Submitted by the WLTP Secretary
--- ACEA Proposal --- / Working paper No.WLTP-03-xx
(3rd WLTP meeting, 10June, 2009)

Proposed Roadmap on WLTP

(Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Test Procedure)

Contents

I.Objectives...... p2

II.Scope of Work...... p3

III.Overall Schedule...... p4

IV.Phase I Works...... p4

1.Organization during for Phase I

2.Phase I Schedule

3.Worldwide harmonized light duty driving cycle

4.Test procedure development Off cycle

5.MAC (mobile air conditionsing) Off cycle

6.Low temperature / high altitude MAC (mobile air conditioning)

7.Validation tests

8.Confirmation tests

9.Round robin tests

10.Test procedure development Development of gtr text for Phase I

11.Development of gtr text for Phase I

V.PhaseII Works...... p11

1.Organization during for PhaseII

2.Phase II Schedule

3.DurabilityLow ambient temperature / high altitude

4.In-service conformity OBD

5.Development of gtr text for Phase IIIn-service conformity

6.Development of gtr text for Phase II

VI.PhaseIII works...... p12

  1. Reference fuel specifications
  2. Correlation
  3. Definition of emission limits and OBD thresholds
  4. Development of gtr text for Phase III

VII.Reporting...... pxx

Appendix

Project schedule and estimated resources

This proposed roadmap was developed through during the WLTP drafting group meeting hosted by European Commission on 19 March and 27&28 April 2009. Participant Participating contracting parties and organizations are European Commission, Japan, UK, Germany, France, NL, Sweden, India, USA, FIA, AECC, OICA and WLTP Technical Secretary.

I.Objectives

In its November 2007 sessions, WP.29 decided to set up an informal group under GRPE to prepare, within the next 2 years, a roadmap for the development of the worldwide harmonized light-duty test procedure (WLTP).

During two(2) informal group meetings on WLTP (4th Jun. 2008 and 14thJan. 2009), the followingswere was agreed within by the contracting parties and related organizations:.

A.the roadmap is expected to be proposed by Jun. 2009 to accelerate the WLTP gtr development

B.the deadline of for the gtr development (PhaseI works) was set by the end of 2013

C.decided the concrete items to be included or excluded in WLTP work frame

As agreed in previous discussions during WP.29 and WLTP informal group meetings, the objectives of this roadmap are

to define the scope of work to develop a gtr

to clarify time schedule and to make the time frame of each work element clear

to make the time frame of each work element clear

to provide a plan of for future work

to estimate the expected resources (manpower and budget)

II. Scope of work

The followingswere was agreed during the 2ndWLTP informal group meeting (14th Jan. 2009).):

1.the impact of MAC (mobile air conditionsconditioning) use should beaccounted for in the procedure

2.broad power sources (LPG, CNG, FFV, H2, HEV, BEV FCV) should be included

3.type approval / certification procedures should be excluded but must be clearly defined

4.OBD issues should be addressed either at a later stage by the WLTP gtr or in a separate gtr

The following work elements will be decided to be included or to be excluded Dduring 148thWP.29/AC.3 meeting (Jun. 2009) it will be decided to include or to exclude the following work elements, however, they will be included in this roadmap includes in case WP.29 acceptedaccepts.

durability

in-service conformity

This work is divided into three (3) phases to complete the Phase I works by the end of 2013. During each phase, the following work elements are executed.

1. Phase I :

develop worldwide harmonized light duty driving cycle and associated test procedure for common measure of pollutants, CO2 and fuel consumption and compatible for OBD demonstration

off-cycle test procedure

MAC (mobile air conditionsconditioning) test procedure

low temperature / high altitude test procedure

  1. Phase II :

low temperature / high altitude test procedure

durability

in-service conformity

OBD

3. PhaseIII :

exhaust gas emission limit values and OBD thresholdslimit

reference fuel properties

correlation

III. Overall Schedule

  1. Phase I : propose a gtr to 161stWP.29/AC.3 (Nov. 2013)
  2. PhaseIII : propose a gtr to 170thWP.29/AC.3 (Nov. 2016)
  3. PhaseIII : start its activities from 2017

For more detail, please refer to Appendix I.

IV. Phase IWorks

1.OrganizationOrganisation for Phase I

Due to its technical difficultiesFor organizsational reasons, it was agreed to set up four (4) sub-groups which report to WLTP informal group. In addition to these technical sub-groups, the text drafting group works for gtr text development.

WLTP informal group

  • chaired by by Mr. Gauvin
  • secretary : : Mr. Ichikawa

2.6.3.Technical groupsfor Phase I

2.6.3.1.DHC (development of worldwide harmonized light duty driving cycle)

  • chaired by
  • mandate : develop worldwide harmonized light duty driving cycle

2.6.3.2.DTP (development of test procedure)

  • chaired by
  • mandate : develop worldwide harmonized light duty test procedure

2.6.3.3.OCE (off-cycle emission)

  • chaired by
  • mandate : develop off cycle test procedure

2.6.3.4.MAC (mobile air conditionsconditioning)

  • chaired by
  • mandate : develop MAC test procedure

2.text drafting group

  • chaired by
  • mandate : develop WLTP gtr

2.Phase I schedule

Please refer to Appendix I.

3.Development of worldwide harmonized light duty driving cycle: each work element is executed by DHC group. Due to tight schedule, this work should be started fromstart inJun. 2009 just after WP.29 approval in its 148th meeting.

A.In-use data collection [1.1.1.]

Five (5) contracting parties,(European Commission, China, India, Japan and USA), have committed to participate in the in-use data collection program. Data from industry will also be taken into account. FIAFoundation volunteered to finance data sampling in South America, and data from industry has to be taken into account.

Vehicle classes and road categories will be defined before data collection. Each region decides on typical vehicle and route composition for each class.

a.Preparation [1.1.1.1.]

The following elements need to be fixed prior to data collection. :

review currently available data [1.1.1.1.1.]

definition/selection of test vehicles (consider also hybrid / electric / gas vehicles etc.) [1.1.1.1.2.]

definition/selection of area, road types,test conditions & route [1.1.1.1.3.]

planning of data collection (What data? What frequency? …) [1.1.1.21.4.]

planning of data collection

statistical data [1.1.1.54.]

  • the number of vehicles
  • total annual mileage
  • characteristic use per type of road

b.Data collection [1.1.1.32.]

Execute the data collection in Europe, China, India, Japan,and USAand South America with support of DHC group.

c.Data check and review [1.1.1.43.]

DHC group check and review the collected data and if necessary, request the particular contracting parties to conduct additional data collection.

B.Data analysis methodology [1.1.23.]

This is one of the key elements to develop the worldwide harmonized light duty driving cycle. Based on previous experiences in WHDC, WMTC and other cycles developments(LA#4, JC08 ETC), DHC group should develop the methodology and propose it to WLTP informal group for acceptance. [1.1.23.1./1.1.23.2.]The following elements are samples examples to be considered, but not limited to.:

what constitutes “representative”?

weighting factor (urban/rural/motorway)

weighting factor (regions)

parts classification (speed? area?)

driving / idling profile

short trip profile (average speed/acceleration/...)

4 mode analysis (stop, acceleration, decelaration, cruise)

total mode duration (urban/rural/motorway)

number of short trip/idling

extract appropriate short trip
(chi-squared based analysis, others)

cold / hot start

gear shift point

verification

C.Worldwide harmonized light duty driving cycle development

This work consists of two major steps. First step is to develop the initial driving cycle based on in-use data collection and data analysis methodology [1.1.23.]. Further iterations of the cycle would be necessary before the sSecond step which would is to finalize the driving cycle based on the validation [1.1.45.], confirmation [1.1.6.2.] and round robin [1.1.76.3.] tests results. The following elements should be considered in each step. :

mode structure [1.1.34.1.1.]

mode duration [1.1.34.1.2.]

weighting factor (urban/rural/motorway) [1.1.34.1.3./1.1.34.2.1.]

number of short trip / idling [1.1.34.1.4.]

gear shift points[1.1.34.1.5./1.1.34.2.3.]

arrangement of short trip / idling [1.1.34.2.2.]

cold / hot start weighting factor [1.1.34.2.4.]

OBD impact [1.1.3.34.1.6.]

4.Test procedure development [1.2.2.]

This work element is executed by DTP group. ISO should be mandated to develop a standard for the test procedure. In a preliminary step a common terminology has to be defined [1.2.1.]. Then the following elements should be considered:

Test procedure [1.2.2.]

  • emission constituent [1.2.2.1.]
  • energy consumption [1.2.2.10]
  • IW class (including vehicle masses) [1.2.2.2.]
  • road-load measurement [1.2.2.3.]
  • electric load [1.2.2.5.]
  • pre-conditioning/state of charge [1.2.2.4.]
  • evaporative emission [1.2.2.12.]
  • calculation formula [1.2.2.6.]
  • hybrid vehicle (HEV, PHEV, ….) [1.2.2.8.]
  • electric vehicle (BEV, FCV, …..) [1.2.2.9.]
  • flex fuel vehicle [1.2.2.7.]
  • gas fuelled vehicle (CNG, LPG, H2, ….) [1.2.2.137.]
  • OBD demonstration [1.2.2.11.]
  • List of required reference fuels [1.2.2.123.]

test equipments [1.2.3.]

  • chassis dynamometer [1.2.3.1.]
  • analyzer / CVS / dilution tunnel [1.2.3.2.]
  • others (fan, cylinder gas, shedSHED,....) [1.2.3.3.]
  • economic consequences [1.2.3.4.]

final modifications [1.2.3.54.]

45.Off cycle test [1.3.]

Each work element is executed by OCE group. OCE group develops the methodology of off cycle test including the definition of off cycle [1.3.1.]. OCE group should have a close link with DHC group for in-use data collection and off cycle development, if applicable. The following elements should be considered:

definition develop candidate for of off cycle mode [1.3.1.1.]

  • engine operation area outside of on cycledefeat device strategy [1.3.1.1.]
  • OCE mode (extra driving dcycle, NTE, PEMS, …) [1.3.1.2.]

exemption area (extreme condition, engine/emission

system protection area, ETC)

methodology of off cycle testevaluation of OCE candidate mode [1.3.2.]

  • defeat device strategy [1.3.2.1.]
  • driving cycle testdeficiencies [1.3.2.2.]
  • engine bench testexemption area [1.3.2.3.]
  • PEMS (portable emissions measurement systemextreme ambient conditions) [1.3.2.4.]
  • driver selectable switch [1.3.2.5.]

test method [1.3.3.]

  • driving mode [1.3.3.1.]
  • engine mapping [1.3.3.2.]

develop test procedure [1.3.4./1.3.6.]

OBD impact [1.3.5.]

Validation test [1.3.6.]

  • test vehicle selection [1.3.6.1.]
  • procure vehicles [1.3.6.2.]
  • testing [1.3.6.3.]

economic impact

OBD impact

56.MAC (mobile air conditionings) [1.4.]

This work element is executed by MAC group. Currently only one test procedure (SC03 in USA) exists in the regulation and several methods are in the process of study [1.4.1.]. The In consideration of repeatability, vehicle size, test ambient conditions and reliability of test results, the following elements should be considered.:

influence on exhaust gas emissions and fuel consumption / CO2

comparison of test methods [1.4.2.1.]

  • usage of full vehicle environmental cell [1.4.2.1.1.]
  • usage of test bench AC component [1.4.2.1.2.] and AC system testing [1.4.2.1.3.]
  • apply MAC load in the worldwide harmonized light duty driving cycle [1.4.2.1.2.]
  • separate MAC test cycle [1.4.2.1.2.]
  • simulation method [1.4.2.1.34.]

develop the MAC test procedure [1.4.2.2.]

economic impact and validation test [1.4.2.3./1.4.2.5.]

OBD impact [1.4.2.4.]

6.Low ambient temperature / high altitude

This work element is executed by mainly DTP group. DHC group may be involved if particular driving cycle was required. The following elements should be considered.:

Particular test cycle (DHC group) : The worldwide harmonized light duty driving cycle is a base cycle under these conditions. However, it might be necessary to develop particular driving cycle if validation tests indicate the critical problem. In this case, the cycle could be improved in the Phase II.

Test conditions (DTP group) :

set test conditions (temperature, humidity, pressure, ETC)

modify target road-load based on air density difference

optional requirement: it is up to each contracting party to adopt this requirement due to its circumstances.

677.Validation tests [1.1.45.]

This work element is executed by DHC group. DTP group should be involved to provide a new test procedure. This work consists of two three steps. First step is a preparation phase [1.1.45.1.] with following steps:

  • definition of test items [1.1.45.1.1.]
  • definition of test vehicle matrix [1.1.45.1.2.]
  • procure test vehicles [1.1.45.1.3.]
  • test site preparation [1.1.45.1.4.]

The second step [1.1.45.2.] is a preliminary check on the newly developed driving cyclesunder the current test procedure. Second The third step [1.1.45.3.] is a precise check under the proposed new test procedure. The following elements should be considered in each step.:

test items / test vehicle matrix

test site preparation

drivability

  • smooth throttle operation
  • appropriate shift point
  • clutch off point
  • mode traceability, slip

repeatability

OBD functionality

According to validation test results and conclusions from these, the newly developed driving cycles might be modified.

788.Confirmation tests [1.1.56.2.]

Purpose of confirmation tests is whether the new test procedure (including new driving cycles) can be conducted with existing current test equipments in each specific laboratoryies or not. After completion of first step of validation tests, this work element is executed by DHC group, participant participating contracting parties,and independent emission laboratories and NGO laboratories. The following elements should be considered:.

test items / test vehicle matrix [1.1.56.1.1./1.1.56.1.2.]

procure test vehicles [1.1.56.1.3.]

test site preparation [1.1.56.1.4.]

perform a series of test procedures [1.1.56.2.]

confirm practicability and reproducibility [1.1.56.2.]

The result of these activities can lead to small modifications of the driving cycle [1.1.76.4.].

899.Round robin tests [1.1.6.3.]

In parallel of to confirmation tests, round robin tests are conducted to check the correlation between laboratories under the new test procedure. This work element is executed by DHC group, participant participating contracting parties,and independent emission laboratories and NGO laboratories. It is necessary to shrink reduce the test duration so that test results should reflect on newly developed driving cycles. The following elements should be considered:.

test items / test vehicle matrix [1.1.6.3.1./1.1.6.3.2.]

procure test vehicles [1.1.6.3.3.]

test site preparation

perform a series of test procedures [.1.1.6.3.4.]

confirm practicability and reproducibility [1.1.6.3.5.]

correlation check between laboratories [1.1.6.3.5.]

109.Test procedure development [1.2.2.]

This work element is executed by DTP group. ISO should be asked for assistancemandated to develop a standard for the test procedure. In a preliminary step a common terminology has to be defined [1.2.1.]. The Then the following elements should be considered:.

Test procedure [1.2.2.]

emission constituent [1.2.2.1.]

energy consumption [1.2.2.10]

IW class (including vehicle masses) [1.2.2.2.]

road-load measurement [1.2.2.3.]

electric load [1.2.2.5.]

gearshift prescriptions

pre-conditioning/state of charge [1.2.2.4.]

evaporative emission

driver selectable switch

calculation formula [1.2.2.6.]

hybrid vehicle (HEV, PHEV, ….) [1.2.2.8.]

electric vehicle (BEV, FCV, …..) [1.2.2.9.]

flex fuel vehicle [1.2.2.7.]

gas fuelled vehicle (CNG, LPG, H2, ….) [1.2.2.13.]

OBD [1.2.2.11.]

reference fuels [1.2.2.12.]

test equipments [1.2.3.]

chassis dynamometer [1.2.3.1.]

analyzer / CVS / dilution tunnel [1.2.3.2.]

others (fan, cylinder gas, shed,....) [1.2.3.3.]

economic consequences [1.2.3.4.]

final modifications [1.2.3.5.]

101.Development of gtr text [1.5.]

This work element is executed by the text drafting group with close link to technical groups. The following elements should be considered:.

generate overall gtr structure

combine all technical group works

develop gtr text and legal document demanded by WP.29 agreement

editorial check

impact assessment [1.5.2.]

V. PhaseII Works

1.Organization during Phase II

WLTP informal group

  • chaired by by Mr. Gauvin
  • secretary : : Mr. Ichikaxwa

2.10.3.technical groups

2.10.3.1.durability group

  • chaired by
  • mandate : develop durability test procedures for durability demonstration, CoP and ISC

OBD group

  • chaired by
  • mandate: develop OBD test procedure

2.10.3.1.2.

2.10.3.2.in-service conformity group

2.10.3.2.1.chaired by

2.10.3.2.2.mandate : develop in-service conformity procedure

3.text drafting group

  • chaired by
  • mandate : develop WLTP gtr extension/OBD gtr text (if necessary)

2.Phase II schedule

Please refer to Appendix I.

3.Low ambient temperature [2.2.] / high altitude [2.3.]

This work element is executed by mainly DTP group. DHC group may be involved if particular driving cycle will be required. The following elements should be considered:

Particular test cycle (DHC group) : The worldwide harmonized light duty driving cycle is a base cycle under these conditions. However, it might be necessary to develop a particular driving cycle if validation tests indicate the critical problem. Therefore this work is part of Phase II.

Test conditions (DTP group) [2.2.1./2.3.1.] :

  • set test conditions (temperature, humidity, pressure, ETC)
  • modify target road-load based on air density difference

The definition of specific fuels must be investigated [2.2.2./2.3.2.]

optional requirement: it is up to each contracting party to adopt this requirement due to its circumstances.

43.Durability [2.4.1.]

This work element is executed by the durability group. In an initial step it has to be decidedconsidered if all of the following elements are needed: durability demonstration tests, conformity of production (CoP), road worthiness test, and in-service conformity test (ISC).

Currently three (3) methods exist for the durability test procedure. The following elements should be considered:.

a. whole vehicle durability test [2.4.1.]

1.review current and new WLTP cycle [2.4.1.1.]

2.(develop durability driving cycle, if necessary) [2.4.1.1.]

3.test points [2.4.1.2.]

4.test fuel [2.4.1.3.]

b. bench aging test [2.4.2.]

1.define emission control parts [2.4.2.1.]

2.develop bench aging method [2.4.2.2.]

3.test fuel [2.4.2.3.]

c. assigned deterioration factors [2.4.4.]

d. development of the test procedure [2.4.3./2.4.5.]

For conformity of production and 4.iIn-service conformity

[2.5.] This work element is executed by in-service conformity group. The following elements should be considered.:

a. Vehicle selection criteria [2.5.1.]

define engine family [2.5.1.1.]

rejection criteria [2.5.1.2.]

number of test vehicles [2.5.1.32.]

odometer criteria [2.5.1.4.]

b. In-service testing [2.5.2.]

1as-received condition [2.5.2.1.]

2OBD information [2.5.2.2.]

3conduct maintenance if necessary [2.5.2.3.]

4second test if necessary [2.5.2.4.]

5measured emission constituents [2.5.2.5.]

(exhaust, CO2, evaporative, ...)

test fuel propertiess [2.5.2.6.]

c. Pass/fail judgment [2.5.3.]

6number of samples [2.5.3.1.]

7pass/fail methodology [2.5.3.1.]

engine family [2.5.3.2.]

d. final tesxt [2.5.3.36.]

5.OBD [2.1.]

This work element is executed by the OBD Group. Basis for the harmonization are existing OBD regulations [2.1.1.] such as:

  • WWH-OBD
  • US California Regulation
  • US Federal Regulation
  • EU Regulation
  • Japanese Regulation

The following elements should be considered:

OBD specific definitions (e.g. drive cycle, warm up, etc) [2.1.2.1.]

purpose and limitations [2.1.2.12.]

monitoring requirements [2.1.2.23.]

-malfunction criteria determination

-monitoring conditions, monitoring cycle, off-cycle

demonstration [2.1.2.34.]

-fuel impact

-test procedure

- demonstration cycle, preconditioning cycle

- in-use performance

information [2.1.2.45.]

- driver information

- data storage and transmission

- standardization

- documentation

- production vehicle evaluation

- exeptions, deficiencies

The tesxt development [2.1.2.] is supported by validation tests [2.1.3.] with following steps:

  • procure test vehicles [2.1.3.1.]
  • validation on a test bench [2.1.3.2.]
  • in-field valildationvalidation tests [2.1.3.3.]

5.Development of gtr text for Phase II [2.6.]

This work element is executed by the text drafting group with close link to technical groups. The following elements should be considered.:

generate overall gtr structure [2.6.1.]

combine all technical group works