CORNELL
NOTES / TOPIC / OBJECTIVE: / NAME:
ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
QUESTIONS: / NOTES
Chapter 19 section 1 The Circulatory System
  1. Your cardiovascular system includes the ______, ______, and ______. It moves materials to all parts of your body.
  1. Movement of materials into and out of your cells occurs by ______, or movement of materials from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
  2. Movement also occurs by ______, which is the opposite of diffusion.
  1. ______- controls blood flow through all parts of the body
  1. Has four chambers
  1. ______- upper two chambers
  2. ______- lower two chambers
  3. A one-way valve separates each atrium from the ventricle below it.
  4. Blood flows only from an atrium to a ventricle.
  5. A wall between the two atriums and the two ventricles prevents oxygen-rich blood and oxygen-poor blood from ______
  1. ______- divided into three sections
  1. ______is the flow of blood to and from the tissue of the heart.
  2. In ______, blood flows through the heart to the lungs where carbon dioxide and other waste materials diffuse out, oxygen diffuses in, and the blood goes back to the heart.
  3. ______moves oxygen-rich blood to all the organs and body tissues, except the heart ad lungs, and returns oxygen-poor blood to the heart.
  1. ______carry blood to every part of your body.
  1. ______are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
  1. Each ventricle of the heart is connected to an artery.
  2. The right ventricle connects to the pulmonary artery.
  3. The left ventricle connects to the ______.
  4. Every time your heart contracts, blood is moved from your heart into your arteries.
  1. ______carry blood back to the heart.
  1. ______keep blood moving toward the heart by muscle contractions throughout the body.
  2. There are two major veins, the ______which returns blood from the head and neck , and the ______which returns blood from the abdomen and lower body.
  1. ______are microscopic blood vessels that connect arteries to veins.
  1. Nutrients and oxygen diffuse to body cells through capillary walls.
  2. Waste materials and carbon dioxide diffuse from body cells to capillaries.
  1. ______is the force of the blood on the walls of the blood vessels.
  1. Blood pressure is highest in arteries and lowest in veins.
  1. A rise and fall of pressure occurs with the ______.
  2. Normal pulse rates are 60-100 beats per minute for adults.
  1. Measured using ______numbers:
  1. First – ______- measures pressure caused by ventricles contracting and pushing blood out of the heart
  2. Second - ______- measures pressure that occurs as ventricles fill with blood.
  1. Your brain tries to keep your blood pressure constant. Your brain sends messages to your heart to raise and lower your blood pressure by speeding up or slowing down your heart rate.
  1. ______- the leading cause of death in the United States
  1. Atherosclerosis - ______build up on arterial walls and clog arteries
  1. Atherosclerosis can occur in any artery in the body – deposits in coronary arteries are especially serious
  2. If a coronary artery is blocked, a ______can happen.
  1. Hypertension- ______blood pressure
  1. When blood pressure is high, the heart must work harder to keep blood flowing.
  2. One cause of high blood pressure is atherosclerosis.
  1. Prevention:
  1. Follow a good diet and avoid salt, sugar, cholesterol, and ______
  2. Eliminate ______, which forces the heart to pump faster.
  3. Exercise strengthens the heart and lungs, helps control cholesterol, and controls ______.
  4. Manage ______which causes the heart to pump faster.
  5. Avoid ______, which increases the amount of carbon monoxide in the blood and makes the heart beat faster.

SUMMARY