POLYMER (DNA) Biology Notes
Unit Outcome Bio – 4: TLW draw conclusions about the relationship of DNA to physical and biological situation by including a variety of mutations.
1. TLW explain the relationships between DNA, proteins and traits.
2. TLW relate the structure of DNA to appropriate terminology
3. TLW identify how DNA replication affects chromosomal reproductions
4. TLW describe how DNA and RNA participate in protein synthesis.
5. TLW model the steps in protein synthesis.
I. DNA structure and Function:
History: Founders: When James Watson, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkens, and Rosalind Franklin first elucidated the structure of DNA this simple structure yielded a mechanism by which DNA could be copied…Semi-conservative replication. (think about what semi and conservative mean…..????)
Nucleic Acids:
§ DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid –
§ the “molecule of heredity.”
Job?
What is Monomer:?
What is a Nucleotide?
i. Sugar
ii. Phosphate
iii. Base
DNA is found ______
Types of Bases
Adenine
/Uracil –only in RNA
/Guanine
/Thymine
/Cytosine
Of the bases pictured above, which are the following?
1. Purines (double ringed)
2. Pyrimidines (single ringed)
Which bases pair together?
Why do they pair together?
What does it mean for DNA to be anti-parallel?
What are genes?
How are genes, proteins, traits and DNA all related?
a.
b.
c.
d.
What would happen if the DNA is copied incorrectly?
II. DNA Synthesis
Where does DNA remake itself?
§ ______
§ 3 parts to Interphase
§ ____ – cell carries out normal functions
§ _____ – DNA is copied
§ _____ – Cell carries out normal functions
What must be present for DNA to remake itself?
· Original Strand
· Free Nucleotides
· Enzymes
a. Template Strand –
b. Newly Synthesized Strand –
B. What happens during replication?
a.
b.
c.
This is called semi-conservative replication.
Result:
What is a Protein?
I. Subunits of life
a. Monomers – Amino Acids
b. Polymers
II. Proteins
i. Amino group (Circle in green)
ii. Carboxyl group (Circle in red)
ii. Peptide bond (Circle in figure below)
The Twenty Amino Acids
Basic /Acidic /
Hydrophobic /
Hydroxyl /
Sulfur – containing /
Aromatic /
Why are proteins important?
Types of Proteins
Enzymatic (speed up/control chemical reactions)
iii. Catalase
H2O2 à H2O + O2 .
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Receptor (Cl- channel)
Rhodopsin –
Structural (our building blocks)
Oxygen Carriers - Hemoglobin
Hormones (send signals) – Insulin-
Now that you understand that there are different proteins within the body.
1. What determines the role or function of a protein?
2. What determines the shape of a protein?