PLANTS OF APPLE GROVE PICNIC AREA – HONESDALE, PA
2
ETHNOBOTANY STUDY GROUP
Honesdale Wellness Center – 602 Church Street
7/26/2012
updated document at: www.nathanielwhitmore.com
go to page: “Ethnobotany Study Group”
e-mail changes:
(845) 418-6257 / (570) 253-6621 - 4
grasses and kin marked with *
Agrimony
Alder Alnus ?
American Fly Honeysuckle
Amur Maple Acer ginnala
Annual Fleabane Erigeron annuus
*Annual Ryegrass Lolium multiflorum
Apple Malus pumila
Ash Fraxinus spp. (see “White Ash”)
Ash-Leaf Maple Acer negundo
Aspen Populus spp. (see “Quaking Aspen”)
Aster Aster spp.
Barberry Berberis japonica
Basswood Tilia americana
Bedstraw Galium 3 species so far?
(see “Cleavers” and “Sweet-scented Bedstraw”)
small, 4-leaved
Bee Balm Monarda didyma
M. fistulosa ?
Beech Fagus grandifolia
Beggar Tick
*Bent Agrostis alba
Bigtooth Aspen Populus grandidentata
Bindweed Convolvulus spp.
Birch Betula spp. (see “Black Birch”)
Bishop’s Weed Aegopodium podagraria
Bistort Polygonum bistorta
Bittersweet Solanum dulcamara
Bitter Dock (see “Broad-Leaf Yellow Dock”)
Blackcap Rubus
Blackberry Rubus fruticosus and spp.
Black Birch Betula lenta
Black Cap Rubus occidentalis
Black Cherry Prunus serotina
Black Haw Viburnum prunifolium
Black Horehound Ballota nigra ?
Black Huckleberry Gaylussacia baccata ?
Black Locust Robinia pseudoacacia
Black Raspberry (see “Black Cap”)
Black Walnut Juglans nigra
Black Willow Salix nigra
? Black-Eyed Susan Rudbekia
Bloodroot Sanguinaria canadensis
Blueberry Vaccinium spp.
Blue Cohosh Caulophyllum thalictroides
Blue Flag Iris versicolor correct sp?
Blue Spruce Picea pungens
Blue Vervain Verbena hastata
Blue Spruce
Bluet Houstonia caerulea
Boneset Eupatorium perfoliatum
*Bottlebrush Grass Elymus hystrix
Box Elder (see “Ash-Leaf Maple”)
*Bristly Foxtail Setaria verticillata
Bristly Locust Robinia hispida
Broad-Leaf Yellow Dock
Rumex obtusifolius
calyx w/out teeth?
Broom Sedge Carex scoparia
*Brome Bromus
overlapping scales w/ bristle
differentiation in Grasses page 138
Bull Thistle
Bulrush Scirpus sp. ?
Schoenoplectus ?
Bugleweed
Burdock Arctium lappa
Buttercup Ranunculus spp.
Butternut Juglans cinerea ?
Canada Goldenrod ?
Catnip Nepeta cataria
Cattail Typha latifolia
Celandine Chelidonium majus
Chickweed Stellaria media and spp.
Chives Allium schoenoprasum ?
A. cernuum A. vineale ?
Choke Cherry Prunus virginiana
Christmas Fern
Polystichum acrostichoides
Cinquefoil (see “Common Cinquefoil”)
Cleavers Galium aparine
Colorado Blue Spruce (see “Blue Spruce”)
Coltsfoot Tussilago farfara
Common Blue Violet Viola sororia
Common Cinquefoil Potentilla simplex
Common Fleabane
Erigeron philadelphicus
Common Mallow Malva neglecta
Common Milkweed (see “Milkweed”)
Cottonwood Populus spp.
*Couchgrass Elytrigia repens
Crab Apple Malus
*Crabgrass Digitaria spp.
Crown Vetch Securigera varia
Curly Dock (see “Yellow Dock”)
Current Ribes spp.
*Cyperus Cyperus rotundus
Daffodil Narcissus pseudonarcissus ?
Daisy Leucanthemum vulgare
Dame’s Rocket Hesperis matronalis
Dandelion Taraxacum officinale
Dangleberry Gaylussacia frondosa ?
Deadnettle Lamium spp.
*Deer-Tongue Grass Pauicum virgatum
Deerberry Vaccinium stamineum ?
Dewberry Rubus
Dog Fennel
Dogbane Apocynum spp.
Dogwood (see “Kinnikinik”)
*Downy Brome Bromus tectorum ?
Dutchman’s Breeches Dicentra cucullaria
Elder Sambucus canadensis
Elm Ulmus americana
Evening Primrose Oenothera biennis
False Hellebore Veratrum spp.
Fancy Fern? Dryopteris
*Fescue Festuca ?
Fiddlehead Fern (see “Ostrich Fern”)
Field Mustard Brassica rapa ?
Field Pennycress Thlaspi arvense ?
Fieldmint Mentha arvensis
Figwort Scrophularia nodosa sp.?
Fleabane Erigeron spp.
(see “Annual Fleabane” & “Common Fleabane”)
*Fowl Meadow Grass Poa palustris
Forget-Me-Not Myosotis scorpiodes
*Fox Sedge Carex vulpinoidea
Foxglove Digitalis spp.
Fringed? Bindweed
(see “Wild Buckwheat Vine”)
Frost Grape Vitis riparia
Garlic Mustard Sisymbrium alliaria
Alliaria petiolata
Giant Chickweed Myosoton aquaticum
Goldenrod Solidago spp.
w/ 5”x1” leaflets
sharply serrated
Gooseberry Ribes spp. ?
Grape Vitis spp.
(see “Summer Grape” & “Frost Grape”)
V. labrusca Fox Grape ? –not N
Gravelroot (see “Spotted Joe Pye Weed”)
Greenbriar Smilax rotundifolia
Green-Eyed
Ground Ivy Glechoma hederacea
Hardhack (See “Steeplebush”)
Hawkweed Hieracium aurantiacum
H. pratense
Hawthorn Crataegeus spp.
Hemlock Tsuga canadensis
Hemp Nettle Galeopsis tetrahit
Herb Robert Geranium robertianum
Hickory Carya spp.
Highbush Blueberry
Vaccinium corymbosum
Honeysuckle Lonicera morrowwii
pubescent, acute
L. tartarica
Horsemint Monarda punctata & spp.
Horsetail Equisetum arvense
Horseweed Conyza canadensis
Huckleberry Gaylussacia spp. (see: “Black Huckleberry” & “Dangleberry” also see: “Lowbush Blueberry” & Low Sweet Blueberry”)
Indian Pipe Monotropa uniflora
Iris Iris versicolor (see “Blue Flag”)
Jack-In-The-Pulpit Arisaema triphyllum
Japanese Knotweed Fallopia cuspidatum
Jewelweed Impatiens aurea & pallida
*Junegrass Koeleria macrantha ?
Kinnikinik Cornus amomum
Lady Fern Athyrium filix-femina
Lady’s Thumb
?Lily-of-the-Valley Convallaria maialis
?Lobelia Lobelia inflata
Locust (see “Black Locust” & “Bristly Locust”)
Low Sweet Blueberry
Vaccinium angustifolium
Lowbush Blueberry Vaccinium pallidum ?
Maidenhair Fern Adiantum pedatum
*Mannagrass Glyceria
Maple (see “Amur Maple”, “Sugar Maple”)
Marginal Wood Fern
Dryopteris marginalis
Mayapple Podophyllum peltatum
*Meadow Fescue ? bulge at leaf base
Schedonorus pratense
Milk Vetch Astragakys canadensis
Milkweed Asclepias spp.
Moneywort Lysimachis nummularia
Motherwort Leonurus cardiaca
Mountain Ash Sorbus spp.
Mountain Laurel Kalmia latifolia
Mountain Olive Elaeagnus angustifolius ?
Mugwort Artemisia vulgaris
Mullein Verbascum thapsus
Multifloral Rose Rosa multiflora
Mustard Brassica spp.
see notes from 7/9/12
Narrow-Leaf Dock
Nettle Urtica dioica
Nightshade (see: “Woody Nightshade”)
Ninebark Physocarpus opulifolius
Northern Blue Violet Viola
Northern Red Oak (see “Red Oak”)
Northern Stitchwort Stellaria borealis
Norway Spruce Picea
Nutsedge ?
Oak Quercus spp.
Old-Field Cinquefoil
(see “Common Cinquefoil”)
Orchard Grass Dactylis glomerata
Orpine Sedum
Ostrich Fern Matteuccia struthiopteris
Ox-Eye Daisy (see “Daisy”)
Oyster Plant (see “Yellow Goat’s Beard”)
*Panic Grass Panicum lanuginosum ?
Partridge Berry Mitchella repens
*Path Rush Juncus tenuis
Peach-Leaf Willow Salix amygdaloides
Pearly Everlasting Anaphalis spp.
Pennsylvania Smartweed
Persicaria pensylvanica
Peppermint Mentha piperita
*Perennial Ryegrass Lolium perenne
Periwinkle Vinca minor
Pignut Hickory Carya glabra ?
Pine Pinus spp. (see “White Pine”)
Pineapple Weed Matricaria discoidea
Pink Dianthus spp.
Plantain Plantago major
Plantago lanceolata
Poison Ivy Toxicodendron radicans
Poke Phytolacca americana
Poor Man’s Pepper Lepidium virginicum
Poplar Populus spp. (see “Aspen”)
one sp. by south fence
? Privet Ligustrum spp.
Purple Loosestrife Lythrum salicaria
Purslane Portulaca oleracea
*Quackgrass Elymus repens
Quaking Aspen Populus deltoides
Queen Anne’s Lace Daucus carota
Ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia
? Ramp Allium tricoccum (see “Wild Leek”)
Raspberry Rubus spp.
*Reed Canary Grass Phalaris arundinacea
wide leaves
*Reed Meadow Grass Glyceria grandis
*Reedgrass Phragmites communis ?
Red Clover Trifolium pretense
*Red Fescue Festuca rubra
?Red Lily ? whorls of 7
Red Oak Quercus rubra
Red Pine Pinus resinosa
Red Spruce Picea rubra ?
*Redtop Agrostis alba ? grass of lawns,
branches in tiers, one flower per cluster
Rhododendron Rhododendron spp.
*Rice Cutgrass Leersia oryzoides ?
related to rice, Poa flowers with scales, leaves cut
Riverbank Grape (see “Frost Grape”)
Rose (see “Multifloral Rose”)
*Roughstalk Bluegrass Poa trivialis ?
Rough Goldenrod
Rue Thalictrum
*Rush Juncus Scirpus (see “Sharp-fruited Rush”, “Toad Rush”, “Soft Rush” )
Russian Olive (see “Mountain Olive”)
St. John’s Wort Hypericum perforatum
2nd species by river see 7/9/12
Salsify (see “Yellow Goat’s Beard”)
Sarsaparilla (see: “Greenbriar”)
Scratch-Grass (see: “Tear Thumb”)
*Sedge Cyperus
Carex lupulina ?
Carex bullata ?
Cares paupercula ?
Carex limosa ?
See “Fox Sedge”
Self-heal Prunella vulgaris
Sensitive Fern Onoclea sensibilis
*Sharp-fruited Rush Juncus acuminatus ?
Sheep Sorrel Rumex acetosella
Shepherd’s Purse
Capsella bursa-pastoris
Shining Willow Salix lucida
*Shorthusk Brachyelytrum sp. ?
Silky Dogwood (see “Kinnikinik”)
? Skunk Cabbage Symplocarpus foetidus
Slippery Elm Ulmus fulva
Smartweed Persica
big-leaved
reddish-stemmed
very spicy, yellowish-leaved
*Smooth Brome Bromus inermis
Soapwort Saponaria officinalis
*Soft Rush Juncus effusus
Solomon’s Seal Polygonatum biflorum
Sorrel (see “Sheep Sorrel”, “Yellow Wood Sorrel”)
Speckled Alder Alnus incana ?
Spearmint Mentha spicata
Speedwell Veronica spp. –what species?
? Spicebush Lindera benzoin
Spiraea Spiraea spp. (See “Steeplebush”)
Spotted Joe-Pye Weed
Eutrochium maculatum
Spruce Picea spp.
Staghorn Sumac Rhus typhina
Steeplebush Spiraea tomentosa
Stichwort (see “Northern Stichwort”)
Stinging Nettle (see “Nettle”)
Strawberry Fragaria virginiana
Sugar Maple Acer saccharum
Sumac Rhus spp. (besides Staghorn?)
Summer Grape Vitis aestivalis
Sunflower Helianthus –species?
Sweet Birch (see “Black Birch”)
Sweet Clover Melilotus officinalis
Melilotus alba
Sweet Fern Comptonia peregrina
Sweet-scented Bedstraw Galium triflorum?
*Switchgrass Panicum virgatum
Sycamore Platanus occidentalis
*Tall Fescue Festuca arundinacea ?
Tall Nettle (see “Stinging Nettle”)
*Tall Sedge
*Tall Oats Grass Arrhenatherum elatius
Tear Thumb Persicaria sagittata
Thistle Circaea spp.
Timothy Phleum pratense
*Toad Rush Juncus bufonius ?
? Toadflax Linaria vulgaris
? Toothwort Dentaria spp.
Cardamine spp.
*Trail Rush (see “Path Rush”)
Trillium Trillium spp.
Trout Lily Erythronium albidum
*Umbrella Sedge Cyperus strigosus ?
*Velvet Grass Holcus lanatus
fuzzy & swollen below axils
Vervain Verbena urticifolia ?
Virgin’s Bower Clematis virginiana
Virginia Creeper
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
*Virginia Wild Rye Elymus virginicus
Violet Viola spp.
How many species?
Water Hemlock see notes from 7/9/12
Water Pepper ?
Water Smartweed ? (see “Water Pepper”)
Werewolf Root
Apocynum androsaemifolium (sp?)
White Ash Fraxinus americana
White Avens Geum canadense
White Bedstraw Galium mollugo ?
White Clover Trifolium repens
White Pine Pinus strobus
White Snakeroot Eupatorium rugosum
Whorled Loosestrife
(see: “Yellow Loosestrife”)
*Wild Barley Hordeum ?
Wild Buckwheat Vine
Fallopia cilinodis
Wild Cherry Prunus serotina
Wild Cucumber Cucumis sativus
Wild Geranium Geranium maculatum
? Wild Ginger Asarum canadensis
Wild Lettuce Lactuca spp.
? Wild Leek Allium tricoccum
? Wild Parsnip Pastinaca sativa
Wild Radish Raphanus raphanistrum
Wild Rose (see “Multifloral Rose”, other?)
Wild Sarsaparilla Aralia nudicaulis
Wild Strawberry (see “Strawberry”)
Willow Salix nigra (see “Black Willow”)
w/“wings”
how many shrubs?
at least 2 trees
Wintercress Barbarea vulgaris
Wintergreen Galutheria procumbens
Witch Hazel Hamamalis virginica
Wood Fern (see “Marginal Wood Fern”)
Wood Sorrel (see “Yellow Wood Sorrel”)
Woody Nightshade
Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod
(see “Rough Goldenrod”)
Yarrow Achillea millefolium
Yellow Dock Rumex crispus
Yellow Goat’s Beard Tragopogon dubius
Yellow Hop Clover
Yellow Loosestrife
Yellow Wood Sorrel Oxalis stricta
BY LATIN NAME:
Acer ginnala Amur Maple
Acer negundoAsh-Leaf Maple, Box Elder
Acer saccharum Sugar Maple
Achillea millefolium Yarrow
Adiantum pedatum Maidenhair Fern
Aegopodium podagraria Bishop’s Weed
Agrostis alba Redtop
Allium schoenoprasum Chives
Allium tricoccum Wild Leek, Ramp
Allium vineale Wild Garlic
Alnus spp. Alder
Alnus incana Speckled Alder
Ambrosia artemisfolia Ragweed
Anaphalis spp. Pearly Everlasting
Angelica archangelica Angelica
Apocynum androsaemifolium Werewolf Root, Dogbane Spp.
Aralia nudicaulis Wild Sarsaparilla
Articum lappa Burdock
Arisaema triphyllum Jack-In-The-Pulpit
Artimesia vulgaris Mugwort
Asarum canadensis Wild Ginger
Asclepias spp. Milkweed, Common Milkweed
Astragalus canadensis Milk Vetch
Aster spp Aster
Athyrium filix-femina Lady Fern
Ballota nigra Black Horehound
Barbarea vulgaris Wintercress
Berberis japonica Barberry
Betula spp. Birch
Betula lenta Black Birch
Brassica rapa Field mustard
Bromus tectorum Downy Brome
Capsella bursa-pastoris Sheperd's Purse
Cardamine spp. Toothwort
Carex appressa Tall Sedge
Carex scoparia Broom Sedge
Carya spp. Hickory
Carya glabra Pignut Hickory
Caulophyllum thalictroides Blue Cohosh
Chelidonium majus Celandine
Cichorium intybus Chicory
Circaea spp. Thistle
Cirsium vulgare Bull Thistle
Clematis virginiana Virgin's Bower
Comptonia peregrina Sweet Fern
Convallaria maialis Lily-Of-The-Valley
Convolvulus spp. Bindweed
Cornus amomon Silky Dogwood
Crataegeus spp. Hawthorn
Cucumis sativus Wild Cucumber
Cyperus / Carex Sedge
Cyperus rotundus Nutsedge
Cyperus strigosus Umbrella Sedge
Dactylis Orchard Grass
Daucus carota Queen Anne's Lace
Dentaria spp. Toothwort
Dianthus spp. Pink
Dicentra cucullaria Dutchman's Breeches, Bleeding Heart
Digitalis spp. Foxglove
Digitaria spp. Crabgrass
Dryopteris marginalis Marginal Wood Fern
Elaeagnus angustifolius Mountain or Russian Olive
Elytrigia repens Couch Grass, Quack Grass
Equisetum arvense Horsetail
Erigeron spp. Fleabane
Erythrunium albidum Trout Lily
Eupatorium perfoliatum Boneset
Eupatorium rugosum White Snakeroot
Eutrochium maculatum Spotted Joe-Pye weed
Fagus grandofolia Beech
Fallopia cilinodis Wild Buckwheat Vine
Fallopia Japanese Knotweed
Festuca rubra Red Fescue
Fomes fomentarius Tinder Polypore
Fragaria virginiana Strawberry
Fragaria vesca Wild Strawberry
Fraxinus americana White Ash
Galium spp. Bedstraw
Galium aparine Cleavers
Galium triflorum Sweet-Scented Bedstraw
Galutheria procumbens Wintergreen
Gaylusssacia baccata Black Huckleberry
Geranium maculatum Wild Geranium
Geranium robertianum Herb Robert
Glechoma hederacea Ground Ivy
Glyceria grandis Reed Meadow Grass
Hamamalis virginica Witchazel
Helianthus spp. Sunflower
Hesperis matronalis Dame's Rocket
Hieracium spp. Hawkweed
Holcus lanatus Velvet Grass
Houstonia caerulea Bluet
Hypericum perforatum St. John's Wort
Impatiens aurea & pallida Jewelweed
Iris versicolor Blue Flag
Juglans cincerea Butternut
Juglans nigra Black Walnut
Juncus bufonius Toad Rush
Juncus scripus Rush spp.
Kalmia latifolia Mountain Laurel
Lactuca Wild Lettuce
Lamium spp. Deadnettle
Leersia oryzoides Rice Cutgrass
Leonurus cardiaca Motherwort
Lepidium virginicum Poor Man's Pepper
Leucanthemum vulgare Daisy, Oxe-Eye Daisy
Ligustrum spp. Privet
Linaria vulgaris Toadflax
Lindera benzoin Spicebush
Lobelia inflata Lobelia
Lonicera morrowwii Honeysuckle
Lolium multiflorum Annual Ryegrass
Lysimachis nummularia Moneywort
Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife
Malus Crab Apple
Malus pumila Apple
Malva neglecta Common Mallow
Matteuccia struthiopteris Ostrich Fern, Fiddlehead Fern
Medicago sativa Alfalfa
Melilotus officinalis, M. alba Sweet Clover
Mentha arvensis Fieldmint
Mentha piperita Peppermint
Mentha spicata Spearmint
Mitchella repens Partridge Berry
Monarda didyma, M. fistulosa Bee Balm
Monotropa uniflora Indian Pipe
Myosoton aquaticum Giant Chickweed
Narcissus pseudonarcissus Daffodil
Nepeta cataria Catnip
Oenothera biemis Evening Primrose
Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive Fern
Oxalis stricta Yellow Wood Sorrel
Panicum lanuginosum Panic Grass
Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia Creeper
Pastinaca sativa Wild Parshnip
Pauicum virgatum Deer Tongue Grass, Switchgrass
Persicaria hydropiper Water Pepper
Persicaria pensylvanica Pennsylvania Smartweed
Persicaria vulgaris Lady's Thumb
Phleum pratense Timothy
Phragmites communis Reedgrass
Physocarpus opulifolius Ninebark
Phytolaca americana Poke
Picea spp. Spruce
Picea rubra Red Spruce
Pinus spp. Pine
Pinus strobus White Pine
Piptoporus betulinus Birch Polypore
Plantago major, P. lanceolota Plantain
Platanus occidentalis Sycamore
Pleurotus ostreatus Oyster Mushroom
Poa palustris Fowl Meadow Grass
Poa trivialis Roughstalk Bluegrass
Podophyllum canadensis Milk Vetch
Polygonatum biflorum Solomon's Seal
Polgonum bistorta Bistort
Polygonum persica Smartweed
Polystichum acrostichoides Christmas Fern
Portulaca oleracea Puslane
Potentilla arguta Tall or Old Field Cinquefoil
Potentilla simplex Common Cinquefoil
Populus grandidentata Big Toothed Aspen
Populus tremuloides Quaking Apen
Prunella vulgaris Self-Heal
Prunus serotina Black, Wild Cherry
Prunus virginiana Choke Cherry
Quercus spp. Oak
Quercus rubus Red Oak
Ranunculus spp. Buttercup
Raphanus raphanistrum Wild Radish
Rhododendron spp. Rhododerdron
Rhus typhina Staghorn Sumac
Ribes spp. Currant, Gooseberry
Robinia hispida Bristly Locust
Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust
Rosa multiflora Multifloral Rose
Rubus spp. Dewberry
Rubus fruticosus spp. Blackberry
Rubus idaeus & spp. Raspberry
Rubus leucodermis Blackcap
Rumex acetosella Sheep Sorrel
Rumex crispus Yellow, Curly Dock
Rumex obtusifolius Bitter, Broad-Leaf Dock
Rurippa nasturtium-aquatica Watercress
Ruta graveolens Rue
Salix nigra Black Willow
Sambucus canadensis Elder
Sanguinaria canadensis Bloodroot
Saponaria officinalis Soapwort, Bouncing Bet