Personal Care Note Handout

Personal Care Note Handout

Structure and Function of the Skin

The skin is made up of ______layers, it is very thin, and offers protection from infection.

Your skin helps you stay healthy.

Skin may look simple, but like our demonstration, it is a ______organ and does many jobs.

Skin is the largest organ of your body. Your skin, unlike other organs (heart and lungs) can be seen.

Parts of the Skin

There are ______parts to the skin.

The outermost and visible layer of the skin is called the epidermis. The outermost cells of the epidermis are ______.

The layer of living cells beneath the epidermis that is thick is called the dermis.

Below the dermis is a layer of fat called the subcutaneous, which connects skin to bones and muscles and helps you keep ______.

Parts of the Skin

Blood vessels, nerve endings-which give you a sense of touch, hair follicles, and glands are all found in the dermis.

Oil glands help keep the skin soft and waterproof.

Sweat glands secrete perspiration, which is released through tiny holes in your skin called pores.

Sweat is how your body ______off and helps eliminate some _____. These layers protect you from ______that could enter your body.

Taking Care of Your Skin

When you fall off your bike or get a paper cut (cut or puncture the skin), you are at risk for getting an infection. Proper skin care should be part of your daily routine. Here are some ways to keep your skin healthy.

•Keep Your Skin ______- Bathe or shower ______with mild soap, will help get rid of bacteria and excess oils on your skin. If you wear makeup- USE non-greasy products and make sure to wash it off before you go to bed.

•Protect Your Skin From the _____- Sun rays can cause premature aging and even skin cancer. Always wear ______and protective clothing in the sun. For example, wear a hat to protect your eyes, ears, face, and neck from too much sun. Avoid sunlight or use EXTRA sunscreen between 10:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. How many of you go to the tanning bed? According to the Food and Drug Administration, the light used in tanning beds may cause skin cancer and damage to your immune system. Tanning beds are not safe.

•Treat Your Skin Gently- Harsh scrubbing, squeezing, or ______blemishes can result in scars. Always administer appropriate first aid to cuts, scrapes, and burns.

Dealing with Acne

Sometimes our glands can make too much oil and our pores can get clogged.

ACNE- is an inflammation of the skin that happens when pores get clogged with dirt and oil.

The bumps that develop are from acne are called______.

Many teens _____ experience acne.

Try not to stress, because ______can make acne worse.

Relieve stress in healthy ways to help keep your acne under control (get plenty of rest, drink plenty of water- ____ glasses a day, eat a balanced diet, will all help your skin get the nutrients it needs).

During puberty, hormones can over stimulate oil glands in the face, chest, neck, and back, resulting in clogged hair follicles and pores.

This clogged bacteria releases chemicals that may irritate the skin causing the bumps on the surface.

How to Care for Acne:

Minor acne can be treated with over-the-counter products and ______hygiene.

Washing the face with mild soap and water every morning and evening. DO ____ scrub the skin.

Choose oil free hair care and cosmetics.

Keep your hand and hair away from the infected area.

Serious cases of acne should be seen by a dermatologist- a physician who treats skin disorders.

Other Skin Problems

Cold Sores- These are small ______or sores near or on the lip caused by herpes simplex virus 1. They will usually go away in 10-14 days, but will spread if they are scratched. Do not let anyone touch the sore and ALWAYS wash your hands after touching them.

Warts- These are small ______on the skin caused by a virus and can be spread to others by touch. Over-the-counter medicines might help over time, or the wart may go away on their own. If not, see a doctor about treatment.

The Sun and Your Skin

The sun can harm your skin, so try to keep your skin safe from too much sun.

Sun burns can be caused by the ultraviolet light (UV) rays in the sunshine, and ______skin.

UVB rays are usually the cause of sunburns, while UVA rays contribute to skin aging, but can also cause sunburn.

Both can cause skin ______and wrinkles.

Best way to protect yourself: use ______of SPF 15 ( 15 times 15 minutes) or higher and wear ______clothing.

Protecting your skin during teen years will help you look and feel better for years to come.

Tattoos and Body Piercings

Anytime the skin is punctured, you risk ______because pathogens (germs) can now enter the body.

Even if a tattoo or piercing is performed under sterile conditions, the skin is open to germs until it can heal.

Tattoos may cost $50 to get, but $1,000 dollars to remove.

Tattoo equipment and studios may look clean, but maybe unsanitary.

Non ______needles and equipment may cause infections, allergic reactions, or worse- contract Hepatitis B or C from needles or the ink.

People who apply tattoos do not have a special ______or license.

Hair

Hair grows from follicles on almost every part of your skin.

Hair is made of material called ______.

Keratin’s strength allows hair to stick out from the surface of the skin.

This helps you in two ways.

---It helps trap air near the skin. This helps to keep you warm.

Hair also helps you sense the world around you.

---If something touches your hair, it lets you know through the nerve endings that something is close. (Gently touch your eyelash to see how hair helps with your sense of touch).

The same hormones that contribute to acne can affect your hair.

An oil gland is attached to each strand of hair.

Normally, the______make hair shiny and attractive.

During puberty however, the oil glands can secrete_____much oil, making the hair look and feel greasy.

Hair Care:

•______your hair with a gentle (mild) shampoo and warm water frequently (at least ______a week) to not hurt or dry out your scalp.

•Let your hair air dry when you can, the heat from the blow dryers can rob your hair of oils and make it look rough and dry

•______or comb your hair a few times a day to remove dirt ( use a soft brush and brush gently).

•Avoid dyes, permanent, and hair spray that can damage hair. Some styling gels and conditioners can build up on hair making it look and feel greasy. Avoid preparations that contain alcohol and can dry out your hair.

Keeping your hair ______and clean can help it stay healthy. Trimming and brushing your hair helps keep it neat.

Hair Care and Scalp Problems

A dry scalp can make flaky, dried clumps of dead cells called ______.

It can often be controlled with a special shampoo, but if the problem persists, see a doctor.

You may have a skin infection or _____ condition.

An itchy scalp is another common problem.

It may be caused by head lice.

Head lice are small ______that live on the scalp and suck blood. Lice lay eggs on hair shafts.

Special shampoos can help a person get rid of lice, but it’s best to avoid lice in the first place.

Make sure to wash all items that have touched your head, such as, bedding, towels, and hats. DO NOT share hats, combs, brushes, or any other items that can transfer lice to you.

Healthy Nails

Nails grow from nail beds that grow out of the skin’s dermis, between the base of your nail and the knuckle closest to it.

Like your hair, your nails are made of ______.

The keratin in nails forms hard layers, helping to protect sensitive ends of fingers and toes.

Around the base of each nail is a fold of epidermis called the cuticle.

The cuticle may become _____ and cracked, causing it to be painful.

Using ______on your hands help your cuticles stay soft and healthy.

Taking care of your nails and cuticles is important for your appearance and your health.

Fingernails help with every day tasks, such as, ______up a pin or ______an itch.

Nail Care

Keeping your fingernails and toenails cleaned and trimmed is important.

Germs and dirt ______under nails.

Even when you cannot see bugs and bacteria, THEY ARE TEHRE!

When washing your hands, carefully ______underneath your fingernails with a brush.

When you bathe, make sure your toenails are clean.

Because germs collect under your nails, ______them is not healthy.

Instead, use a nail clipper or pair of scissors to trim your nails. When trimming, make sure to do it neatly.

Some minor problems can affect nails.

A hangnail may occur which is a split in the cuticle along the edge of the fingernail.

If you carefully cut away the broken skin, then the cuticle should heal in a few days.

An ingrown toenail is a condition in wish the nail pushes into the skin on the side of the toe.

This can happen if you cut your toenails in a curve rather than straight across, or if you wear shoes that are too tight.

If the toe becomes inflamed or sore, see a doctor because it may be infected.

Your Mouth and Teeth

Just like our fingers, teeth have nerve endings too.

There are sensitive nerve endings around our fingers.

The nerve endings of our teeth are ______the tooth, in the pulp.

The pulp is protected by the dentin and the enamel.

What are the benefits of having unprotected nerve endings on fingers, but heavily protected nerve endings in teeth?

Your Mouth and Teeth

Your mouth, teeth, and tongue play an important role in your health and appearance. They allow you to taste and digest food, speak, and make positive impressions on others.

•______- Food touches taste buds on your tongue and sends a signal to the brain. The brain tells you whether the food was salty, sweet, sour, or bitter.

•Digesting- This begins in your mouth. Your teeth and ______break food into smaller pieces and the salvia moistens the food and starts to change it chemically.

•Speaking- The constant and ______sounds you make are formed by precise placement of the tongue, lips, teeth, and other parts of the mouth. (Figure out which parts of the mouth are used to make the following letter sounds: (f,l,p,w,m,n) What would it be like if someone could not make their lips meet while communicating? What does that difficulty suggest about the relationship of the mouth, to the process of speaking?

•Appearance- Your teeth and mouth say a lot about who ____ are.

Healthy and clean teeth tell others that you care about yourself and your appearance.

Structure and Function of Teeth

Different types of ______perform different functions.

The incisors in the front of your mouth, _____ and tear food while molars in the back of your mouth, do the major work of ______food.

There are three main parts of the tooth: the crown, the neck, and the root.

Each tooth is also made up of enamel, dentin, pulp, and cementum.

When you look at your teeth, you only see the part that grows out from the gums.

The shiny, white portion of the tooth is called the crown.

It is ______and hard because it is covered by enamel, the ______substance in the body.

The area around a tooth is called the periodontum, a structure made up of the jawbone, gums, and connectors called ligaments.

This structure supports the teeth.

Tooth and Gum Problems

You should take care of problems with your teeth and gums as soon as possible.

If not, small problems may become big ones.

Your gums should be ______and pink and _____ from sores.

Check them ______in the mirror.

One of the most common tooth problems is- ______.

This is a mixture of bacteria, salvia, and food particles.

It is very sticky and binds the enamel of your teeth.

The bacteria and acid found in plaque can _____ bad breath, and cavities.

Tooth Decay/ Dental Cavities

This is the gradual wearing of the enamel and dentin layers.

If you don’t clean food off your teeth after eating, bacteria in the mouth will turn sugars in the food into acid.

Tooth enamel is one of the hardest substances in your body, but acid can eat holes in it.

A cavity is a hole in your tooth made by acids.

A cavity begins when ______forms on your tooth.

The bacteria in the plaque make acids from food particles.

The plaque keeps the particles close to the enamel of the teeth.

You probably won’t______anything at first.

Then the decay will reach the dentin, and finally the pulp.

Once it reaches the sensitive nerves inside, you will get a toothache.

Visit a ______right away.

Tooth decay and cavities are one of the most preventable diseases in the United States.

Some dental problems are inherited, but ______and visits to the dentist can usually overcome them.

Taking Care of Your Teeth

•Brush and Floss your teeth ______eating and ______bedtime. Bacteria works rapidly, so it is important to remove food particles after eating. If you can’t brush after each meal, rinse your mouth with water.

•Choose snack ______. Raw veggies, plain yogurt, and fruits are good choices. Avoid snacks high in sugar, sodas, hard, and sticky candies.

•Protect your teeth when you play sports. ______a mouth guard.

•Get ______checkups. A dentist and dental hygienist can clean your teeth and spot signs of tooth decay and gum disease before they become a problem.

What Causes Bad Breath?

There are over _____species of bacteria in the mouth. Not all are harmful.

Bad breath, is often caused by failing to ______the teeth adequately.

Other causes of bad are tooth decay, tobacco, and upset stomach.

Tongue ______and mouthwash use are important for controlling bad breath.

Gingivitis, is a common disorder in which the gums are red and sore and bleed easily.

This is the first stage of ___ disease, and it can be cured with good oral hygiene.

Left untreated, gum disease can result in receding gum lines and tooth loss.

Advanced gum disease, in which the periodontium is infected is called periodontal disease.

Most adult tooth ______is the result of periodontal disease.

How To Brush Your Teeth:

• Brush the outside of your teeth using small ______or side-to-side strokes
• Brush the chewing surfaces
• Brush the______surfaces
• Brush the tongues and rinse with mouthwash or water
• Try to brush______each meal
• Brush before going to bed
• Brush in between teeth
• Brush your _____

How to Floss Your Teeth:

• Wrap about ______inches of floss around the middle finger of each hand

• Grip the floss tightly between thumb and forefinger
• ______the floss back and forth between teeth toward the gum line until it touches your gum line.
• Forming a ______with the floss around each tooth, slide the floss back and forth as you move it up and down the side of the tooth. Do the same for all of your teeth.
• This helps to get trapped particles in between teeth

Orthodontics

For many adolescents, the teen years are when braces are applied to correct crooked or poorly aligned teeth.

The main cause is ______, but thumb sucking and tooth loss can also cause teeth to not line properly.

An orthodontist is a dentist who prevents or corrects problems with the alignment or pacing of teeth.

Orthodontists recommend ______which provide steady pressure on the teeth to gently move them into desired positions

Structure of the Eye:

Your eyes are your ______to the world.

They help to distinguish shapes, colors, movement, and light.

It is through your eyes that you gain most of your______.

Your eyes are covered by your eyelids.

The eyelids protect your eyes and bathe them in tears to remove dust and harmful bacteria.

Light first passes through the cornea- clear, protective structure at the front of the eye.

Structure of the Eye:

It controls the amount of ______that enters by opening and closing the pupil.

The pupil is the hole in the iris.

The pupil gets ______in low light and smaller in bright light.

The lens focuses the light on the retina at the ______of the eye.

The ______is the part of the eye that contains millions of light-sensitive cells that detect the energy from the light.

These cells convert light energy into nerve signals that are sent along the optic nerve to the brain.