasionally be used (see definition in the Glossary). The refrigerated container capacity is given in brackets, where known. In some cases, there will be facilities for stowing containers on the hatch covers only. If an entry is not illustrated because it is very similar to another vessel, but has to be separated due to having a different coding, this is noted in this section and the basic differences described.

Sister ships: Vessels built to the same design as the class ship. They will not, of course, comply exactly with the particulars given for the class ship. Some differences, such as builders, will sometimes be noted.

Similar ships: Vessels similar enough to the vessel drawn not to warrant a separate drawing.

UNAVAILABLE INFORMATION

Where data is not available in certain fields, a hyphen is used in its place (for example: dimensions, flag and so on (-/Br).

DATA BENEATH PHOTOGRAPHS

This consists of the ship's name and credit. The credit is followed by a seven-digit number for ease of identification by the Jane's Image Library. This number does not indicate the date of the photograph or give any information relevant to the ship illustrated. The photographs may appear on the previous page to the text. This would mean than an entry at the top of a left-hand page could be illustrated with related images on the previous page.