National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme s8
September 2002
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS NOTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT SCHEME
(NICNAS)
FULL PUBLIC REPORT
Component of Proban STiThis Assessment has been compiled in accordance with the provisions of the Industrial Chemicals (Notification and Assessment) Act 1989 (Cwlth) (the Act) and Regulations. This legislation is an Act of the Commonwealth of Australia. The National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme (NICNAS) is administered by the Department of Health and Ageing, and conducts the risk assessment for public health and occupational health and safety. The assessment of environmental risk is conducted by the Department of the Environment and Heritage.
For the purposes of subsection 78(1) of the Act, this Full Public Report may be inspected at:
Library
National Occupational Health and Safety Commission
25 Constitution Avenue
CANBERRA ACT 2600
AUSTRALIA
To arrange an appointment contact the Librarian on TEL + 61 2 6279 1161 or + 61 2 6279 1163.
This Full Public Report is available for viewing and downloading from the NICNAS website or available on request, free of charge, by contacting NICNAS. For requests and enquiries please contact the NICNAS Administration Coordinator at:
Street Address: 334 - 336 Illawarra Road MARRICKVILLE NSW 2204, AUSTRALIA.
Postal Address: GPO Box 58, SYDNEY NSW 2001, AUSTRALIA.
TEL: + 61 2 8577 8800
FAX + 61 2 8577 8888.
Website: www.nicnas.gov.au
Director
Chemicals Notification and Assessment
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FULL PUBLIC REPORT 4
1. APPLICANT AND NOTIFICATION DETAILS 4
2. IDENTITY OF CHEMICAL 4
3. COMPOSITION 4
4. INTRODUCTION AND USE INFORMATION 5
5. PROCESS AND RELEASE INFORMATION 5
6. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 6
7. TOXICOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS 10
8. ENVIRONMENT 18
9. RISK ASSESSMENT 27
10. CONCLUSIONS – ASSESSMENT LEVEL OF CONCERN FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND
HUMANS 29
11. MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET 30
12. RECOMMENDATIONS 30
13. BIBLIOGRAPHY 32
File No: STD/1015September 2002
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS NOTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT SCHEME
(NICNAS)
FULL PUBLIC REPORT
Component of Proban STiThis Assessment has been compiled in accordance with the provisions of the Industrial Chemicals (Notification and Assessment) Act 1989 (Cwlth) (the Act) and Regulations. This legislation is an Act of the Commonwealth of Australia. The National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme (NICNAS) is administered by the National Occupational Health and Safety Commission which also conducts the occupational health and safety assessment. The assessment of environmental hazard is conducted by the Department of the Environment and Heritage and the assessment of public health is conducted by the Department of Health and Aged Care.
For the purposes of subsection 78(1) of the Act, this Full Public Report may be inspected at:
Library
National Occupational Health and Safety Commission
25 Constitution Avenue
CANBERRA ACT 2600
AUSTRALIA
To arrange an appointment contact the Librarian on TEL + 61 2 6279 1161 or + 61 2 6279 1163.
This Full Public Report is available for viewing and downloading from the NICNAS website or available on request, free of charge, by contacting NICNAS. For requests and enquiries please contact the NICNAS Administration Coordinator at:
Street Address: 334 - 336 Illawarra Road MARRICKVILLE NSW 2204, AUSTRALIA.
Postal Address: GPO Box 58, SYDNEY NSW 2001, AUSTRALIA.
TEL: + 61 2 8577 8800
FAX + 61 2 9577 8888.
Website: www.nicnas.gov.au
Director
Chemicals Notification and Assessment
FULL PUBLIC REPORT
Component of Proban STi1. APPLICANT AND NOTIFICATION DETAILS
Applicant(s)Rhodia Australia Pty Ltd (ABN 24 050 029 000), 313 Middleborough Rd Box Hill VIC 3128.
Notification Category
Standard: Chemical other than polymer (more than 1 tonne per year).
Exempt Information (Section 75 of the Act)
Chemical name, CAS No., molecular weight, molecular and structural formulae, spectral data, exact import volume, impurities and identity of sites of end use.
Variation of Data Requirements (Section 24 of the Act)
Variation to the schedule of data requirements is claimed as follows:
Substitution of data on ITC 826 Concentrate as follows: Schedule Part B, paragraphs 9(a) – 9(q); Schedule Part C, paragraphs (a) – (n), (q) and (r).
Previous Notification in Australia by Applicant(s)
None.
Notification in Other Countries
U.K. EU Notification number 01-06-1493-00.
2. IDENTITY OF CHEMICAL
Other Name(s)Proban STi (contains the notified chemical at 55 – 65%.)
Marketing Name(s)
Only the commercial product Proban STi has a marketing name.
Spectral Data / Ultraviolet/Visible, infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra for the analogue ITC 826 concentrate were provided as part of a report to the EC.
Methods of Detection and Determination
UV/vis, IR and NMR spectroscopy.
3. COMPOSITION
Degree of Purity> 60%.
Hazardous Impurities/Residual Monomers / Two hazardous impurities at a concentration of less than 1% may contribute to the notified chemical’s skin sensitisation potential.
Additives/Adjuvants
None.
4. INTRODUCTION AND USE INFORMATION
Mode of Introduction of Notified Chemical (100%) Over Next 5 YearsImport.
Maximum Introduction Volume of Notified Chemical (100%) Over Next 5 Years
Year / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
Tonnes / < 50 / < 50 / < 50 / < 50 / < 50
Use
The notified chemical will be used as a flame retardant treatment for finishing textiles used for industrial and domestic purposes. The notifier indicates that the product will only be sold to customers who enter into an agreement with the notifier.
5. PROCESS AND RELEASE INFORMATION
5.1. Distribution, Transport and Storage
Port of EntryUnknown.
Transportation and Packaging
Proban Sti will be imported in 250 L plastic drums. Import in 1000 L IBCs may be undertaken in the future. No repackaging will be required.
5.2. Operation Description
The fabric to be dyed is held in a 2000 m roll (for woven fabric) on an A frame or as a 1000 m plait (for knitted fabric) in a barrow. In either case the fabric is attached to a “leader” from the last batch by an industrial sewing machine. The fabric runs through the plant on stainless steel rollers, passing through the pad bath, the nip of a mangle and drying unit before being collected on an A frame or in a barrow. The notified chemical is pumped to a mixing vessel along with water or washings of the unit from a previous batch and diluted 35 – 60% before being introduced to the pad bath by gravity feed. After drying the fabric is transferred to the ammonia curing unit where it is again sewn onto a leader fabric then passes on steel rollers through rubber seals to a chamber where it is treated with anhydrous ammonia gas. The fabric then exits in the same way and is collected on an A frame or in a barrow.After ammonia curing, the fabric is treated with 10% (w/w) hydrogen peroxide solution, neutralised with a cold dilute solution of 1% (w/w) sodium hydroxide/2% (w/w) sodium carbonate, boiled in alkaline detergent, washed and dried.
5.3. Occupational exposure
Number and Category of WorkersCategory of Worker / Number / Exposure Duration / Exposure Frequency
Process operator (preparation of pad batch liquor) / 2 / 2 hours/day / 200 days/year
Pad bath, ammonia curing, oxidation / 8 / “ / “
Wash down / 2 / “ / “
Exposure Details
There is potential for exposure when pumping the notified chemical to the mixing vessel, when transferring the liquor to the pad bath and during washing of the impregnation unit. Potential exposure is possible from drips and spills and residues on couplings and in lines. Exposure is also possible from washing the mixing vessel with water prior to transfer to the pad bath and collecting the pad bath liquor in drums to save for subsequent campaigns. The notifier states that workers will wear gloves, goggles and a boiler suit as personal protective equipment. The material safety data sheet for the notified chemical specifies PVC gloves. After the impregnation step the potential for worker exposure is limited.
5.4. Release
Release of Chemical at SiteThe notifier has indicated that a “zero discharge” licensing arrangement will apply to all users of the notified chemical in Australia. The customer must sign an agreement to follow the notifier’s code of practice and to comply with operational instructions regarding processing and effluent release. An important part of the code is the zero loss recycling procedure, which involves recycling and reuse of all washings, containing the notified chemical, used in the treatment process. Equipment, in the form of a refractometer is supplied to customers to allow the bath strength to be accurately measured. This allows the licensee to adjust the bath strength using recycled washings.
Release of Chemical from Use
No release of the notified chemical is expected once the polymer is cross-linked with the fibres in the fabric.
5.5. Disposal
The notifier recommends that accidental spills, which cannot be reused in the process bath, should be adsorbed onto an inert substance and disposed of by off-site methods, preferably by incineration. It is expected that container residues will be recycled. Some of the empty import containers will be used to store recycled product between production campaigns. Any contaminated bath water not able to be reused should also be incinerated.5.6. Public exposure
Exposure of the general public as a result of transport, reformulation and disposal of products containing the notified chemical is assessed as being negligible. Neither the notified chemical nor products containing it will be sold directly to the general public. Public exposure to a reacted form of the notified chemical may occur as a result of dermal contact with textiles treated with the notified chemical. However the amounts to which people may be exposed is considered to be small since the notified chemical forms an insoluble polymer after processing that is trapped with the fibre matrix of the treated textile and is not bioavailable.6. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Unless otherwise stated, all physico-chemical tests were performed on a structurally related compound to the notified chemical, Proban ST (ITC 826 Concentrate). The latter substance differs from the notified chemical only in the relative percentages of its constituent phosphonium species.
Appearance at 20oC and 101.3 kPa / Off-white mobile gel.Melting Point/Freezing Point / -48 - -26oC
Method / EC Directive 92/69/EEC A.1 Melting/Freezing Temperature.
Remarks / A small broad exotherm was observed with an onset temperature of ~ --48oC and a peak maximum of ~ -26 - 27oC.
Test Facility / ASG (1996).
Boiling Point / Partial decomposition before boiling at 300oC at 101.3 kPa
Method / EC Directive 92/69/EEC A.2 Boiling Temperature.
Remarks / Endotherm at 100 - 120 oC corresponding to volatilisation of water and exotherms at 200 - 250oC.
Test Facility / Zeneca (1996a).
Density / 1230 kg/m3 at 20oC
Method / EC Directive 92/69/EEC A.3 Relative Density.
Test Facility / ASG (1996).
Vapour Pressure / 2.1 kPa at 25oC.
Method / EC Directive 92/69/EEC Annex V, A4 Vapour Pressure. Static Method.
Remarks / The vapour pressure of ITC 826 was determined in a glass isoteniscope fitted with a U-tube containing mercury as the means of pressure measurement. The initial test resulted in the test substance foaming and contaminating the mercury. A second test was performed with the isoteniscope immersed in an ice-water bath with the interconnecting tap open so that the pressure above the sample and in the mercury column remained at atmospheric. The sample was then isolated and heated to 25oC. The approximate vapour pressure was then determined. A test was also performed using the normal technique and with the addition of an antifoaming agent. The latter measurement is regarded as more reliable and was given more weight when calculating the mean value. The test results indicate the notified chemical is highly volatile, with a volatility value close to water, which most likely reflects the water component in the mixture.
Test Facility / Zeneca (1996a).
Water Solubility / 2-3 g/L at 20oC.
Method / OECD TG 105 Water Solubility.
Remarks / A preliminary test was conducted on ITC 836 Concentrate where varying proportions of the test substance were weighed into vials and treated ultrasonically and shaken for approximately 30 minutes to mix. At high concentrations (10% w/w), the test material formed a thick mobile gel in water, at intermediate concentrations (1-5% w/w), the test material formed a cloudy solution, while at lower concentrations (0.25% w/w), the substance formed a clear solution. Attempts were made to separate the test substance by centrifuging and filtering but no separation was obtained. Water solubility was assessed visually. The test substance is miscible in water in all proportions. Further tests were carried out using lower concentrations. These tests showed the water solubility is between 0.2 and 0.3% w/w, indicating the substance is readily water soluble.
Test Facility / ASG (1996).
Hydrolysis as a Function of pH
Method / EC Directive 92/69/EEC C.7 Degradation: Abiotic Degradation: Hydrolysis as a Function of pH.
pH / T (°C) / t½ <hours or days>
4 / 25 / 12.35
5 / 25 / 21.06
Remarks / The hydrolysis test was performed on ITC 836 Concentrate at pH 4 and 5. It was not possible to perform the test at higher pH conditions due to the high acidity and insolubility of the test substance at pH 7 and 9. At higher pH conditions the test material precipitated to form hydroxides. Solutions of the test material were prepared in distilled water, adjusted to pH 4 and 5 with sodium hydroxide solution and stored in an oven at 50°C and results extrapolated to 25°C. The concentrations of the main components of the test substance were determined by titration to monitor release of hydrochloric acid. The expected hydrolysis reaction is:
Cl-P+(CH2OH)4 ® P(CH2OH)3 + HCHO + HCl
Hydrolyses of the test substance is expected to be slower in higher pH conditions.
Test Facility / ASG (1996).
Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water) / log Pow at 25oC = -1.7.
Method / EC Directive 92/69/EEC A.8 Partition Coefficient. Shake Flask Method
Remarks / Solutions of the test substance were prepared in n-octanol saturated water. The water phase was diluted with deionised water and the n-octanol phases were wet oxidised before determining the phosphorus content by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The test results indicate the notified chemical has a poor affinity to lipids.
Test Facility / ASG (1996).
Adsorption– screening test
Method / In house method: Sorption and Desorption of substances to soil and sediment: Standard Operating Procedure P22.
Remarks / A simple soil sorption-screening test was performed on ITC 826 using 4 g of sandy loam soil with pH 8.2. Of the initial nominal concentration of 34 mg/L of test substance added, 52% was adsorbed (or precipitated) onto soil. During the test, the test substance did not adsorb to the glass or PTFE containers. The concentration adsorbed to soils was determined by analysis of P content, which was regarded as too crude a method to obtain meaningful results.
Test Facility / BEL (1996).
Surface Tension / 39.9 mN/m at 1000 mg/L and 25oC
Method / OECD TG 115 Surface Tension of Aqueous Solutions.
Remarks / The surface tension of the test substance was measured in Milli Q distilled water using a Kruss Processor Tensiometer fitted with a Wilhelrig plate. A small change in the surface tension over the test period indicates an ageing effect. The test substance can be classified as a surfactant.
Test Facility / ASG (1996).
Dissociation Constant / Not done.
Particle Size / Not done.
Flash Point / No flash detected below 96oC.
Method / EC Directive 92/69/EEC A.9 Flash Point.
Remarks / Chemical frothed out of test cup at approximately 96oC.
Test Facility / Zeneca (1996a).
Flammability Limits / Not flammable.
Autoignition Temperature / 310oC
Method / 92/69/EEC A.15 Auto-Ignition Temperature (Liquids and Gases).
Test Facility / Zeneca (1996a).
Explosive Properties / Not explosive.
Remarks / Expert statement.
Test Facility / Zeneca (1996a).
ADDITIONAL TESTS