NASAT 2017 - Round 11 - Tossups
1. For most of the 1960s, the definitive textbook on this behavior was the work of Irving Bieber. This behavior was criticized in a 1956 book by Edmund Bergler, who called its practitioners "injustice collectors." Evelyn Hooker's groundbreaking 1957 paper noted that there was no mental difference between people who did or did not engage in this behavior. People who exclusively demonstrated this behavior were ranked 6 on a scale named for a zoologist at Indiana University. The first objective textbook on it was an 1897 work by Havelock Ellis. Until 1974, people exhibiting this behavior were classified by the American Psychiatric Association's DSM as mentally disordered. For 10 points, the Kinsey Report concluded that what type of sexual behavior was far more common than assumed?
ANSWER: homosexuality [or same-sex relationships; or gay behavior; or LGBT behavior; or lesbian behavior] <Cheyne>
2. Adherents of this faith were heavily divided after the 1980 "Glacier View" event, a five-day conference in Colorado. That meeting led to the Australian Desmond Ford having his credentials revoked and leaving this faith. It helped introduce the modern concept of breakfast cereal, as the founder of Kellogg's Cereal was a devoted member, and this faith's emphasis on healthy eating is one of the reasons why Loma Linda, California, has a high longevity rate. Its doctrine of "investigative judgment" holds that God has been performing the divine judgment of Christians since 1844. Emerging out of the Millerite movement, this faith holds the writings of Ellen White to have special authority, exceeded only by the Bible. For 10 points, name this religious group that believes Saturday is the Sabbath.
ANSWER: Seventh-Day Adventist Church [prompt on Adventism] <Thompson>
3. Chris Freiling argued that this statement is false because it is equivalent to the negation of his axiom of symmetry. It's not the axiom of choice, but Gödel's constructible universe was introduced to demonstrate the consistency of this statement, which was shown to be independent of Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory by Paul Cohen using the technique of forcing, for which he won a 1966 Fields Medal. A reformulation of this statement says that the first beth number is equal to the first aleph number, or alternatively, that the number of reals is aleph-one. For 10 points, identify this assertion in set theory that states that there are no sets whose cardinality is strictly between that of the integers and that of the real numbers.
ANSWER: continuum hypothesis [or CH] <Thompson>
4. This man was appointed governor of Higüey (ee-GWAY) after leading a successful campaign against the natives of the region. Woodrow Wilson had a hypothesis about this man and a variety of brown tea. He may have been a deckhand on the second of Columbus's voyages and supposedly discovered the Gulf Stream. This man launched one expedition in search of the island of Bimini. Rumors of gold led him to establish the colony of Caparra, the first European settlement in Puerto Rico. A territory discovered by this man was named for Easter flowers. This explorer was killed by a poisoned arrow from an Apalachee Indian that was shot near the Caloosahatchee River. For 10 points, name this man who "discovered" Florida while supposedly searching for the Fountain of Youth.
ANSWER: Juan Ponce de León <Bentley>
5. A painting of silhouettes of this color, People Begin to Fly, echoes a photograph of the artist leaping from a building's second story. The Monotone Symphony was played at a "Living Brush" exhibit in which nude women smeared themselves with paint of this color to create Anthropometrie paintings. That International shade of this color was used in the work of Yves Klein. A painting subtitled "Souvenir of Biskra" depicts a nude of this color and was created by Henri Matisse. Many horses of this color were painted by Franz Marc who, with the painter of many Improvisations and Compositions, founded a movement named for a figure of this color. For 10 points, Wassily Kandinsky founded a movement named for a "rider" of what primary color?
ANSWER: blue [accept IKB or International Klein Blue] <Brownstein>
6. During a campaign, this candidate launched an attack ad against his opponent's use of handlers that asked, "They'd like to sell you a package. Wouldn't you rather choose a president?" Rumors about his supposed psychiatric treatments were spread by strategist Lee Atwater. Referred to as a "card-carrying member of the ACLU," this man was slammed for a lack of emotion when responding to journalist Bernard Shaw's question about the hypothetical rape and murder of his wife. He was the subject of the negative ads "Revolving Door" and "Weekend Passes," the latter of which used an image of black convict Willie Horton to paint this man as soft on crime. For 10 points, name this Massachusetts governor who lost the 1988 presidential election to George H. W. Bush.
ANSWER: Michael Dukakis <Collins>
7. Percy Shelley wrote a "Discourse on the Manners of the Ancient Greeks" to accompany his translation of this work. This work describes Penia's seduction of the drunken Poros, resulting in the conception of a god who serves as a spiritual intermediate between the divine and the mortal. A man in this work recalls an upward mental progression beginning with the conception of a single beautiful object and culminating in the conception of absolute beauty, which was described to him by Diotima of Mantineia. In this work, a parable in which three sexes of eight-limbed humans are split in two by Zeus is related by Aristophanes at a party hosted by Agathon. For 10 points, name this Platonic dialogue featuring a series of discourses on the nature of love.
ANSWER: the Symposium <Casalaspi>
8. The glaucoma drug timolol is also used to prevent heart attacks and these events. The MBA type of them was formerly attributed to spasms of the basilar artery. People with CACNA1A mutations have weakness in half the body during these events. One model of these events posits successive waves of depolarization, ischemia, and vasoconstriction, and is called cortical spreading depression. These events are often treated using agonists of the 5HT-1B and and 5HT-1D receptors, called triptans. Their acephalgic (ay-suh-FALL-jik) type only involves the scintillating scotoma or other auras that classically precede these events, and people suffering from these events are often sensitive to both light and sound. For 10 points, name these severe headaches.
ANSWER: migraine headaches [prompt on headaches or auras until they are read] <Mukherjee>
9. A character who lives in this province envisions traveling with Banga on journeys to the sun and the moon. Amrah, a servant girl who lives in this province, fends off people who want to foreclose on her master's estate by pretending to be a ghost. In this province, a man orders Aphranius to commit murder by asking him to provide protection to the victim. Miriam and Tirzah, the mother and sister of a resident of this province, are cured of leprosy during a thunderstorm. In this province, a man avenges himself on Messala by winning a chariot race. It's the setting of the historical and religious narrative interspersed with the action of The Master and Margarita. For 10 points, name this Roman province, the setting of Ben-Hur, which is governed by Pontius Pilate.
ANSWER: Judea [prompt on Israel] <Droge>
10. In this symphony, a sustained E major harmonium chord plays over a solo violin melody that Henry Louis de La Grange dubbed this symphony's "love theme." A children's chorus follows a "surge in E major" by the trombones and trumpets that introduces the "accende lumens sensibus" theme of this symphony. A loud E-flat major organ chord introduces the first part of this symphony, which is a setting of the "Veni creator spiritus" hymn. Its second part is based on Goethe's Faust. The composer's friend Emil Gutman coined the nickname of this symphony after witnessing 858 singers and 171 musicians play the piece at its premiere in Munich. For 10 points, name this symphony by Gustav Mahler written for the title number of performers.
ANSWER: Symphony of a Thousand [or Mahler's Symphony No. 8] <Belal>
11. One of these figures was said to erect pillars with vaginas on them in places that surrendered to him too easily. These figures eat gods that were butchered by the lion-headed deity Shezmu, according to a "cannibal hymn" first addressed to one of these figures called Unas. These people had a wolf's tail pinned to them in a ceremony that may have replaced their outright ceremonial murder by priests, the Sed Festival. Protection of these people was symbolized by a vulture and a uraeus serpent, representing the "Two Ladies" Nekhbet and Wadjet, who also names an "eye" that symbolizes both these people and their patron, Horus. For 10 points, name these people analogized to Horus in life and Osiris in death by the Pyramid Texts found in their tombs.
ANSWER: Pharaohs [or kings of Egypt; or rulers of Egypt; prompt on the dead] <Golfinos>
12. After massacring unarmed prisoners of war in this country, Horace West and John Compton were put on trial. For perceived passivity in this country, John Lucas was replaced by Lucian Truscott, much to the approval of Winston Churchill. A general was second-guessed for his slowness in breaking through the Gustav Line in this country and for later choosing to take the capital instead of trapping Albert Kesselring's Tenth Army. Mark Clark was criticized for his decision to bomb a historic abbey in this country. American forces participated in Operation Husky, a 1943 attack on an island belonging to this country. For 10 points, the Battles of Anzio and Monte Cassino occurred in what European country during World War II and helped pave the way for Allied occupation of Rome?
ANSWER: Italy [or Italian Republic; or Kingdom of Italy; or Italian Social Republic; or RSI; or Republic of Salo] <Cheyne>
13. The Bouc–Wen model can be used to describe non-linear systems that exhibit this phenomenon. The power lost by this phenomenon can be determined using Steinmetz's equation. The I–V curve of a memristor displays a "pinched" form of this phenomenon. Rolling resistance in tires occurs mostly because rubber exhibits this phenomenon. Degaussing is unable to completely remove remanence (REM-uh-nence) due to this behavior. In systems that display this phenomenon, motions in domain walls lead to jumps in magnetization in the Barkhausen effect. For 10 points, name this phenomenon commonly observed in ferromagnets in which the state of a system is dependent on its history.
ANSWER: hysteresis <Rombro>
14. In 2016, Martin Shain was indicted for making up a company that supposedly made these items for the Oregon University System. The majority of funds provided by Andrew Cuomo's Buffalo Billion program go to a factory for these items. As a result of the Majuro (MADGE-uh-roh) Declaration, the use of these items in Pacific countries like Tuvalu increased, and in 2012, the territory of Tokelau set a milestone in the use of these items. Despite receiving over 500 million dollars in government loans, a company that made these items from cylindrical components went bankrupt in 2011. Years after they were dismantled by Ronald Reagan, Barack Obama reinstalled these items on the White House roof. For 10 points, name these items that generate power from light.
ANSWER: solar panels [or solar cells; or photovoltaic cells; or photovoltaic modules; or PV cells] <Shimizu>
15. In an opera set in this country, an offstage viola d'amore and a wordless chorus of sopranos and tenors play a plaintive melody as a woman keeps an all-night vigil. In a different opera, a royal procession in this country introduces the title character's "daughter-in-law elect," Katisha. A resident of this country threatens that he has "got a little list" of people he'd like to kill in his role as Lord High Executioner. The thought of a ship returning to this country after three years prompts a young woman to sing the aria "Un bel dì" in an opera in which news that Lieutenant Pinkerton has married Kate prompts Cio-Cio San (CHO-cho sahn) to commit ritual suicide. For 10 points, name this country, the setting of the operas Madama Butterfly and The Mikado.
ANSWER: Japan [or Nihon-koku; or Nippon-koku] <Kim>
16. While staying in this city, a man hears the story of Curran, a circus manager whose passion was founding a church exclusively for dogs. At the end of a novel set in this city, an old priest tells a girl "You can't conceive, my child, nor can I or anyone, the appalling strangeness of the mercy of God." This is the first place that Henry Pulling is taken toby Augusta in the novel Travels with My Aunt. In this city, Ida Arnold summons the police to the site of a mutual suicide pact where Rose's life is saved, but her husband jumps off a cliff. In a novel titled for a type of candy sold in this city, the journalist Fred Hale is murdered by gang leader Pinkie Brown. For 10 points, name this English seaside resort whose "rock" titles a novel by Graham Greene.
ANSWER: Brighton [accept Brighton Rock] <Droge>
17. The most stable 18-electron complex prepared by reacting neutral iron metal with carbon monoxide has this geometry. Crystal field theory predicts this geometry's d-orbital splitting to have three levels: dxz and dyz degenerate in the lowest level, dxy and d-x-squared-y-squared in the middle level, and dz-squared fully anti-bonding in the highest level. Berry pseudorotation interchanges the two nonequivalent ligand environments in this geometry; those are axial and equatorial. Xenon difluoride has its central electron pairs arranged in this geometry. Compounds with a see-saw or T-shaped molecular geometry also have this electron-pair geometry. Compounds with this geometry have a central atom with dsp3 hybridization. For 10 points, name this molecular geometry taken by phosphorus pentafluoride.
ANSWER: trigonal bipyramidal <Pendyala>
18. This character's future husband accidentally forgets to take off a paper soldier hat while reading Friedrich Schiller's depiction of the death of Wallenstein to her. This character fails to tell her sister about a section of thin ice on a river in a chapter in which this character "meets Apollyon." She first meets one of her friends while hiding behind a curtain to avoid boys at Sallie Gardiner's New Year's Eve party. After inheriting her aunt's estate, Plumfield, this character converts it into a school with her husband, Professor Bhaer. This aspiring writer declines a marriage proposal from her neighbor, Laurie. For 10 points, name this tomboyish sister of Meg, Beth, and Amy in Louisa May Alcott's Little Women.
ANSWER: Jo March [or Josephine March, or Josephine Bhaer; prompt on "March" or "Bhaer"] <Sy>
19. In 2009, a man in this country crashed his car into a parade in an attempt to hit a bus carrying the royal family. A ruler of this country was married to a prince accused of receiving a million dollar bribe from Lockheed. That queen here had daughters who controversially married the Carlist Duke of Parma and a former Hitler Youth member who became Prince Claus. In this country, Mohammed Bouyeri brutally murdered a director who made the film Submission about abused Muslim women. Its ruler abdicated in 2013, ending her 33-year reign. This country suffered over 1,800 deaths in a devastating 1953 flood. For 10 points, the film director Theo van Gogh was killed in what European country once ruled by Queen Beatrix?
ANSWER: Kingdom of the Netherlands [or Holland] <Cheyne>
20. The fourth part of this poem alludes to Dante's Paradiso in its description of "the perpetual star / Multifoliate rose." This poem imagines "lips that would kiss" that "form prayers to broken stone" in its third section, which begins "this is the dead land." It quotes Joseph Conrad's line "Life is very long" and fragments of the Lord's Prayer in its final section, which observes "between the idea / and the reality… falls the shadow." Its first stanza describes the title characters as "shape without form, shade without color, Paralysed force, gesture without motion." This poem's final lines are "This is the way the world ends / Not with a bang but a whimper." For 10 points, name this poem by T. S. Eliot whose title characters are spiritually empty.
ANSWER: "The Hollow Men" <Thompson>
21. This man arrested his second-in-command, William Burroughs, after the latter objected to a plan to go to the Isle of Terceira. He named an object in honor of his patron, Sir Christopher Hatton, whose crest was a female red deer. A legend states this man said he had plenty of time to finish a game of bowls at Plymouth Hoe before repelling invaders. He and John Norreys were responsible for a failed campaign that resulted in the loss of 20 ships. This captain of the Golden Hind "singed the beard" of a foreign king during his raid on Cádiz. He was the second-in-command of the fleet that resisted the so-called Invincible Armada of Spain. For 10 points, name this English sea captain who circumnavigated the world in the 1500's.
ANSWER: Sir Francis Drake <Cheyne>